甘草甜素调节U14宫颈癌小鼠免疫功能及诱导凋亡的作用

为探讨甘草甜素调节U14 宫颈癌小鼠免疫功能及诱导凋亡作用,将U14宫颈癌小鼠随机分为模型组、甘草甜素低、中、高剂量组（25、50、100 mg/kg）及环磷酰胺组（25 mg/kg）,另设正常组,每组10只;灌胃给药,1次/d,共21 d。测量各组小鼠瘤体积（最大直径）、瘤质量,计算胸腺指数、脾脏指数,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡指数,实时定量PCR法检测Caspase-3、Bax及Bcl-2 mRNA表达,Western Blot法检测p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达等指标。结果发现,与模型组比较,甘草甜素低、中、高剂量组小鼠瘤体积（最大直径）及瘤质量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,抑瘤率分别为15.68%、25.41%和38.38%;与模型组比较,甘草甜素低、中、高剂量组小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量、凋亡指数、Caspase-3及Bax mRNA表达显著增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而Bcl-2 mRNA及p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。上述结果表明,甘草甜素具有抑制U14宫颈癌小鼠肿瘤生长的作用,该作用与改善免疫功能及诱导凋亡作用有关。     

拐枣多糖对环磷酰胺诱导免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文旨在研究拐枣多糖(Hovenia acerba Lindl.polysaccharide,HAP)对环磷酰胺(CTX)诱导免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。除空白对照组用生理盐水(NS,0.1 m L/10 g)灌胃外,其它各组小鼠于给药的第1、3、5、7、9 d腹腔注射CTX(30 mg/kg)造模。将建模成功体重相近的小鼠随机分为模型组、HAP高、中、低剂量(400、200、100 mg/kg bw)处理组,另设正常对照组。连续灌胃给药28 d,研究HAP对模型小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖、廓清指数、吞噬指数、半数溶血值、血清中IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平和足趾厚度差等指标的影响。结果显示,HAP各剂量均能显著提高模型小鼠脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖作用、廓清指数、吞噬指数、半数溶血值及足趾厚度差(p0.05);HAP低、中、高剂量促使IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平均明显提高(p0.05)。研究结果表明,拐枣多糖对环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠的非特异性免疫和特异性免疫具有增强作用。     

刺梨食用菌发酵液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

目的：探究刺梨食用菌发酵液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。方法：腹腔注射环磷酰胺构建免疫抑制小鼠模型,将小鼠随机分为6组,分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组及刺梨食用菌发酵液(REFB)低、中、高剂量(3.9,7.8,15.6 mL/kg bw)组。灌胃期间每天记录小鼠体质量,连续灌胃30 d后,分别测定各组免疫器官指数,采用CCK-8法测定脾脏T、B淋巴细胞增殖率,流式细胞仪检测脾淋巴细胞分化情况,ELISA法测定脾脏细胞因子含量,以及采用抗氧化试剂盒方法测定各组肝脏及胸腺组织抗氧化能力。结果：与模型对照组相比,REFB各剂量组均能显著提高小鼠免疫器官指数(P<0.05),提高脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖率(P<0.05),促进脾淋巴细胞分化(P<0.05),提高脾脏IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α含量,降低IL-10含量,显著提高肝脏和胸腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。结论：REFB能够有效缓解环磷酰胺对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用,同时提高免疫抑制小鼠的抗氧化功...     

乳源性复合益生菌对CT-26荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用研究

为研究4种乳源性复合益生菌对CT-26荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用的影响,将结肠癌CT-26细胞接种于BALB/C小鼠腋下建立CT-26实体瘤模型。成瘤后随机分为模型组、复合益生菌低剂量组、复合益生菌高剂量组以及5-氟尿嘧啶组,另取正常BALB/C小鼠为正常对照,每组10只。连续给药21 d后,称量肿瘤、胸腺、脾脏重量,并计算抑瘤率、脾脏系数、胸腺系数,HE染色观察小鼠肿瘤组织病理变化,FCM分析荷瘤小鼠T细胞亚群的比例,免疫荧光观察瘤组织Foxp3+Tregs浸润密度,Elisa检测荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ。结果显示乳源性复合益生菌能够减缓CT-26荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长(P<0.05),显著提高荷瘤小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数(P<0.05,P<0.01)。提高CD4+T、CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值（P<0.05,P<0.01）,降低CD8+T细胞数量（P<0.05）,降低Tregs细胞浸润密度,并升高血清中IL-2、IFN-γ等Th1型细胞因子变化(P<0.05),降低IL-10等Th2型细胞因子的表达（P<0.05）。结果表明乳...     

