Phase Transformation and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrahigh Strength Steel

The present study deals with the development of a low carbon high strength steel by thermomechanical controlled processing on a pilot scale.The continuous cooling transformation has yielded a flat top "C" curve with the phase field occupied by a mixture of bainite and martensite.The microstructure of water quenched steel essentially consists of highly dislocated lath martensite along with fine (Ti,Nb)CN precipitates and twins.High strength steel with 1217-1298 MPa yield strength and 1372-1513 MPa ultimate tensile strength along with 16-12% total elongation has been obtained in the range of 850 to 750℃ finish rolling temperature.The impact toughness value in the range of 45-72J was also achieved in the present steel.     

Ti微合金化高强度热轧带钢组织性能及强化机理

The continuous cooling transformation behavior, the effect of coiling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties, and strengthening mechanisms of Ti microalloyed high strength hot strip steel were systematically investigated by thermal simulation testing machine, laboratory rolling mill, SEM and HR-TEM. The dynamic CCT curve was established. The results show that the austenite to ferrite and pearlite transformation takes place when the cooling rate is less than 1??/s. The austenite to bainite transformation accompanied with austenite to ferrite and pearlite transformation takes place when the cooling rate is in the range of 5 ??/s to 10 ??/s. The bainitic transformation temperature is about 600??. The amount of granular bainite decreases, while the amount of lath bainite increases with the increase of cooling rate in the range of 20??/s to 50??/s. Furthermore, the study on the effect of coiling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of experimental steel has shown that the strength and plasticity of tested steel are improved with decreasing the coiling temperature. When the coiling temperature is 550?棬the experimental steel possesses optimal mechanical properties owing to the grain refinement and precipitation of nano-scale TiC particles. And the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of tested steel were 742MPa, 683MPa and 22??5%, respectively.     

变形参数对低碳微合金钢奥氏体相变规律的影响

利用Gleeble-3800热/力模拟试验机,研究了1种低碳微合金钢的形变奥氏体连续冷却转变行为以及终轧温度、终轧变形量对相变组织形态的影响。结果表明,实验钢在研究的冷速范围内均可得到一定量的贝氏体组织。随着冷速的增加,冷速达到50℃/s时,贝氏体组织由粒状贝氏体逐渐过渡到板条状贝氏体。在较快的冷速下,随终轧温度的降低或终轧变形量的减小,贝氏体转变开始与结束温度均降低,获得的贝氏体具有不同的组织形态。     

Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thermomechanically Processed Ultrahigh-Strength Steel

In the present study, low carbon microalloyed ultrahigh-strength steel was manufactured on a pilot scale. Transformation of the aforesaid steel during continuous cooling was assessed. The steel sample was thermomechanically processed followed by air cooling and water quenching. Variation in microstructure and mechanical properties at different finish rolling temperatures (FRTs) was studied. A mixture of granular bainite and bainitic ferrite along with interlath and intralath precipitation of (Ti, Nb)CN particles is the characteristic microstructural feature of air-cooled steel. On the other hand, lath martensitic structure along with a similar type of microalloying precipitates of air-cooled steels is obtained in the case of water-quenched steel also. The best combination of strength (1440 to 1538 MPa) and ductility (11 to 16 pct) was achieved for the selected range of FRTs of water-quenched steel.     

Effects of Carbon Variation on Microstructure Evolution in Weld Heat-Affected Zone of Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steels

We investigated the effects of C concentration variation from 0.028 to 0.058 wt pct on microstructure of the coarse grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of low heat input girth welded Ti-Nb microalloyed steels by using electron microscope and atom probe tomography. It is found that the CGHAZ microstructure exhibits a systematic response to C variation. Increased C raises the temperature for precipitation of NbC. This leads to coarser (Ti, Nb)N-Nb(C, N) but finer delayed strain-induced NbC in the high-C steel than in the low-C steel. Fine strain-induced NbC are ineffective in preventing austenite grain coarsening in CGHAZ due to their fast dissolution upon heating. For a given inter-particle spacing originally determined by (Ti, Nb)N particles, increased epitaxial growth of Nb(C, N) on pre-existing (Ti, Nb)N in the high-C steel results in a smaller austenite grain size of 34 µm in the CGHAZ of the high-C steel than that of 52 µm in the low-C steel. Increased C promotes a microstructure consisting of bainitic lath structure with C Cottrell atmospheres at dislocation debris and martensitic layers of 30 to 100 nm in thickness at inter-lath boundaries in the CGHAZ. Increased C promotes configuration of crystallographic variants belonging to different Bain groups in the neighbors, preferentially twin-related variant pairs within a bainite packet.

