7075铝合金蠕变时效成形本构模型

基于金属材料拉伸蠕变及持久性试验方法,在时效温度150~190℃、初始应力100~200 MPa测得了蠕变试验曲线。以双曲正弦蠕变本构模型为基础,采用线性回归方法建立了7075铝合金蠕变时效本构关系。结果表明,采用基于双曲正弦函数的等温蠕变本构模型得到的拟合曲线与试验值吻合较好,能准确描述蠕变时效成形过程,为7075铝合金蠕变时效成形过程数值模拟提供了基础。     

DC铸造7075铝合金微观偏析的量化分析

采用直接水冷半连续铸造（DC铸造）工艺制备7075铝合金铸锭.利用电子探针（EPMA）观察合金元素在样品中的分布,并通过绘制元素分布图判断合金元素在基体中的分布趋势.由于合金相的形成,Zn,Mg和Cu元素易在晶界偏聚;Cr和Ti作为形核质点,易在晶粒中心偏聚.利用5种排序方法处理收集到的电子探针数据,分别绘制成分曲线.通过比较成分曲线和排序方法适合度（GOF系数）得出,等级排序法和加权等级排序法比较适于分析DC铸造7075铝合金的微观偏析.分析计算得到的初始溶质分配系数kinit发现,F-G排序法夸大了合金元素的微观偏析,而加权等级排序法则减小了合金元素微观偏析的趋势.     

Deformation division of metal flow behavior during extrusion process of 7075 aluminum alloy

To reduce defects caused by non-homogeneous metal flow in conventional extrusion, a die with guiding angle was designed to improve the metal flow behavior. The characteristic quantities such as the second invariant of the deviator stress J ₂ and Lode’s coefficient μ were employed for the division of deformation area. The results show that when the metal is extruded with the guiding angle, no metal flow interface forms at the container’s bottom, the dead zone completely disappears, the deformation types of the metal in the plastic deformation area change from three types to one type of tension, and the homogeneity of the deformation as well as metal flow are greatly improved. The non-homogeneous metal flow at the final stage of extrusion is improved, reducing the shrinkage hole at the axis end. The radial stress of the furthest point from the axis is transformed from tensile stress to compressive stress and the axial stress, and decreased from 70.8 to 34.8 MPa. Therefore, the surface cracks caused by additional stress are greatly reduced.     

As-cast structure of DC casting 7075 aluminum alloy obtained under dual-frequency electromagnetic field

We have experimentally determined the as-cast structures of semi-continuous casting 7075 aluminum alloy obtained in the pres-ence of dual-frequency electromagnetic field. Results suggest that the use of dual-frequency electromagnetic field during the semi-continuous casting process of 7075 aluminum alloy ingots reduces the thickness of the surface segregation layer, increases the height of the melt menis-cus, enhances the surface quality of the ingot, and changes the surface morphology of the melt pool. Moreover, low-frequency electromag-netic field was found to show the most obvious influence on improving the as-cast structure because of its high permeability in conductors.     

焊接材料对7075铝合金焊接性及焊缝组织的影响

为了改善7075铝合金的焊接性并提高焊接接头的力学性能,采用ER4043和ER5356焊丝对7075铝合金进行了焊接.利用万能拉伸试验机和小型维氏硬度计对焊接接头的力学性能进行了检测,利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察并分析了焊接接头的显微组织.结果表明,由ER5356焊丝焊接得到的焊接接头的力学性能高于采用ER4043焊丝的性能.与ER4043焊丝焊缝相比,ER5356焊丝焊缝的晶粒组织较为细小,析出相分布也更加均匀.ER5356焊丝中的Mg元素有利于提高焊接接头的强度,而ER4043焊丝中的Si元素有利于提高7075铝合金的焊接性.     

Microstructure and mechanical property of 2024／3003 gradient aluminum alloy

2024/3003 gradient aluminum alloy was prepared by semi-continuous casting using double-stream-pou-ring technique. The microstructures of the as-cast, pressed and heat-treated alloys were analyzed by scanning elec-tron microscope and transmission electron microscope. And the mechanical properties of the alloy in pressed and heat-treated states were studied. The results show that the ingots with diameter of 65 mm and external thickness about 5.5 mm are obtained when the temperatures of the melt in the internal and external ladles are 1 023 and 1 003 K, respectively, and the nozzle diameter is 2.0 mm. The microstructures of the as-cast alloy consist of α(AI) θ(CuAl2)q S(Al2CuMg) in the internal region and α(Al) MnAl6 in the external region. The phases found in the internal and external layers coexist in the transition zone. The transition layer is maintained after plastic deformation and heat treatment of the alloy. The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the alloy are 300 MPa,132 MPa and 16.0%, respectively, after T6 treatment. The tensile and yield strength are increased by 150.0% and 94.1%, respectively, compared with that of 3003 aluminum alloy. The maximum hardness in the internal region of 2024/3003 gradient aluminum alloy can be increased from HRF 55 in the pressed state to HRF 70 in the heat-treated state.     