阿拉伯半乳聚糖对2型糖尿病大鼠肠道碱性磷酸酶、细菌内毒素和肠道中细胞因子的影响

本实验以低剂量腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（30 mg/kg）建立糖尿病大鼠模型，建模成功后，连续给予大鼠灌胃阿拉伯半乳聚糖（Arabinogalactan, AG）水溶液（100 mg/kg、500 mg/kg），测定大鼠体质量及血糖变化、粪便中肠道碱性磷酸酶（IAP）的活力及细菌内毒素中脂多糖（LPS）的浓度变化，并通过MSD多因子方法检测肠道中细胞因子浓度的变化。结果表明，与模型组大鼠相比，AG剂量组空腹血糖浓度显著降低（P<0.05），IAP活力显著增加（P<0.05），LPS浓度显著降低（P<0.05），且肠道中促炎因子白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-1（IL-1β）、生长调节致癌基因α（KC/GRO）的浓度显著减少（P<0.05），而抗炎因子白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-5（IL-5）、白介素-10（IL-10）、白介素-13（IL-13）的浓度显著增加（P<0.05）。因此，可以证明AG能够提高IAP活力，降低LPS浓度，调控大鼠细胞因子，进而对2型糖尿病大鼠模型在免疫方面具有一定改善作用。     

色氨酸对应激小鼠抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

探讨色氨酸对应激小鼠5-HT及抗氧化和免疫功能的影响.将80只小鼠随机分为空白组(NC组),应激模型组(CTX组),应激模型组-低剂量色氨酸组(CTX-L组),应激模型组-高剂量色氨酸组(CTX-H组).以腹腔注射环磷酰胺(100mg/kg· bW)3d制造应激模型,并灌胃生理盐水和色氨酸(100、200mg/kg·bW)2周.结果:与对照组相比,模型组血浆MDA无变化,组织MDA含量显著上升:血浆及组织SOD活性显著下降;脾脏GSH-Px显著下降;胸腺指数下降,脾脏指数上升;IFN-γ、IL-6含量有不同程度下降;下丘脑5-HT显著下降;与模型组相比,CTX-L组可显著降低组织MDA含量,CTX-L、CTX-H组血浆SOD活性部分恢复,但对组织SOD无作用;CTX-L及CTX-H组均能显著提高血浆GSH-Px,显著降低心肌的GSH-Px,而对脾脏GSH-Px不显著;CTX-H组可显著提高IFN-γ、IL-6含量;CTX-L,CTX-H组下丘脑5-HT含量显著上升.结论:Trp有助于提高小鼠血浆和组织的抗氧化水平,且在一定程度上增强了机体免疫功能.     

人参果汁浓缩液对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究人参果汁浓缩液对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：72只雄性SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、人参果汁浓缩液（83、166、249、332 mg/kg mb）组,每组12只。模型组和人参果汁浓缩液各剂量组自第1天开始,每日腹腔注射40 mg/kg mb环磷酰胺,连续10 d,空白组腹腔注射等量的磷酸盐缓冲液;同时自第1天开始,人参果汁浓缩液各剂量组每日给予小鼠灌胃20 mL/kg mb不同剂量人参果汁浓缩液,空白组和模型组灌胃等量的蒸馏水,连续15 d后测定小鼠体质量、脾脏和胸腺质量、白细胞数量、淋巴细胞亚群数量、细胞因子表达水平以及免疫细胞核转录因子表达水平。结果：人参果汁浓缩液可改善免疫低下小鼠的脾脏质量/指数,提高免疫低下小鼠外周血细胞数量和免疫器官中淋巴细胞亚群数量,促进免疫低下小鼠细胞因子白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-2、IL-4和IL-17的表达和抑制负调控因子转化生长因子（transforming growth factor,TGF）-β的表达,以及部分恢复免疫细胞核转录因子T细胞中T-box(T-box expressed in...     

