Stepwise synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles with adjustable structures and growth model

By stepwise adding of reducer N2H4·H2O,cuprous oxide(Cu2O)nanoparticles(NPs)with adjustable structures were synthesized.The features of Cu2O NPs were characterized by XRD,TEM and UV-Vis absorption spectra.When the reducer was added into the reactant system at one time,the sizes of the Cu2O NPs are in the range of 120–140 nm.Most Cu2O NPs are solid spheres.As the reducer was divided into two equal parts and stepwisely added,almost all the NPs are hollow spheres with good size(150–170 nm)distribution and dispersity.But when the reducer was divided into three or four equal parts and stepwisely added,the NPs are hollow spheres,core-shell structures or solid spheres,and the sizes distribution of the products is deteriorated.The effect of sodium hydrate(NaOH)was also probed.Addition of NaOH speeded up the nucleation and growth processes of Cu2O NPs.With the alkalinity increase,the shells of the hollow spheres become compact and the thicknesses of the shells increase,but the size distribution of the NPs is deteriorated.The absorption spectra of the Cu2O NPs are tunable.With the shell thicknesses increase,the absorption peaks have red shifts.An inside-outside growth model of Cu2O NPs was proposed to explain the results.The Cu2O single crystalline grains grow not only in the reactant solution,but also inside of the hollow nanospheres.The new Cu2O nanocrystallines can not only aggregate onto the shells of the nano hollow spheres,but also inside and outside of the hollow spheres,which leads to increasing the shell thicknesses of the hollow spheres,forming core-shell structures or small solid spheres of Cu2O NPs,respectively.     

氯氧化铋/氧化亚铜复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能

通过水热法成功制备了BiOCl/Cu₂O 复合材料, 是一种良好的可见光响应的光催化剂。通过X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis) 和电化学阻抗谱(EIS) 等分析方法对BiOCl/Cu₂O 复合材料进行表征分析。以酸性橙(AO7) 为目标污染物进行光催化降解实验, 探究了BiOCl/Cu₂O 复合材料的光催化性能和降解机制。XRD 结果表明, 随着BiOCl 含量的增多, BiOCl 的衍射强度逐渐上升。SEM 结果表明, BiOCl 小纳米片附着在相对较大的八面体Cu₂O 表面形成复合结构。通过UV-vis 和EIS 分析结果可知, 复合材料的带隙相较于Cu₂O 略微增大但其阻抗明显变小。降解实验结果表明, 质量比为3 : 5 的BiOCl/Cu₂O 复合材料在90 min时的可见光催化降解率(56.8%) 明显高于Cu₂O 的降解率(26.3%), 其降解速率常数(0.009 3 min^-1) 是纯Cu₂O(0.003 3 min^-1) 的2.8 倍。自由基捕获实验表明BiOCl/Cu₂O 复合材料光催化过程中起主要作用的活性物种是超氧自由基(·O_{2^- )。6 次循环降解实验后光催化剂BiOCl/Cu2O(3 : 5) 对AO7 的降解率仍可达到48.3%。BiOCl 与Cu2O形成的异质结构在一定程度上降低了表面转移电阻, 加快了光催化过程中光生电子的转移速率, 提高了光生电子和空穴的分离率, 增强了光催化效果。}     

Ag66Cu30Ti4-ZrO2界面化学反应的研究

确定了活性钎料Ag     

Cu2O/Cu2S 复合材料制备及可见光催化降解甲基橙的研究

通过水热法制备Cu₂O/Cu₂S 复合材料对甲基橙(MO) 进行光催化降解实验。在Cu₂O 中引入S 元素, 通过 改变Cu/S 投加摩尔比, 从而得到不同Cu/S 的复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、UV-vis、EIS 等手段对材料进行表征, 并 对MO 进行光催化降解实验。XRD 结果表明, 随着S 含量的增多, Cu₂S 的衍射强度逐渐上升, Cu₂O 的f111g 晶面 衍射强度逐渐降低。SEM 结果表明Cu₂S 能较好地包覆在Cu₂O 八面体的表面。通过UV-vis 和EIS 结果计算得知, 复合材料带隙为1.49 eV, 电荷转移电阻大幅降低。降解实验结果表明复合材料最佳Cu/S 投加摩尔比为15 : 1, 其在 100 min 时对MO (100 mL, 10 mg/L) 降解率达到91.4%, 明显高于纯Cu₂O 对于MO 的降解率(60.3%)。猝灭实验表 明了?OH 和 ?O₂ ^-在光催化过程中起到主要作用。     