Al-Cu-Mg硬铝合金TIG焊焊接接头的组织与力学性能

为了研究Al-Cu-Mg硬铝合金TIG焊焊接接头的组织与力学性能,采用ER4043焊丝对2A12硬铝合金进行了焊接实验.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、能谱分析仪和硬度计对Al-Cu-Mg硬铝合金的组织和力学性能进行了表征.结果表明,焊缝的强度和塑性较低,焊缝边缘为柱状晶,中心为枝晶组织,晶界存在大量低熔点共晶体.近缝区存在明显的晶界液化现象,晶粒为圆润的等轴晶,焊缝的硬度大幅度下降.固溶区焊缝的硬度和母材相近,基体中存在大量的针状S'相,可对该区域起到强化作用.过时效区基体软化现象比较严重,存在很多S(Al2Cu M g)相.     

连铸连轧法生产的铝合金焊丝表面质量及影响因素分析

采用连铸连轧法生产ER5356铝合金焊丝线坯并进行多道次拉拔,得到直径分别是Φ 1.2 mm和Φ 1.6 mm的成品ER5356铝合金焊丝,对成品焊丝的化学成分和松弛直径进行检测,并利用SEM观察焊丝的表面及内部质量.结果表明:Φ1.2 mm和Φ1.6 mm焊丝H含量较国内一般水平(每100 g 0.15～0.2 cm3)高而导致焊丝内部存在气孔缺陷,焊丝松弛直径较进□焊丝小会导致焊丝的送丝效果受到影响,Φ 1.2 mm和Φ 1.6 mm焊丝Mg含量波动是焊丝力学性能不稳定的关键因素.     

热处理对挤压变形AM50镁合金疲劳行为的影响

采用低周疲劳试验研究了固溶处理和时效处理对挤压变形AM50镁合金在疲劳加载条件下的变形行为和疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明，固溶和时效处理均可改变挤压变形AM50镁合金的循环应力响应行为和循环应力-应变行为，并降低挤压变形AM50镁合金的循环应变硬化指数和循环强度系数；在高的外加总应变幅下，固溶和时效处理可以提高挤压变形AM50镁合金的疲劳寿命，但当外加总应变幅较低时，固溶和时效处理则降低挤压变形AM50镁合金的疲劳寿命；固溶处理将抑制挤压变形AM50镁合金在疲劳变形期间发生动态应变时效.     

6082铝合金超厚板搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊对84 mm厚的6082-T4铝合金进行双面对接焊接,焊后进行人工时效(180℃×5 h)处理。研究了沿板厚方向焊接接头的微观组织与力学性能变化。结果表明:焊核区组织为细小的等轴晶粒,从表面至焊缝的中心,晶粒尺寸分别为16、13、5μm,高角度晶界所占比例分别为77.2%、76.3%、72.5%;焊核区的强化相主要为"GP区"及β″相;热机械影响区晶粒沿搅拌头旋转方向被拉长,组织中存在较高密度位错;焊缝中心层区域硬度分布呈"V"型,硬度最低值出现在双面焊重叠区,其他位置硬度曲线呈"W"型分布;正、反面两道焊缝发生断裂的位置均为TMAZ与HAZ交汇的区域,接头平均抗拉强度沿厚度方向从表面至中心分别为211、201、180 MPa,呈逐渐降低趋势;中心层抗拉强度最低,但其断裂伸长率最高,约为母材的69%;断口为大小不同的韧窝,接头表现为韧性断裂。     

液态模锻6061铝合金轮毂组织及性能

采用液态模锻成型时,为了研究铝合金轮毂不同部位的微观组织和力学性能,利用金相显微镜和拉伸试验机对液态模锻6061铝合金轮毂不同部位的组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明:外轮缘处晶粒最细小,而轮辐部位的晶粒最粗大;外轮缘的抗拉强度和伸长率最高,可以分别达到371 MPa和16%,轮辐部位的抗拉强度强度和伸长率最低,分别为346 MPa和9%.轮辋处的合金晶粒大小不一,且部分晶粒被拉长变形,这是由于该处糊状金属流动产生的冲刷和挤压所致.     

Microstructure and wear behaviour of laser-induced thermite reaction Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramic coatings on pure aluminum and AA7075 aluminum alloy

Wear-resistant laser-induced thermite reaction Al2O3 ceramic coatings can be fabricated on pure Al and AA7075 aluminum alloy by laser cladding （one-step method） and laser cladding followed by laser re-melting （two-step method） using mixed powders CuO-Al-SiO2 in order to improve the wear properties of aluminum and aluminum alloy, respectively. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The wear resistance of the coatings was evaluated under dry sliding wear test condition at room temperature. Owing to the presence of hard α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 phases, the coatings exhibited excellent wear resistance. In addition, the wear resistance of the coatings fabricated by two-step method is superior to that of the coatings fabricated by one-step method.     