非变性I型胶原蛋白对免疫低下大鼠免疫功能的调节作用

该研究旨在观察非变性I型胶原蛋白（Non-denatured type-I collagen,NDC-I）对免疫低下模型大鼠免疫功能的调节作用。动物实验采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺法建立免疫低下大鼠模型,观察NDC-I对大鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数,白细胞计数和分类,血清中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、白介素-2（IL-2）、白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-10（IL-10）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）,脾脏和胸腺的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和组织形态学变化。结果显示,在给予NDC-I干预30 d后,与模型组比较,NDC-I组胸腺指数上升（p<0.05）,白细胞计数显著提高（p<0.01）,血清中IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ和TNF-α含量为43.32 µg/mL、283.32 µg/mL、1827.17 ng/L、135.97 pg/mL、113.87 ng/L、2302.44 pg/mL、469.91 ng/L,水平显著升高（p<0.01）,脾脏中LDH活性显著上升（p<0.01）,脾脏和胸腺组织病理学损伤减轻。结果证明,NDC-I对环磷酰胺致免疫低下大鼠的免疫功能具有一定的调节作用,也为胶原蛋白等相关功能产品的综合开发与充分利用提供了参考依据。     

苦丁茶冬青多糖对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的免疫调节和抗氧化作用

本文通过体外培养小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞研究苦丁茶冬青多糖对正常小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞免疫调节和抗氧化作用的影响。测定了不同浓度的苦丁茶冬青多糖（polysaccharide from Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng）对脾脏淋巴细胞体外增殖能力、抗氧化酶（SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px和CAT）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量及炎性细胞因子（TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-1β）分泌水平的影响。结果显示，小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖与苦丁茶冬青多糖浓度呈正相关，在80和160 μg/mL浓度时，吸光度值分别为0.38和0.41，与空白对照组（0.31）相比具有极显著差异（P<0.01）；SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px和CAT活力随苦丁茶冬青多糖浓度的增加而增强，浓度为160 μg/mL时，抗氧化酶活力分别为4.54 U/mg蛋白、1.06 mmol/mg蛋白、799.01 mU/mg蛋白和806.85 U/mg蛋白，与空白对照组相比具有极显著性差异（P<0.01）；此外，与空白对照组相比，苦丁茶冬青多糖显著降低MDA含量、促进NO分泌和促进脾脏淋巴细胞分泌TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-1β。本研究结果表明苦丁茶冬青多糖可通过促进小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖、增强细胞抗氧化能力及诱导炎性细胞因子分泌等发挥其免疫增强活性，该研究可为苦丁茶冬青的开发和利用提供理论支撑。     

蟾酥水提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究新提取的蟾酥水提取中试产品体内外对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。体内实验设蟾酥水提取物的高(2mg/kg)、中(1mg/kg)、低(0.5mg/kg)剂量组、左旋咪唑组和生理盐水组,连续腹腔注射给药3d后分别测定小鼠脾脏和胸腺指数、血液白细胞分类计数、血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-12和IFN-γ浓度和脾淋巴细胞体外增殖能力;无菌分离健康小鼠的脾淋巴细胞进行体外培养,加入不同质量浓度的蟾酥水提取物(20、10、5μg/ml),协同LPS或Con A共同孵育48h后,采用MTT法测定脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和ELISA法测定脾淋巴细胞上清液中的IL-2、IL-12、IL-4和IFN-γ含量。该蟾酥水提取物能协同Con A和LPS促进脾T、B淋巴细胞的体外增殖能力(P0.01),促进免疫器官生长。明显提高小鼠血清和脾淋巴细胞上清液中IL-2、IL-4、IL-12和IFN-γ水平(P0.01)。该蟾酥水提取物中试产品通过促进小鼠免疫细胞的增殖活性和细胞因子的分泌水平而发挥其免疫调节作用。     

Effects of age and nutrition on expression of CD25, CD44, and L-selectin (CD62L) on T-cells from neonatal calves