     

高铌X80管线钢焊接粗晶区组织和性能研究

采用焊接热模拟技术对高铌X80管线钢进行了热模拟试验,研究了在不同焊接热模拟工艺下贝氏体组织的转变及冲击韧性的变化.结果表明:在不同的焊接热循环条件下,焊接粗晶区组织主要是板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体.冷却时间t8/5为10 s时,适量的粒状贝氏体起到了分割板条贝氏体的作用,且MA岛的数量较少,呈粒状均匀分布于奥氏体内,使得...     

Weldability of 610MPa Grade High Strength Plate Steel 12MnNiVR for Oil Storage Tanks

The weldability of 12MnNiVR was examined in terms of the simulated HAZ continuous cooling transformation (SH-CCT) diagram,microstructure and mechanical properties of the simulated coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ).When t 8/5 is shorter,the microstructure mainly consists of lath bainite.When t 8/5 is 60 s,the microstructure becomes coarser bainite.Some acicular ferrite appears beside lath bainite when t 8/5 =100s.Finally,a microstructure composed of polygonal ferrite,acicular ferrite,and small amount pearlite is obtained with a small amount of bainite at t 8/5 >100s.With the increase of t 8/5,the hardness of CGHAZ decreases considerably.The minimum impact toughness of CGHAZ appears at t 8/5 =100s.The hardness and the toughness of CGHAZ remain above the specified values for steel 12MnNiVR.     

低碳贝氏体钢连续冷却相变规律研究

利用Gleeble1500热/力模拟实验机,研究了抗拉强度为700 MPa级的低碳贝氏体钢的相变规律,分析了不同冷却速率对钢组织及性能的影响。结果表明：轧后试样在1℃/s～30℃/s较宽的冷却速度范围内均可得到贝氏体组织,并随着冷却速度的增加,显微组织以粒状贝氏体为主转变为以性能优良的板条贝氏体和马氏体为主,在不降低韧性指标的前提下,提高了强度,为700 MPa级的低碳贝氏体钢工艺制度的制订提供了依据。     

控轧控冷工艺对低碳贝氏体高强钢AH80DBD组织和力学性能的影响

通过宏观断口、扫描断口、金相组织、透射电镜等方法分析了AH80DBD低碳贝氏体钢的组织结构对冲击性能的影响。试验结果表明：该钢轧后冷速22℃/s时,冲击韧性较好(-20℃A_KV 204～235 J),其组织为粒状贝氏体+板条贝氏体+细小的M-A,板条间距200～400 nm,而轧后冷速12℃/s时,板条间距～800 nm,-20℃A_KV 41～57 J,因此,AH80DBD钢在生产过程中冷却速率应≥20℃/s。     

不同冷却制度下X100管线钢组织特征及力学性能

采用热模拟试验机和试验轧机研究了X100管线钢连续冷却相变规律及不同冷却制度下显微组织特征及力学性能变化规律.研究结果表明:随冷却速度升高及终冷温度降低,试验钢显微组织由针状铁素体过渡至板条贝氏体及马氏体,非淬火条件试验钢中马氏体岛或M-A岛为微孪晶马氏体;轧制后直接以30℃/s冷却至450℃左右时,试验钢具有良好强韧...     