热处理对挤压变形AZ61镁合金力学性能的影响

研究了几种热处理对挤压变形AZ61镁合金力学性能的影响，得出：经过固溶处理及固溶+时效处理可以使强度有所降低，但塑性提高较大，而单纯的时效处理则不能使强度降低；在挤压变形状态下，试验温度对冲击韧性的影响不大，固溶处理可以提高室温下的冲击韧性，但在低温下两者基本相同.而其它几种处理则使冲击韧性降低，并且这种冲击韧性的降低程度随着试验温度的降低而减小.     

热处理对反向挤压AZ80镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用光学和扫描电子显微观察、X射线衍射及拉伸试验研究了反向挤压AZ80镁合金不同热处理状态下的显微组织及性能．结果表明：反向挤压AZ80镁合金热处理后析出的β－Mg17Al12相（β相）在不同热处理状态下形貌不同．经T6热处理后,口相在晶界处呈层片状析出,与挤压态相比,合金的强度稍有降低,但延伸率明显提高;经T5热处理后,卢相在晶界处仍呈层片状,而在晶内呈颗粒状,与挤压态相比,合金的强度明显提高,但延伸率降低．     

Effects of electromagnetic field and lubricate condition on the surface quality of magnesium alloy billet during LFEC processing

The microstructures of the magnesium billets could be improved markedly by low-frequency electro-magnetic casting (LFEC) processing. In fact, the low-frequency electromagnetic field (LFEF) also has favorite effect on the surface quality of billet. However, few public reports on the surface quality of LFEC magnesium billets could be found. Therefore, a new crystallizer with a metal internal sleeve to-gether with a kind of lubricant was designed aiming at lowing surface turning quantity, and the effects of casting velocity, electromagnetic condition and lubrication on the surface quality of magnesium billets were investigated. The results indicate that LFEF together with the lubricate condition would be responsible for the surface quality of the billets, and the high surface quality billets could be achieved by optimizing the casting conditions.     

固溶处理对挤压WE43镁合金的影响

为了改善WE43镁合金的室温塑性,提高其利用价值,研究了不同固溶处理方法对WE43镁合金挤压件力学性能和微观组织的影响.结果表明：固溶处理对WE43镁合金挤压件的抗拉强度影响不大,但能够大幅度提高其室温的伸长率和断面收缩率,从而使WE43镁合金具有优良的综合力学性能.当固溶温度为525℃、固溶时间为8h时,全部的MgYNd稀土相和大部分的Mg12Nd溶解到Mg基体中,剩余少量的Mg12Nd转变为细小的颗粒状,均匀分布在晶界处,此时挤压件的抗拉强度为223MPa,室温伸长率达到峰值29.2%.     

Microstructure evolution of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during semi-solid treatment

The microstructure of a cold-deformed Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during semi-solid treatment was investigated, which shows that grain detachment and grain spheroidization processes during the semi-solid treatment are very important to control the fabricated semi-solid microstructures. For the two different processes, the driving force comes from the external heat source and the reduction in total interfacial area, respectively. The evolution models of microstructure morphology in the two processes were presented based on microstructure observations. It can be found that these models are useful to provide a reasonable estimated critical time of the evolution of microstructure during the semi-solid treatment.     

热处理对2524铝合金显微组织及力学性能影响

在400℃下对铸态2524铝合金进行轧制成形,总变形量为90%,采用光学金相显微镜、拉伸试验机等设备检测轧制板材显微组织及力学性能.研究结果表明：随着固溶温度的升高,Al2Cu,Al2CuMg等第二相粒子数量逐渐减少,在490℃～500℃下基本固溶进铝基体中,其显微硬度值随着固溶温度的升高逐渐增大,当固溶温度为490℃时其显微硬度值为131.4 HV;2524铝合金轧制板材经490℃/20 min＋190℃/22 h处理后,其抗拉强度为485 MPa,延伸率为13.5%.     

HRB400 MPa超细晶粒碳素钢筋组织性能

采用临界奥氏体控轧控冷新技术,开发出不含Nb、V、Ti等微合金元素的超细晶HRB400III级钢筋,对其力学性能和显微组织进行分析,结果表明晶粒尺寸达到2～6μm,性能符合GB1499-98要求     

挤压变形AM30镁合金的循环变形行为

为了深入理解挤压变形AM30镁合金在低周疲劳加载条件下的循环应力响应行为和循环应力-应变行为,针对挤压态以及经过固溶处理和固溶+时效处理的挤压变形AM30镁合金进行了应变控制的室温疲劳试验.结果表明,不同加工处理状态的挤压变形AM30镁合金在疲劳变形期间可呈现循环应变硬化和稳定的循环应力响应行为; 不同加工处理状态的挤压变形AM30镁合金的循环应力幅与塑性应变幅之间呈线性关系,且固溶处理和固溶+时效处理均可提高挤压变形AM30镁合金的循环强度系数和循环应变硬化指数; 在较高的外加总应变幅下,不同加工处理状态的挤压变形AM30镁合金均表现出典型的拉-压不对称循环变形行为.