Effects of the plane of nutrition and age on the proliferation and activation of lymphocyte subsets from milk replacer-fed calves were investigated in vitro. Holstein calves were fed a standard (0.45 kg/d of a 20% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer, n = 4) or intensified (1.14 kg/d of a 28% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer, n = 4) diet from 1 to 8 wk of age. Average daily weight gain of intensified-diet (0.66 kg/d) calves was greater than that of standard-diet (0.27 kg/d) calves. Relative to the pokeweed mitogen-induced responses of CD4⁺ cells from steers (5 to 6 mo of age), CD4⁺ cells from 1-wk-old calves showed decreased proliferative activity, delayed increase in CD25 expression, and no demonstrable increase in CD44 expression or decrease in CD62L expression. Calf CD8⁺ and γδT-cell receptor⁺ cells, unlike T-cells from the older animals, did not demonstrate decreased expression of CD62L after stimulation with mitogen. The increased expression of CD44 by mitogen-stimulated γδT-cell receptor⁺ cells from older animals was not seen in γδT-cell receptor⁺ cells from 1-wk-old calves. At wk 8 of age, mitogen-induced proliferation and expression of activation antigens by T-cells from standard-fed calves were similar to responses of T-cells from steers indicating rapid maturation of T-cell function during the neonatal period. Feeding calves an intensified milk replacer was associated with decreased proliferation of mitogen-stimulated CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and γδT-cell receptor⁺ cells; decreased CD25 expression by mitogen-stimulated CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells; and decreased CD44 expression by mitogen-stimulated CD8⁺ cells. These results indicate that the functional capacity of the calf's T-cell population becomes more adult-like during the first weeks of life and suggest that nutrition modulates T-cell function during this period of immune maturation.     

“江山”牌卷烟对小鼠免疫功能、SOD及LPO的影响

研究了"江山"牌卷烟对小鼠免疫功能、及对小鼠肝脏组织过氧化脂质(LPO)含量和超过氧化物酶(SOD)活性的影响。通过给小鼠染毒,观察"江山"牌卷烟对小鼠网状内皮系统吞噬廓清能力、对二硝基氟苯(DNFB)所致迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素抗体的影响,采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定小鼠肝脏组织中LPO含量和SOD活性。结果表明"江山"牌卷烟可明显拮抗对照卷烟对小鼠DNFB诱导迟发型超敏反应的抑制作用,提高小鼠溶血素水平,小鼠肝组织中SOD的活性明显升高,LPO含量明显降低。与对照卷烟比较,"江山"牌卷烟可能具有提高小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves

The effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of dairy calves during the preweaning phase were investigated in this study. Twelve Holstein male calves 7 ± 1 d of age were randomly allotted to 2 treatments of 6 calves. The Bacillus subtilis natto was mixed with milk and fed directly to the calves. The calves were weaned when their starter intake reached 2% of their weight. Blood was collected and IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and cytokine levels in the serum of all the calves were determined. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis natto increased general performance by improving the average daily gain and feed efficiency and advanced the weaning age of the calves. No difference was observed in serum IgE, IgA, and IgM, whereas serum IgG was higher in the Bacillus subtilis natto-supplemented calves than in the control calves. Furthermore, calves fed with Bacillus subtilis natto were found to secrete more IFN-γ, but tended to produce less IL-4 than did the control calves, although serum IL-6 and IL-10 were not affected. This study demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis natto did not stimulate IgE-mediated allergic reactions, but increased serum IgG and IFN-γ levels in the probiotic-fed calves. We propose that the viable probiotic characteristics of Bacillus subtilis natto benefit calf immune function.     

Changes in conception rate, calving performance, and calf health and survival from the use of crossbred Jersey x Holstein sires as mates for Holstein dams

Differences in conception rates in matings of Holstein sires or F₁ Jersey × Holstein sires to Holstein dams in the University of Wisconsin-Madison experimental herd were evaluated, as were differences in birth weight, dystocia, serum protein, serum IgG, fecal consistency, respiratory disease, and perinatal and pre-weaning mortality among the resulting calves. When mated to randomly chosen, lactating Holstein cows, Holstein sires (n = 74) and crossbred sires (n = 7) did not differ in male fertility. Calves from Holstein sires and multiparous Holstein dams (n = 99) were 1.9 kg heavier than calves from crossbred sires and multiparous Holstein dams (n = 211), leading to greater likelihood (odds ratio of 1.24) of dystocia. Furthermore, calves from crossbred sires and multiparous Holstein dams had higher serum protein and serum IgG levels between 24 and 72 h of age, as well as lower rates of perinatal and preweaning morality than calves from Holstein sires and multiparous or primiparous Holstein dams. Mean fecal consistency scores from birth to 7 d of age and number of days with scours also tended to be lower among calves from crossbred sires, compared with calves from Holstein sires. No differences were observed in the incidence or severity of respiratory disease. Results of this study suggest that introduction of Jersey genes via crossbreeding may lead to a reduction in dystocia and improvements in calf health and survival in Holstein herds. Future studies should address other traits related to dairy farm profitability, including milk composition, female fertility, longevity, feed efficiency, and resistance to infectious and metabolic diseases.     

