炭黑/CNF复合光热转化材料的制备及性能研究

太阳能光热转化材料在海水淡化应用方面具有巨大的潜力和广阔的前景,因此开发水蒸发效率高、成本低、可生物降解的光热转化材料对海水淡化技术的发展有着重要的意义。本研究采用纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)为原料,辅以炭黑、胶黏剂等,制备出炭黑/CNF复合光热转化材料,并对其光吸收性能、海水平均蒸发效率、隔热性能进行了研究。结果表明,该材料具有良好的光吸收性能、海水平均蒸发效率和隔热性能。最佳炭黑用量为1. 0%,此时其太阳能总吸收率为92. 05%,海水平均蒸发速率可达到1. 17 kg/(m~2·h),导热系数为0. 05 W/(m·K)。     

锰掺杂ZnS/石墨烯/纤维素复合材料的制备及光催化性能

以硝酸锌(Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O)为锌源,以硫化钠(Na_2S·9H_2O)为硫源,通过一步水热法制备得到未掺杂和锰掺杂的石墨烯(GO)修饰的ZnS量子点,并同步将其负载于纤维素纤维上,得到具有优良光催化性能的纤维素纤维。探究了GO添加量、Mn~(2+)掺杂量对ZnS/GO/纤维素复合材料光催化性能的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)、荧光光谱(PL)、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-vis)对量子点纤维素材料进行分析表征。同时,采用甲基橙(MO)作为光催化底物,探究了纤维素复合材料的光催化性能及循环使用性能。结果表明,在光催化15 min内ZnS/GO/纤维素复合材料可将甲基橙光催化降解完全,而锰掺杂后的复合材料在光催化10 min内就已将甲基橙降解趋于完全;ZnS/GO/纤维素复合材料和Mn:ZnS/GO/纤维素复合材料具有优异的循环使用性能,样品经循环使用10次后,光催化30 min内甲基橙的光催化降解率仍可达到57%。     

基于光蓄热温敏变色织物的制备与性能

为实现纺织品对人体温度的管理与监控,采用纳米铯钨粉作为光蓄热材料,温敏变色微胶囊作为显色材料,构建可见光部分吸收光热转化变色材料,开发具有光蓄热温敏变色性能的Cs0.32WO3/温变染料混色印花织物与Cs0.32WO3/温变染料双面印花织物.扫描电子显微镜与傅里叶红外光谱分析证明温敏变色微胶囊与纳米铯钨粉染料成功在涤纶...     

SA/GO/HBP-NH_2复合气凝胶制备及吸附性研究

以海藻酸钠(SA)、氧化石墨烯(GO)、端氨基超支化聚合物(HBP-NH_2)为基材,采用溶胶-凝胶法和冷冻干燥技术制备了SA/GO/HBP-NH_2复合气凝胶。对复合气凝胶的制备机理、形貌特征、力学性能以及金属离子吸附能力进行了分析与测试。研究结果表明:SA/GO/HBP-NH_2复合气凝胶3组分之间主要通过SA与GO间的氢键及GO与HBP-NH_2间的酰胺键作用而结合,GO-HBP-NH_2均匀地分散在气凝胶体系中。当复合气凝胶体系质量浓度为2.0%,3组分SA、GO、HBP-NH_2质量配比为2.00∶0.06∶0.08时,复合气凝胶的压缩强度可达593.91 kPa,密度为23.06 mg/cm~3,孔隙率为82.09%。在3组分的协同作用下,复合气凝胶对于Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Cd~(2+)这4种金属离子的吸附效果明显优于单一组分的气凝胶材料。     

用于太阳能水蒸发的非织造光热转化材料的制备及性能研究

文章以皮芯结构的聚丙烯/聚乙烯(PP/PE)双组份纤维为原料,通过亲水整理、梳理成网和针刺加固工艺制备了具有一定强力的非织造材料,经超声分散、喷涂、高温热处理将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)负载于非织造材料表面形成非织造光热转化材料,对所得材料进行结构和太阳能水蒸发应用性能测试与分析.结果表明:高温处理后MWCNTs在非...     