含Cu的Mn-Nb-B系超低碳贝氏体钢的强韧化机理

对一种含铜超低碳Mn-Nb-B系微合金钢进行TMCP工艺,得到屈服强度达850 MPa的超低碳贝氏体钢。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对试验钢不同板厚处的组织进行观察与分析,通过透射电子显微镜分析试验钢板条贝氏体间析出物,结果表明,屈服强度850 MPa超低碳贝氏体钢组织主要为细小的板条贝氏体,沿板厚方向上贝氏体板条宽度变化不大,板条长度从表层到心部逐渐增大。贝氏体板条的细化和微细析出物的形态、大小及分布对试验钢的强韧性起决定作用。     

Nb-Ti微碳深冲双相钢的连续冷却转变规律

摘要：通过连续冷却实验研究了Nb Ti微碳深冲双相钢在不同冷却速率下的显微组织变化规律。并结合显微组织、热膨胀曲线以及实验钢的硬度值绘制出实验钢的CCT曲线。结果表明,实验钢的CCT曲线由铁素体、珠光体与贝氏体区组成,其中铁素体和贝氏体的区域较大,覆盖冷却速度范围较广。实验冷却速率下未出现马氏体组织。在05～1℃/s的慢冷速下,组织由铁素体和珠光体组成;当冷速增加至3℃/s时,贝氏体开始出现,珠光体消失。当冷速在5～10℃/s范围内时,获得铁素体+贝氏体双相组织;当冷速大于10℃/s时,铁素体相变消失,此时为纯贝氏体转变。热处理过程中若想获得一定量的马氏体组织,退火温度宜设置在820～900℃双相区较低温度范围,使合金元素充分富集于少量奥氏体中,在随后冷却过程中此奥氏体转变为马氏体组织。     

The Influence of Hot Charging Conditions on Microstructure and Precipitation of High Strength Nb–Ti Complex Microalloyed Steels

A comprehensive microstructure analyses were conducted for hot charging processed Nb, Ti microalloyed steel, especially focusing on the evolution of microstructure and precipitation behavior. Hot charging process was simulated in the laboratory in the current research. Precipitation and microstructure in Ti–Nb microalloyed HSLA steels were investigated in different hot charging temperature conditions using transmission electron microscope (TEM), optical microscopy, analytical transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the microstructure consists of fine and homogeneous lath bainite at 1000°C, lath bainite and granular bainite at 900°C. As the hot charging temperature decreased, there appeared a small fraction of proeutectoid ferrite along grain boundary at 800°C. The grain sizes in hot charging are coarse compared with that of 700°C due to the phase transformation didn't occur. The chemical composition of complex carbonitrides changes from Ti rich to Ti–Nb uniform with decreasing temperature.     

L360NB管线钢连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线的测定和冷却速度对组织的影响

用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测定了L360NB管线钢圆铸坯(/%:0.14C、0.32Si、0.14Mn、0.020Ti、0.010V、0.038Nb、0.040Al)的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,并用光学显微镜观察了0.1～50℃/s冷却速度的组织。结果表明,当冷却速度为0.1℃/s时,钢的组织主要为板条贝氏体和准多边形铁素体,有少量针状铁素体,当冷却速度≥1.0℃/s,准多边形铁素体减少,板条状贝氏体和针状铁素体增加;当冷却速度≥10℃/s时试样的组织主要为板条状贝氏体和针状铁素体,准多边形铁素体很少,在50℃/s时未观察到块状准多边形铁素体,说明Nb、V、Ti复合微合金化促进贝氏体形成。     

1200 MPa新型Nb-V微合金化贝氏体钢轨钢的组织转变及性能

利用膨胀仪并结合金相法和硬度法,测定了新型Nb-V微合金化贝氏体钢轨钢20mm板(/%:0.24C,0.39Si,1.86Mn,0.007S,0.002P,1.36Cr,0.33 Mo,0.04Nb,0.11V)的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,研究冷却速度0.04～4.0℃/s对钢的显微组织及硬度的影响。结果表明,试验钢Bs点温度低于400℃,当冷却速度在0.1～0.8℃/s,试验钢可获得全贝氏体组织,符合贝氏体钢轨的合金设计原理;试验钢的轧态显微组织以板条贝氏体为主,还有少量的马氏体,其强度、塑性、韧性、硬度各指标匹配较好,满足现行贝氏体钢轨相关技术条件的要求。     

