猴头菇多糖生物学功能研究

利用“水提醇沉”的方法从猴头菇中提取多糖,经过初步纯化,进行免疫调节功能和抗氧化功能研究.实验结果显示,猴头菇多糖可以明显提高小鼠血清溶菌酶的含量,具有明显增强小鼠腹腔巨嗜细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬功能,也能够明显提高幼年小鼠的胸腺指数.同时,发现猴头菇多糖可以有效地提高小鼠大脑和肝脏的SOD、CAT的含量,可以有效地降低小鼠大脑和肝脏的MDA的含量.这些结果都表明:猴头菇多糖是一个良好的免疫功能增强剂和一种良好的抗氧化物质,开发和应用前景极佳.     

猴头菇多糖对小鼠血清抗氧化能力的影响

利用"水提醇沉"的方法,提取纯化得到了猴头菇多糖,初步研究了对小鼠血清抗氧化能力的影响作用。通过研究猴头菇多糖对小鼠血清中SOD、CAT、MDA含量的影响作用之后,发现:与正常对照组相比较,猴头菇多糖可以明显地提高小鼠血清中SOD、CAT的含量,而且提高作用与多糖剂量正相关;同时,猴头菇多糖可以有效地降低小鼠血清中MDA的含量,而且,降低作用与多糖的剂量负相关。     

猴头菇多糖功能活性及新产品开发的研究进展

猴头菇多糖（Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide,HEP）是一种集多种作用于一身的功能性多糖,具有养胃、抗氧化、抗衰老、提高免疫力、抗肿瘤与降血糖血脂等生理功能,应用前景广泛。现阶段对猴头菇多糖的结构、提取工艺、生物活性方面的研究较为全面,充分利用其功能活性,对研究开发新产品尤为重要。该文综述猴头菇多糖的提取方法和不同提取方法之间的区别、功能活性及新产品开发,以期为猴头菇多糖的进一步深入研究和开发利用提供理论参考。     

猴头菇多糖对D-半乳糖小鼠体内抗氧化作用的研究

研究猴头菇多糖的体内抗氧化活性。通过颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖,制备衰老小鼠模型,测定猴头菇多糖对D-半乳糖小鼠血清及肝脏组织内总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及蛋白质羰基含量的影响。结果表明,D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠血清及肝脏内T-SOD、GSH含量显著降低(P0.01),MDA与蛋白质羰基含量明显升高(P0.01),猴头菇多糖可以显著提高D-半乳糖小鼠血清和肝脏内T-SOD、GSH含量,降低MDA与蛋白质羰基含量,对D-半乳糖小鼠,猴头菇多糖表现出良好的体内抗氧化作用。     

酵母多糖的提取、组分分析及对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 研究啤酒废酵母多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 以啤酒废酵母为材料,用柠檬酸法提取酵母多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,纸层析鉴定多糖组分.随机将18月龄的雄性小鼠分为2组,一组每天定时灌胃1%多糖1.0 mL,一组灌胃等量生理盐水,连续30 d.结果 2组小鼠的碳颗粒校正廓清指数、肝脏和脾脏指数以及组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量有显著差异.结论 酵母多糖可促进小鼠免疫器官生长,增强小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;可显著提高SOD、CAT活性,减少肝脏、脾脏中MDA的含量.     

酵母多糖的提取、组分分析及对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究啤酒废酵母多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法以啤酒废酵母为材料,用柠檬酸法提取酵母多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,纸层析鉴定多糖组分。随机将18月龄的雄性小鼠分为2组,一组每天定时灌胃1％多糖1．0mL,一组灌胃等量生理盐水,连续30d。结果2组小鼠的碳颗粒校正廓清指数、肝脏和脾脏指数以及组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量有显著差异。结论酵母多糖可促进小鼠免疫器官生长,增强小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;可显著提高SOD、CAT活性,减少肝脏、脾脏中MDA的含量。     

酵母多糖的提取、组分分析及对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究啤酒废酵母多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法以啤酒废酵母为材料,用柠檬酸法提取酵母多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,纸层析鉴定多糖组分。随机将18月龄的雄性小鼠分为2组,一组每天定时灌胃1%多糖1.0 mL,一组灌胃等量生理盐水,连续30 d。结果2组小鼠的碳颗粒校正廓清指数、肝脏和脾脏指数以及组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量有显著差异。结论酵母多糖可促进小鼠免疫器官生长,增强小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;可显著提高SOD、CAT活性,减少肝脏、脾脏中MDA的含量。     