多壁碳纳米管/氧化亚铜的制备及其对N-甲酰吗啉的光催化性能

采用液相还原法制备多壁碳纳米管/氧化亚铜（MWCNTs/Cu₂O）复合微球。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪（IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）等对样品进行官能团分析、物相分析和形貌观察,结果表明：多壁碳纳米管以纵横穿插方式与氧化亚铜形成复合微球。对比氧化亚铜和多壁碳纳米管/氧化亚铜对目标有机物N-甲酰吗啉的光催化活性,结果表明：多壁碳纳米管/氧化亚铜复合催化剂的催化效果明显优于氧化亚铜。     

Controlling growth of ZnO nanostructures via a solution route

A solution method was developed for fabricating ZnO nanostructures using (NH₄)₂CO₃ as starting material. SEM analysis shows that ZnO nanostructures exhibit nanorod, branch and flower-like morphologies. The crystal phase of as-synthesized products was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The growth process, formation mechanism and optical property were also discussed by means of transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The growth direction of ZnO nanostructures was investigated based on the results of HRTEM. The PL spectrum shows two strong peaks (centered at around ∼387 and ∼470 nm) and a broad peak (centered at around ∼580 nm). Funded by the Ministry of Education of China (PCSIRT0644)     

Fabrication of copper (I) nitride nanorods within SBA-15 by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Copper (I) nitride nanorods grown in channels of mesoporous silica SBA-15 by chemical vapor deposition method has been synthesized. The morphology and microstructure of the resulting product were characterized by XRD patters, TEM images, EDS analysis and Raman spectra. The XRD and TEM revealed that the Cu₃N phase was confined in channels of SBA-15 forming continuous nanowires with 6 nm around and hundreds of nanometers in length. Raman spectra of the final product and pure Cu₃N showed peaks shift due to the quantum confinement effect of the nanowires. This preparation methodology only requires a mild working condition and is capable of template synthesis of other binary nitride nanostructures with controlled morphology inside the channels of mesoporous materials.     

Optical Characteristics of Porous Glasses Matrix and Its Light-conducted Mechanism

The optical properties of matrix of porous glasses and phase separated glasses were investigated by visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy.The experimental results show that.both the porous glasses and phase-separated glasses hare very good light transmission in visible ligth region that wavelenth is longer than 560nm.The micropores of porous glasses and the boron-rich phase of phase-separated glasses have strong Rayleigh scatter effects on the visible light.the largest scatter occurrs at 360-370nm;the thicker the glasses.the larger the light scattering.Thus .the pore size disribution and thed size of heterogeneous micro zone in boron-rich phase of phase-separated glasses can be measured .After coupled into porours glasses.the most intense absorption of hydrated ious of [Co(H2O) 6]^2 shifts from 508 nm to 515nm.The production of the most intense absorption and the red shift were owde to Jahn-Teller of octahedral field formed by six H2O moleculur and perturbation effect resulted by microporous of porous glasses for its physics-chemical cirumstance.As a result.the porous glasses are perfect optical function materials in risible region.ichich can be assembled by chenvical method.     

Formation of CuS pineal microspheres via a pyridine-solvothermal process

CuS pineal microspheres congregated from interleaving nanoflakes with thickness of 40 to 200 nm were synthesized by a pyridine-solvothermal process via the reaction between cupric chloride(CuCl2·2H2O) and thioacetamide(TAA,CH3CSNH2).The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.UV-Vis absorption spectrum,excitation and photoluminescence spectra of CuS pineal microspheres were obtained at room temperature to investigate their optical properties.A possible growth mechanism on the formation of CuS pineal microspheres is proposed.The factors influencing the evolution of morphologies of CuS crystals including the dosage of the reactants,surfactant,and sulphur-source were also analyzed.     

Interfacial characteristics of high frequency induction brazed Cu and pre-metalized graphite joints

Oxygen-free copper and pre-metalized graphite were brazed using CuNiSnP braze alloy by high frequency induction heating method. Interfacial microstructures and reaction phases were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The strength and resistance of the joints were tested. It is found that when the brazing parameters are optimized, the structures of the joints are graphite/(Cu,Ni)/Ni(s.s)+Ni _x P _y /Cu₃P+Cu(s.s) (including Sn)+eutectic structures (Cu₃P+Ni₃P+Cu(s.s)/Cu (s.s)/Cu). When the temperature increases to 750 °C or the holding time prolongs to 300 s, the eutectic structures disappear and the amount of Cu₃P increases. The maximum shear strength of the joints is 5.2 MPa, which fracture at the interface of graphite and metallization. The resistance of the joints is no more than 5 mΩ.     