Effect of injectable trace mineral supplementation on peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte function,antioxidant enzymes,health, and performance in dairy cows in semi-arid conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous injections of 15 mg/mL Cu, 5 mg/mL Se, 60 mg/mL Zn, and 10 mg/mL Mn on health, performance, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function, circulating glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations, and inflammation of dairy cows undergoing the transition period in high temperature-humidity index. A total of 923 multiparous cows from 2 commercial dairy farms were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 treatment groups as follows: control and injectable trace mineral supplementation (ITMS). Cows in the ITMS group received 7 mL of subcutaneous injections at dry-off (208 ± 3 d of gestation), 260 ± 3 d of gestation, and at 35 ± 3 d in milk (DIM). Data regarding health traits, reproductive performance, milk yield, and survivability were extracted from farm database software, and animals were followed-up until 300 DIM. For a subset of 142 cows from one herd, blood samples were collected at enrollment, and at 3 ± 1, 7 ± 1, 10 ± 1, and 35 ± 3 DIM to evaluate hematology, PMNL function, GPx and SOD concentrations, and circulating haptoglobin. Logistic regression was used to assess health and pregnancy per artificial insemination at first service. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate hazard of pregnancy and culling. Mixed linear regression models accounting for repeated measures were used to assess all continuous variables collected over time. Parity, twinning, and previous gestation length were considered as potential confounders. Farm was included as a random effect. The ITMS cows tended to have lower incidence of metritis and stillbirth compared with control group. However, ITMS treatment did not influence the incidence of other diseases (e.g., mastitis, retained placenta), milk yield, reproductive performance, culling, and leukocyte count. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, PMNL phagocytosis, and oxidative burst as well as intensity of the oxidative burst were greater for ITMS-treated cows in comparison to control cows. The ITMS cows had decreased expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin on PMNL surface. The serum concentration of GPx and SOD were not affected by ITMS treatment. In conclusion, ITMS tended to reduce the incidence of metritis and stillbirth parturition, improved PMNL function, and improved the inflammatory status of dairy cows undergoing the transition period in high temperature-humidity index conditions. However, these findings did not translate into improved milk yield, reproductive performance, and survivability.     

低聚半乳糖增强免疫力功能研究

低聚半乳糖的人体推荐剂量5g/人/日。采用清洁级雌性小鼠,雌性小鼠,192只,体重19g24g。分别按推荐日摄入量(83.3mg/kgBW)的1、10、30倍即83.3、833、2500mg/kgBW为三个剂量组。同时另设阴性对照组,按0.1mL/10gBW经口灌胃,每天一次,连续30d 41d。阴性对照组给予去离子水。试验方法:小鼠分为四批,每批48只,其中第一批为免疫器官重量、迟发型变态反应(DTH)、抗体形成细胞数(PFC)、血清半数溶血值(HC50)试验;第二批为腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能试验;第三批为碳廓清试验;第四批进行小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验和NK细胞活性测定。将每批动物再随机分为四组,每组12只。按设计剂量每天灌胃一次,连续30 41d,于末次给予受试物后对动物进行各项免疫指标测定。结果显示:细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞功能三方面结果为阳性,认为低聚半乳糖具有增强免疫力的作用。     

Effect of tea saponins on milk performance,milk fatty acids,and immune function in dairy cow