琐琐葡萄多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨琐琐葡萄多糖(VTP)对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：经热水提取、乙醇沉淀提取得到VTP,采用苯酚- 硫酸法测定多糖含量,应用环磷酰胺制备免疫低下小鼠模型,通过测定给药后小鼠脾脏及胸腺指数、抗体分泌细胞功能、血清溶血素水平和脾淋巴细胞转化功能,研究VTP 对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果：提取得到VTP 粗品并测得其中多糖含量为20.68%,RSD 为1.93%;与模型组相比,VTP 可增加免疫低下模型小鼠脾脏的质量,有效促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化功能,明显改善小鼠抗体分泌细胞的功能,并可使红细胞半数溶血值显著增高。结论：VTP 对免疫低下模型小鼠的体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能具有一定的保护作用。     

人参茎叶多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究了热水浸提法从人参茎叶中提取水溶性多糖.体内实验测定小鼠免疫器官指数,体外实验测定腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红(3-氨基-6甲氨基-2甲基吩嗪盐酸盐)能力,并采用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力.结果表明,人参茎叶多糖含量为81.67%.体内、外实验显示,人参茎叶多糖能增加小鼠免疫器官的总质量并能明显提高腹腔巨噬细胞奋噬能力及脾细胞增殖能力.     

色氨酸对应激小鼠抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

探讨色氨酸对应激小鼠5-HT及抗氧化和免疫功能的影响.将80只小鼠随机分为空白组(NC组),应激模型组(CTX组),应激模型组-低剂量色氨酸组(CTX-L组),应激模型组-高剂量色氨酸组(CTX-H组).以腹腔注射环磷酰胺(100mg/kg· bW)3d制造应激模型,并灌胃生理盐水和色氨酸(100、200mg/kg·bW)2周.结果:与对照组相比,模型组血浆MDA无变化,组织MDA含量显著上升:血浆及组织SOD活性显著下降;脾脏GSH-Px显著下降;胸腺指数下降,脾脏指数上升;IFN-γ、IL-6含量有不同程度下降;下丘脑5-HT显著下降;与模型组相比,CTX-L组可显著降低组织MDA含量,CTX-L、CTX-H组血浆SOD活性部分恢复,但对组织SOD无作用;CTX-L及CTX-H组均能显著提高血浆GSH-Px,显著降低心肌的GSH-Px,而对脾脏GSH-Px不显著;CTX-H组可显著提高IFN-γ、IL-6含量;CTX-L,CTX-H组下丘脑5-HT含量显著上升.结论:Trp有助于提高小鼠血浆和组织的抗氧化水平,且在一定程度上增强了机体免疫功能.     

阿里红多糖组分对RAW264.7巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

目的研究阿里红多糖(Fomes Officinals polysaccharide,FOPS)及其组分FOPS-a、FOPS-b对RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。方法以小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞为研究对象,不同浓度(50~1600μg/m L)FOPS、FOPS-a、FOPS-b干预后,用cck-8试剂盒测定细胞活力,中性红法测定其吞噬活性,NO试剂盒测定NO的含量,ELISA试剂盒测定TNF-α和IL-1β释放能力。结果 FOPS、FOPS-a、FOPS-b在一定的浓度范围内可以提高RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖活性、吞噬活性、一氧化氮以及TNF-α、IL-1β的释放量。结论 FOPS、FOPS-a、FOPS-b一定浓度范围内具有良好的增强RAW264.7巨噬细胞免疫功能的作用。     

人参果汁浓缩液对环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 研究人参果汁浓缩液对环磷酰胺致小鼠免疫损伤的作用及其可能机制。方法 将72只SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成空白对照组、环磷酰胺组、阳性药物组、人参果汁浓缩液低、中、高剂量组（83、166、249 mg/kg）,每组12只。第1~14天,人参果汁浓缩液3个剂量组小鼠灌胃相应的人参果汁浓缩液,空白对照组和环磷酰胺组小鼠灌胃等量的水;第1~7天,阳性药物组小鼠灌胃等量的水,第8~14天,阳性药物组小鼠灌胃20 mg/kg盐酸左旋咪唑（LH）;第12~14天,环磷酰胺组、阳性药物组和人参果汁浓缩液各剂量组小鼠腹腔注射80 mg/kg环磷酰胺,空白对照组腹腔注射等量的生理盐水。实验结束后,计算小鼠脾脏指数、测定小鼠外周血白细胞（WBC）、淋巴细胞（LYM）和LYM%以及检测小鼠血清和脾脏中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性、小鼠脾脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果 各组小鼠体质量比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与空白对照组比较,环磷酰胺组小鼠脾脏指数降低（P<0.01）、外周血WBC、LYM和LYM%降低（P<0.05）、血清和脾脏中ACP活性降低（P<0.05）或呈降低趋势、脾脏中SOD、CAT活性降低、MDA含量升高（P<0.05）;与环磷酰胺组比较,人参果汁浓缩液各剂量组脾脏指数升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）、人参果汁浓缩液低、高剂量组LYM%升高（P<0.05）、人参果汁浓缩液各剂量组血清和脾脏组织中ACP活性呈升高趋势或升高（P<0.05）、人参果汁浓缩液低剂量组SOD和CAT活性呈升高趋势、人参果汁浓缩液各剂量组MDA含量降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 人参果汁浓缩液在一定程度上可改善环磷酰胺引起的小鼠免疫损伤作用,可能与减轻小鼠免疫器官氧化损伤作用相关。     