氧化石墨烯/二氧化铈-镍铝-层状双金属氢氧化物复合材料制备L-半胱氨酸传感器

采用尿素水解法一步制备氧化石墨烯/二氧化铈掺杂的镍铝层状双金属氢氧化物复合材料（graphene oxide/CeO2-NiAl-layered double hydroxide composite,GO/CeO2-NiAl-LDHs）。采用红外光谱、X-晶体衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜和电化学技术表征了材料的结构和性能。GO/CeO2-NiAl-LDHs为层状结构,具有良好的电化学活性。利用GO/CeO2-NiAl-LDHs修饰充蜡石墨电极制备了L-半胱氨酸（Cys）传感器,Cys的氧化峰电流和其在3×10－7～1×10－6 mol/L的浓度范围内,呈良好的线性关系,该传感器可用于实际样品中Cys的检测。     

基于光热利用的金属有机骨架/石墨烯复合膜对印染废水的再生处理

为促进金属有机骨架(MOF)在印染废水处理中的应用，采用真空抽滤法制备了高性能金属有机骨架/石墨烯光热复合材料，通过界面蒸发方式对印染废水进行再生利用。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和紫外-可见-近红外漫反射光谱仪等手段，对膜材料进行微观结构和光学性能的表征，研究了膜光热性能及废水光热蒸发性能。结果表明：沸石咪唑酯骨架材料ZIF-8改变了石墨烯微观构造并提高了光热转换效率，1个模拟太阳光下，膜表面温度升至97.6℃;印染废水再生处理结果显示，在1.0 kW/m²的光照下，纯水的蒸发速率可达1.34 kg/(m²·h),光热利用率为91.2%,对废水中有机污染物、色度及盐分的截留超过99.6%;复合膜性能稳定，重复使用7次后通量仍无明显降低。通过MOF简单地修饰石墨烯材料，显著提升了二维碳基材料的光热性能，具有较好的印染废水处理应用前景。     

静电纺丝制备氧化石墨烯复合纳米纤维的研究进展

氧化石墨烯（GO）可视为一种非传统形态的软性材料,具有聚合物、胶体、薄膜,以及两性分子的特性。文中综述了近年来国内外通过静电纺丝技术制备氧化石墨烯复合纳米纤维的研究现状,主要介绍了氧化石墨烯-聚丙烯腈（GO/PAN）复合纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯-聚乳酸（GO/PLA）复合纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯-聚偏氟乙烯（GO/PVDF）复合纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯-丝素蛋白-聚乳酸羧基乙酸（GO/SF/PLGA）复合纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯-聚氨酯（GO/PU）复合纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯-纳米氧化锌-蚕丝丝胶（GO/nZnO/SS）复合纳米纤维的研究进展,以及它们在医药领域、过滤材料、水资源处理、压电材料、生物工程等领域的应用。     

耐用多功能光热阻燃织物的制备及应用

为制备日间可自加热且防火性能优异的多功能光热阻燃织物,采用聚多巴胺修饰的芳砜纶非织造布作为亲水基材,Fe₃O₄作为光热功能材料,聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃功能材料,通过浸渍将共沉淀法制备的Fe₃O₄微球借助黏性聚磷酸铵对其包裹功能涂层得到多功能阻燃光热织物。借助扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、时间-温度曲线以及点燃实验对光热阻燃织物的结构和性能进行表征,并观察织物在酸碱溶液放置后的形态以表征阻燃光热织物的耐用性。结果表明,光热阻燃织物在保持良好柔韧性的情况下,兼具Fe₃O₄优异的光热性能和APP的阻燃性能,在日间可升温至60℃以上,初遇火焰时难燃,12 s后离开火源织物自熄,并且在酸碱环境下仍保持良好的形态及耐用性。     

基于染色斜纹棉布的太阳能驱动界面水蒸发体系的研究

使用复配的黑色活性染料上染的斜纹棉布作为光热转换材料,探究染色斜纹棉布的表面形貌、色牢度、光吸收率及润湿性能,然后将染色斜纹棉布与聚苯乙烯泡沫进行组装构建染色斜纹棉布-泡沫水蒸发体系,通过水蒸发试验研究染色斜纹棉布作为光热转换材料的水蒸发性能。结果表明:在1.0 kW/m^2的光学浓度下,染色斜纹棉布-泡沫水蒸发体系的水蒸发速率为1.15 kg/(m^2·h),对应的光热转换效率为79.5%,远高于相同条件下加热整体水域的光热转换效率,并具有良好的稳定性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the