采用微生物覆铜板浸出液中铁离子制备 Fe2O3/石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究

针对微生物法覆铜板浸出液中的金属铁离子进行资源化处理,提高覆铜板浸出液的附加值。以水热法处理得到的铁离子溶液为原料,制备八面体和球形的Fe_2O_3/石墨烯复合材料,并将其作为锂离子电池负极材料,组装成扣式电池。结果显示:八面体形貌的Fe_2O_3/石墨烯复合材料的比容量高于球形的,其在100 mA/g电流下循环,首次放电和充电比容量分别高达1 343和970 mAh/g,在47次循环后,其放电及充电比容量分别为769和740 mAh/g。     

Preparation of Hollow Porous HAP Microspheres as Drug Delivery Vehicles

Hollow HAP microspheres in sub-millimeter size were prepared and investigated as a drug delivery vehicle. The LCB （lithium-calcium borate） glass microspheres, which were made through flame spray process, were chosen as precursor for hollow HAP microspheres. The LCB glass microspheres reacted with phosphate buffer （K2HPO4） solution for 5 days at 37 ℃. During the reaction the Ca-P-OH compound precipitated on the surface of LCB glass microspheres and formed porous shells. Then the microspheres turned to be hollow ones with the same diameter as the glass microspheres after LCB glass run out in the chemical reaction. After heat-treated at 600 ℃ for 4 h, the Ca-P-OH compound became HAP, thus the hollow HAP microspheres were produced. The mechanism of forming hollow HAP microspheres through the chemical reaction between phosphate buffer and LCB glass was confirmed by the XRD analysis. The microstructure characteristics of the hollow, porous microspheres were observed by SEM.     

锡酸镧(La2Sn2O7)花状纳米结构的水热合成及表征

采用简单、中性的水热法成功地制备了锡酸镧（La2Sn2O7）花状纳米结构,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和漫反射光谱（DRS）等手段对产物的晶体结构、形貌和光学性能进行了分析。结果表明：所得产物为单相烧绿石结构的锡酸镧,并呈现由纳米杆组成的花状纳米结构,纳米杆的直径和长度分别约为20 nm和150nm。由分析DRS光谱可得,锡酸镧花状纳米结构的禁带宽度约为3.85 eV,并对该花状纳米结构的形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

Self-assembled synthesis of porous TiO2 film on the electrophoretic-deposited titanate nanoribbon film

The porous TiO₂ film was self-assembled on the surface of electrophoretic-deposited titanate nanoribbon film without the addition of templates by using TiF₄ as the precursor.It was found that the hydrolysis of TiF₄ was accompanied with the self-assembly processes of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the surface of electrophoretic-deposited titanate nanoribbon film,resulting in the formation of porous TiO₂ structures.Titanate nanoribbon film was demonstrated to provide the active sites for the effective self-assembly of porous TiO₂ nanostructures owing to a large amount of hydroxyl groups.Compared with the nonporous TiO₂ film,the prepared porous TiO₂ films obviously showed an enhanced photocatalytic activity,which could be attributed to the rapider diffusion and more efficient transport of various reactants and products during photocatalytic reaction in the porous structures.     

Synthesis and room temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped CuAlO2 semiconductor

The synthesis and characterization of Fe-doped CuAlO₂ semiconductor were reported. The samples were synthesized by a simple and cost effective spin-on technique from solid state reaction of Cu₂O and Al₂O₃ on sapphire (001) substrate. Appropriate ethyl-cellulose (EC) and terpineol are useful for the formation of Fe-doped CuAlO₂ films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the growth of pure delafossite CuAlO₂ phase ruled out elemental metallic Fe clusters in all the Fe incorporated CuAlO₂ films. The existence of ferromagnetism at room temperature is evidenced by well-defined hysteresis loops. Specially, the saturation magnetization (M _s) values at room temperature have been monotonously enhanced with the increase of Fe composition from 1% to 5%.     

Synthesis and adsorption properties of chitosan-crown ether resins

1　INTRODUCTIONTheeffectiveremovalorrecoveryoftoxicmetalsstillremainsamajortopicofpresentresearch .In creasedawarenessofthetoxicityofmetalshaspromptedtheimplementationofstrictregulationsforitsdisposal,causingtraditionaltreatmentprocessessuchaschemicalprecipitationtoundergochanges .Modernmetal removaltechnologiessuchasionex change ,reverseosmosis ,andmembranesystemsthatproduceeffluentsofbetterqualitymakeitpossibletorecoverandreusemetals[1,2 ] .Chitosan ,whichiseasilyderivedfromchitinbyN de…     