Effects of Cerium on Microalloying in Low Sulfur Nb-Ti-Bearing Steel

The CCT curves of supercooled austenite were investigated by using THERMECMASTOR-Z simulation machine, test samples refined from 50 kg vacuum induction furnace and two-stage controlled roiling in laboratorial condition. Test results show that influence of cerium （Ce） addition in low sulfur Nb-Ti-Bearing steel is as follows： Ce can increase the transformation point tara and tAr1, enlarge the interval of transformation （tAr3-tAr1） . Ce moves CCT and rightwards , and reduces hardenability. Ce increases bainitic transformation temperature and enlarges curves upwards interval of bainite formation. With higher cooling rates, Ce changes the martensite from coarse strip to fine strip. It decreases Ms, enhances the trend of lath martensitic structure and limits the formation of lamellar crystal.     

Mo、Ce对贝氏体钢第二相及组织与硬度的影响

为了明确Mo、Ce、Ti在贝氏体钢中的作用,采用热力学计算结合试验,研究含钛贝氏体钢中Mo和Ce对钢中第二相析出、组织转变及性能的影响机制.结果 表明,贝氏体钢中加入Mo后,部分固溶于钢基体中,部分以碳化钼的形式析出,Ti以C2S2Ti4析出为主,Ce在钢中以Ce2 O3和Ce2O2S的形式存在,加Ce后Ti的第二相析...     

Changes in Tempering and its Effect on Precipitation Behaviour in a Hot‐work Tool Steel

The microstructural characteristics of the hot‐worked and subsequently tempered tool steel grade X38CrMoV5‐1 was studied as a function of the cooling rate using transmission electron microscopy and three‐dimensional atom probe. According to the continuous cooling transformation diagram different cooling rates were chosen to adjust a fully martensitic or mixed microstructure consisting of martensite and bainite. The sample with the highest cooling rate exhibited a martensitic structure with nanometre sized secondary hardening carbides of the type M₃C, M₂C, M₇C₃, and MC. M₃C and M₂C were not stable and transformed to M₇C₃ as the cooling rate decreased. Furthermore, with decreasing cooling rates an increasing number of M₇C₃ precipitates are particularly present at former austenite grain boundaries as well as martensite and bainite lath boundaries, which strongly affects the mechanical properties.     

焊接热输入对Nb-Ti钢CGHAZ组织韧性影响

为了探究Nb Ti钢合适的焊接热输入范围并指导实际焊接工艺过程,利用Formastor F Ⅱ型自动相变测量仪和Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机研究了焊接热输入对Nb Ti钢相变温度、组织和韧性的影响规律。结果发现,当冷却速度大于6 ℃/s时,Nb Ti钢模拟CGHAZ的组织为粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体,且随着冷却速度降低,板条贝氏体含量下降,粒状贝氏体含量增加;当冷却速度为6 ℃/s时,出现晶界铁素体组织,且随着冷却速度继续下降,晶界铁素体含量增加;当冷却速度不大于0.6 ℃/s时,组织为完全的铁素体和珠光体。随t8/5时间的增加,M A含量先增加后减少,在t8/5为178 s时,M A面积百分数达到最大值,为5.1%。当t8/5时间为144～178 s时,M A组元的含量是控制Nb Ti钢模拟CGHAZ区韧性的主要因素;当t8/5为256 s时,M A组元含量下降,粗大的晶界铁素体是控制Nb Ti钢模拟CGHAZ韧性的因素。     

轧后冷却制度对X100管线钢组织与性能的影响

 采用热模拟试验机研究了X100管线钢的连续冷却相变规律和控轧控冷工艺中不同冷却制度下微观组织特征及显微硬度的变化规律。结果表明,随着冷却速度的升高和终冷温度的降低,试验钢微观组织逐渐细化,其中粒状贝氏体含量不断减少而板条贝氏体含量逐渐增加,显微硬度也随之增加;M/A岛含量随着冷却速度的增加而减小,随着终冷温度的降低呈现先降低后增加的“V”型趋势,且在340℃获得最低值。