乳酸菌联合酿酒酵母发酵对龙须菜多糖结构特征及抗氧化性的影响

为明确微生物发酵对龙须菜浆液多糖体外抗氧化活性的改善效果,以期为龙须菜的高值化利用提供理论参考。采用乳酸菌副干酪乳杆菌亚种RP38与酿酒酵母JJ4复合发酵龙须菜浆液,利用色谱及光谱分析技术解析了龙须菜多糖的结构变化,考察了发酵前后浆液多糖的自由基清除能力。研究结果表明,龙须菜经发酵后浆液多糖质量分数由0.30%提高至0.79%,其中硫酸酯多糖质量分数由0.03%提高至0.12%。多糖的凝胶渗透色谱及红外光谱研究结果表明,微生物发酵不改变龙须菜多糖的官能基团,但可降解龙须菜多糖分子质量,进而使其结构暴露出更多的硫酸酯基团。核磁共振扫描发现,硫酸酯多糖的硫酸酯主要分布在半乳糖的C-6位,微生物发酵并不改变硫酸酯在糖链上的分布位置,但可以提高硫酸酯的含量。进一步研究发现,发酵后的龙须菜浆液多糖的羟自由基清除能力提高了5.33%,超氧阴离子自由基清除能力提高了32.12%。龙须菜浆液发酵后多糖抗氧化活性提高可能与生成更强给氢能力的小分子多糖以及硫酸酯基团暴露量增多有关。     

春生田头菇粗多糖超声辅助提取及抗氧化性测定

目的:为高效利用洞庭湖特色芦苇食用菌资源,开发食用菌多糖功能性食品。方法:以芦苇食用菌春生田头菇为试验原料,以多糖提取率为指标,采用超声辅助热水提取法进行粗多糖提取,以液料比、超声时间、超声功率、热水浸提温度、热水浸提时间为单因素条件进行试验,依据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计建立数学模型,优化春生田头菇粗多糖的提取工艺条件,并考察春生田头菇粗多糖对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力。结果:结合实际,最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶50 (g/mL)、超声提取时间20 min、超声功率150 W、热水浸提温度80℃、热水浸提时间4 h。在此工艺条件下,春生田头菇粗多糖提取率为5.08%。提取的粗多糖对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除率分别为55.05%,58.47%,半抑制浓度IC₅₀为1.03,0.28 mg/mL。结论:春生田头菇多糖在超声辅助热水提取法最佳工艺参数下,提取得率较高,同时该粗多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化能力。     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves

The effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of dairy calves during the preweaning phase were investigated in this study. Twelve Holstein male calves 7 ± 1 d of age were randomly allotted to 2 treatments of 6 calves. The Bacillus subtilis natto was mixed with milk and fed directly to the calves. The calves were weaned when their starter intake reached 2% of their weight. Blood was collected and IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and cytokine levels in the serum of all the calves were determined. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis natto increased general performance by improving the average daily gain and feed efficiency and advanced the weaning age of the calves. No difference was observed in serum IgE, IgA, and IgM, whereas serum IgG was higher in the Bacillus subtilis natto-supplemented calves than in the control calves. Furthermore, calves fed with Bacillus subtilis natto were found to secrete more IFN-γ, but tended to produce less IL-4 than did the control calves, although serum IL-6 and IL-10 were not affected. This study demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis natto did not stimulate IgE-mediated allergic reactions, but increased serum IgG and IFN-γ levels in the probiotic-fed calves. We propose that the viable probiotic characteristics of Bacillus subtilis natto benefit calf immune function.     