This study investigated the effects of tea saponins (TSP) on milk performance, milk fatty acids, and blood immune function in dairy cows. A total of 20 early-lactation Holstein cows (days in milk = 66.4 ± 16.8 d; parity = 1.75 ± 0.91; and milk yield = 36.3 ± 7.32 kg/d; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly divided into 4 homogeneous treatment groups, with TSP added at 0, 20, 30, and 40 g/d per head, respectively. All cows had 2 wk of adaptation and 6 wk of treatments. Feed, milk, and blood were sampled and analyzed weekly. At the end of the experimental period (wk 6), the dry matter intake and yields of energy-corrected milk, milk, and milk protein, fat, and lactose in the cows fed TSP showed a quadratic response, with the lowest values in cows fed TSP at 40 g/d. The milk fat content of cows fed TSP increased linearly. Significant interactions for treatment by week were found in milk C16:1 cis-9 and C18:1 cis-9, with the highest values at wk 2, 3, and 4 in the cows fed TSP at 40 g/d. The levels declined quickly after 4 wk of feeding to values similar to those for other TSP treatments and the control at wk 5 and 6. Plasma malondialdehyde concentration decreased as the supplement level of TSP increased. The concentration of superoxide dismutase increased as the supplement level of TSP increased. The plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α increased as the supplement level of TSP increased. In summary, this study showed that an intermediate dose of TSP (20 and 30 g/d) had no significant effect on feed intake, but the supplementation of 40 g/d TSP decreased feed intake, resulting in a lower milk yield. The energy-corrected milk of cows fed 40 g/d TSP declined at first but increased after 3 wk of feeding, indicating the potential adaptation to high doses of TSP supplements in dairy cows. The supplementation of TSP could reduce oxidative stress in cows and improve the immunity of dairy cows during 6 wk of feeding.     

Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on biochemical,hematological, and immunological variables of dairy cows during the transition period

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E as well as their interaction on biochemical and hematological variables and on leukocyte populations and their functionality. We assigned 59 German Holstein cows between the 2nd and 9th lactation to 4 dietary groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design with the factors CLA and vitamin E. Six weeks before calving the cows had a BCS of 3.7 to provoke a higher risk of developing ketosis, which might impair their immune function. Blood samples for analyses were taken on d ?42, ?14, ?7, ?3, 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56, and 70 relative to parturition. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured on d ?42, ?7, 1, 7, 14, 28, and 70 relative to calving. Most variables were characterized by a high variation between d 7 antepartum and d 7 postpartum. Treatments did not elicit any effect, with the exception of vitamin E, which increased serum urea concentrations and decreased monocyte percentages. Haptoglobin, aspartate-aminotransferase, red blood cell count, leukocyte percentage and populations, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells were influenced by parity. In conclusion, the impairment of immune function caused by calving was more severe in cows in ≥3rd parity than in younger cows. However, neither vitamin E nor CLA supplementation was successful to stabilize parity or parturition related variance in hematological and immunological traits.     

姜黄素对肉鸡免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

选择1日龄爱拔益加(AA)商品肉鸡135只,随机分成3个组(A、B、C组),每组设3个重复,每个重复15只。A组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C组分别在每1 kg基础日粮中添加姜黄素250和500 mg,以研究其对肉鸡免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,姜黄素能显著促进肉鸡胸腺的生长发育(P<0.05),能明显增加血清中免疫球蛋白IgG的含量(P<0.05),提高T-淋巴细胞数和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05),增强白细胞吞噬功能(P<0.05);但对法氏囊的生长发育没有明显作用。同时,姜黄素能显著提高肉仔鸡血清中SOD(P<0.05)、GSH-Px(P<0.05)和CAT活力(P<0.05),并能明显降低血清中MDA含量(P<0.05)。     

乳铁传递蛋白:功能卓越的乳生物活性蛋白

乳铁蛋白是一种铁结合的糖蛋白,是具有多种生物功能的乳生物活性蛋白,具有非常重要的科学研究价值.在过去的二十年中,乳铁蛋白的各种生物功能已被深入研究和报道.从最初发现的抗微生物活性,到调节铁的吸收与代谢、免疫调节、促进细胞增长等其他功能,增强宿主的防御能力.乳铁蛋白可以作为预防和治疗人类多种疾病的药物在防止感染和抵抗病毒,抑制肿瘤发生与转移等方面发挥作用.本文概括了乳铁蛋白在抗菌、抗氧化,免疫调节,抗癌等方面的生物功能以及作用机理.