Synthesis of mesoporous chromium aluminophosphate (CrAlPO) via solid state reaction at low temperature

Mesoporous chromium aluminophosphate（CrAlPO）was successfully synthesized via solid state reaction（SSR）route at low temperature in the presence of a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTAB）and inorganic sources such as AlCl₃·6H₂O,CrCl₃·6H₂O and NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O.Characterizations by means of powder X-ray diffraction（XRD）,N₂ adsorption-desorption,high resolution transmission electron microscopy（HR-TEM）,scanning electron micrography（SEM）,energy dispersion spectroscopy（EDS）,thermo-gravimetry（TG）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,and ultraviolet visible light spectroscopy（UV-Vis）were carried out to understand both the pore characteristics and electron transition route of these obtained materials.The experimental results show that the meso-CrAlPO materials with various Cr/Al molar ratios possess a mesostructure and a specific surface area of 193 to 310 m² /g corresponding to an average pore size of 5.5 to 2.2 nm,respectively.The maxium content of Cr in meso-CrAlPO materials synthesized via SSR route can achieve 16.7wt%,being significantly higher than that of the meso-CrAlPO prepared via a conventional sol-gel route.Meanwhile,the formation mechanism of the meso-CrAlPO was also proposed.     

Effect of additives on the morphologies of cuprous oxides by electrodeposition

Cuprous oxides with different morphologies were formed on F-doped tin oxide (FTO) covered glass substrates by potentiostatic deposition of cupric acetate. The effects of CTAB and Cl^? on the crystal morphologies of cuprous oxide were studied. Different crystal morphologies of cuprous oxides were obtained by the change of the concentrations of CTAB and Cl. The flowerlike and cubic morphologies of Cu₂O crystals were obtained when using higher concentration of CTAB and KCl, respectively. Photoelectrochemical properties of the Cu₂O thin films prepared in the system were also studied.     

Controllable preparation and superior rate performance of spinel LiMn<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> hollow microspheres as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Spinel LiMn₂O₄ microspheres and hollow microspheres with adjustable wall thickness have been prepared using controllable oxidation of MnCO₃ microspheres precursors and following solid reactions with lithium salts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations demonstrate that the microsphere morphology and hollow structure of precursors are inherited. The effect of hollow structure properties of as-prepared LiMn₂O₄ on their performance as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries has been studied. Electrochemical performance tests show that LiMn₂O₄ hollow microspheres with small wall thickness exhibit both superior rate capability and better cycle performance than LiMn₂O₄ solid microspheres and LiMn₂O₄ hollow microspheres with thick wall. The LiMn₂O₄ hollow microspheres with thin wall have discharge capacity of 132.7 mA·h·g^-1 at C/10 (14.8 mA·g^-1) in the first cycle, 94.1% capacity retention at C/10 after 40 cycles and discharge capacity of 116.5 mAh·g^-1 at a high rate of 5C. The apparent lithium-ion diffusion coefficient (D _app) of as-prepared LiMn₂O₄ determined by capacity intermittent titration technique (CITT) varies from 10^-11 to 10^-8.5 cm²·s^-1 showing a regular “W” shape curve plotted with test voltages. The Dapp of LiMn₂O₄ hollow microspheres with thin wall has the largest value among all the prepared samples. Both the superior rate capability and cycle stability of LiMn₂O₄ hollow microspheres with thin wall can be ascribed to the facile ion diffusion in the hollow structures and the robust of hollow structures during repeated cycling.     

双功能Fe3O4/Au、Fe3O4/Au@SiO2复合微球的构筑和磁学性质研究

给出一种温和条件下构筑Fe3O4/Au,Fe3O4/Au@SiO2复合纳米结构材料的方法,并研究所得产物的光学、磁学性质。首先,用3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APS)对平均粒径300 nm的Fe3O4微球进行表面修饰使得其拥有大量的氨基官能团(-NH2),利用这些官能团末端的孤对电子可以共价吸附Au纳米粒子的特性,在一定条件下制备出Fe3O4/Au复合纳米结构材料,不经过任何表面处理利用St?ber方法在室温条件下对其进行SiO2包覆,得到Fe3O4/Au@SiO2复合材料。借助场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的形貌和结构进行表征,并利用紫外-可见(Uv-Vis)分光光度计和超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)对产物的光学和磁学性质进行分析。结果表明,由于所含金浓度太低,Fe3O4/Au复合材料并没有显示金纳米粒子的特征表面等离子体共振吸收峰;Fe3O4/Au,Fe3O4/Au@SiO2复合纳米结构均显示出超顺磁性和高的饱和磁化率。