砂仁多糖对小麦淀粉理化性质及消化特性的影响

[目的]探究砂仁多糖对小麦淀粉体系的作用机理,揭示砂仁多糖对小麦淀粉品质形成影响的量效关系。[方法]通过制备砂仁多糖—小麦淀粉复配体系,研究砂仁多糖添加量对小麦淀粉糊化特性、流变特性、热力学特性、结晶结构及消化特性的影响。[结果]砂仁多糖可提高小麦淀粉复配体系的黏度和糊化温度,减少糊化过程中直链淀粉浸出,降低小麦淀粉糊化过程中结晶区的破坏程度,延缓糊化过程。当砂仁多糖添加量为1.00%时,复配体系崩解值为299 mPa·s,回生值为532 mPa·s、糊化焓为666.29 J/g,此时抗老化效果最佳且稳定性最好。红外光谱分析表明,砂仁多糖与小麦间通过氢键相互作用,当砂仁多糖添加量为1.00%时,氢键作用最强。体外模拟消化结果显示,砂仁多糖可以抑制小麦淀粉消化。[结论]添加砂仁多糖可有效提高小麦淀粉的热稳定性,降低小麦淀粉的消化率。     

Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171, a cheese starter,regulates proliferation and cytokine production of immune cells

Consumption of a Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171)-containing cheese has been reported to exhibit immunoregulatory actions, including an increase in regulatory T cell population and reduction in proinflammatory cytokine production in mice. We examined the in vitro effects of LH2171 cells per se on immune cell function, specifically proliferation and cytokine production, which are primary reactions of the immune response. Immune cell fractions were prepared by mechanical disruption of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), Peyer’s patches (PP), and spleens (SP) of mice. The cell fractions were dispensed into a culture plate and stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibody beads in place of antigen-presenting cells or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of heat-treated LH2171 cells and other bacterial strains for comparison. After incubation, proliferation, cytokine production, and cell viability of the immune cells were determined. The LH2171 significantly inhibited the proliferation of MLN immune cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 compared with other bacterial strains. The antiproliferative potency of LH2171 was effective not only on MLN but also on PP and SP stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 or LPS. The LH2171 also decreased LPS-stimulated IL-6 production from MLN, PP, and SP, and IL-1β production from SP, but LH2171 did not affect the viability of immune cells. The LH2171 inhibited immune cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1β) production. The inhibitory actions were not due to cytotoxicity to immune cells, suggesting that LH2171 is a dairy Lactobacillus strain with beneficial immunoregulatory properties.     

“江山”牌卷烟对小鼠免疫功能、SOD及LPO的影响

研究了"江山"牌卷烟对小鼠免疫功能、及对小鼠肝脏组织过氧化脂质(LPO)含量和超过氧化物酶(SOD)活性的影响。通过给小鼠染毒,观察"江山"牌卷烟对小鼠网状内皮系统吞噬廓清能力、对二硝基氟苯(DNFB)所致迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素抗体的影响,采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定小鼠肝脏组织中LPO含量和SOD活性。结果表明"江山"牌卷烟可明显拮抗对照卷烟对小鼠DNFB诱导迟发型超敏反应的抑制作用,提高小鼠溶血素水平,小鼠肝组织中SOD的活性明显升高,LPO含量明显降低。与对照卷烟比较,"江山"牌卷烟可能具有提高小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

姬松茸多糖组成结构及提取技术研究进展

概述了姬松茸多糖的组成结构及功能特性,列举和比较了多糖提取技术的研究实例及各提取方法的特点,指出了当前姬松茸多糖研究存在基础研究不系统、工艺条件不成熟、设备设施不完善、专种专用程度不高等问题,并对姬松茸多糖研究方向进行了展望。     

Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and B- and T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches of the ileum, in thymus and in lymph nodes of preterm calves, and in full-term calves at birth and on day 5 of life

Peyer's patches, thymus, and lymph nodes contain the majority of lymphocytes. We have studied proliferation rates, apoptosis rates, and numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches in ileum, thymus, and mesenterial and prescapular lymph nodes (LM and LP) in unfed preterm calves (GrP; born 13 d before expected normal term after dams were injected with prostaglandin F2alpha and glucocorticoids) and normal-term calves (GrF) immediately after birth and on d 5 of life after feeding colostrum for 4 d (GrC). Immunohistochemical methods in conjunction with incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling were used to evaluate cell proliferation rates and apoptosis rates, respectively. The number of T- and B-lymphocytes was determined with monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3 and CD79, respectively. In GrF compared with GrP, there were higher numbers of proliferating and apoptotic cells in LM and LP, of B-lymphocytes in paracortex and follicles of LM and LP, and of proliferating cells in cortex and medulla of thymus. In thymus cortex and medulla, numbers of proliferating cells were higher in GrC than in GrF. Apoptotic rates were generally smaller at all sites of Peyer's patches in GrC than in GrF, and proliferation rates increased from GrP to GrF in intrafollicular areas and from GrF to GrC in all tissues. Numbers of T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches were higher in GrF than in GrP, but lower in GrC than in GrF, except in the domes. Numbers of B-lymphocytes did not change in Peyer's patches despite high proliferation and low apoptotic rates, suggesting that they leave Peyer's patches during the first days of life. In conclusion, proliferation and apoptosis rates and numbers of B- and T- lymphocytes in Peyer's patches in ileum, thymus, and LM and LP exhibited different developmental changes and were affected by feeding.