生物酶解法提取苦楝素工艺过程的研究

采用国产纤维素酶64001131,研究生物酶解法提取苦楝树皮中苦楝素的工艺条件。优化的工艺条件为:酶解液pH值4.5,酶解温度55℃,酶解时间1.5 h,酶浓度0.15 mg/mL。在此条件下,苦楝素的提取率达2.008%。     

溶剂回流法提取苦楝素的研究

采用溶剂回流法从苦楝树皮中提取苦楝素,用正交实验和单因素实验考察了提取工艺和萃取分离过程对提取效率的影响。结果表明,溶剂回流法的优化条件为:70%乙醇-水溶液为溶剂,料液比1∶15(g∶mL),提取时间3 h,50 mL乙酸乙酯萃取18 h,最高提取率达1.587%。     

苦楝素乳油配方的研究

采用HLB值法制备苦楝素乳油,确定苦楝素乙酸乙酯溶液的RHLB值为16.4;优化SDS,Tween-20和Span-60复配表面活性剂,优化表面活性剂的浓度为0.1 g/mL。所制备乳油具有良好的制剂外观、乳化性能优良、稳定性和分散性好。     

大孔树脂吸附分离酶解法苦楝素提取液的研究

研究了大孔树脂吸附分离酶解法苦楝素提取液的工艺条件及参数,LS-100型大孔吸附树脂明显优于AB-8型和NAK-Ⅱ型,其吸附分离苦楝素的吸附优化条件为:溶液pH值7.0,吸附温度45℃,平衡吸附时间4 h;解吸优化条件为:解吸剂为80%乙醇-水溶液,pH值5.0,解吸操作温度35℃,时间2.5 h。在此优化条件下,苦楝素的饱和吸附量可达201.6 mg/g,解吸率达88.9%。     

苦楝素酶解法提取液微滤过程的研究

采用微滤膜法对苦楝素酶解法提取液进行分离.优选出PES微滤膜,研究了膜孔径、操作压力、操作温度对微滤性能的影响.结果表明,在微滤膜孔径0.22 μm,操作压力0.12 MPa,操作温度25 ℃条件下,微滤平均渗透速率为49.1 mL/h,苦楝素透过率为73.97%.     

超声场协同光催化氧化降解苯酚的研究

将超声场与光催化氧化技术相结合,在自制超声强化光催化集成反应器中降解苯酚.研究了超声参数及反应条件对光催化氧化降解苯酚溶液的影响.结果表明,在超声场协同作用下,优化的反应条件为超声功率140 W、超声频率45 kHz、溶液pH值9、催化剂用量2.0 g·L-1、苯酚初始浓度14 mg·L-1、反应温度42℃.与无超声场作用相比,苯酚溶液降解率提高约20%.     

超细颗粒在声场流化床中的流化特性

在内径为130mm的声场流化床中,以原生纳米级SiO2超细颗粒为物料,在声压水平为0～140dB、声波频率为0～500Hz范围内系统地考察了声波对超细颗粒流化特性的影响。结果表明：当声波频率为100～150Hz、声压大于130dB时,声波可以有效地消除节涌、抑制沟流、降低临界流化速度,显著地改善纳米SiO2颗粒的流化质量。在频率一定的情况下,声压越高,超细颗粒的临界流化速度越低,流化质量越好。当频率低于100Hz或高于150Hz时,随着频率的进一步降低或增加,超细颗粒的临界流化速度都增大,甚至又出现节涌和沟流。声波的效果减弱甚至消失。     

楝树杀虫成分苦楝素的超临界CO2萃取

苦楝素是楝科植物中制备植物源农药的主要杀虫成分.针对不同种源楝树的皮、叶及果实,采用溶剂浸提法提取筛选苦楝素含量较高的种源作为实验原料,采用乙醇提取,考察液固质量比、提取时间和提取次数等参数对苦楝素提取率的影响.当液固质量比为25∶ 1、提取时间为4 h、提取次数为3次时,苦楝素的提取率达18%.进一步采用超临界CO2...     

超声场强化超临界CO2萃取辣椒籽油的初步研究

用超声场强化超临界CO2萃取辣椒籽中的辣素与油脂， 实验表明，施加超声场能提高萃取速率约15%，且不引起辣椒籽中有效成分的降解；施加超声场显著地提高了辣椒籽萃取过程的内、外传质急数。     

半仿生-生物酶提取法在中草药中的应用

介绍了半仿生-酶法提取中草药活性成分的原理,并重点介绍了半仿生-酶法在皂苷类、蒽醌类、生物碱类、黄酮类、酚酸类、糖类、二苯乙烯类等有效成分提取分离中的应用,说明了其相对于传统工艺所发挥的优势及作用,并分析了该法目前工业化应用面临的问题,为其深入研究和应用提供一定的参考。     

酶法提取淫羊藿多糖工艺条件的研究

采用纤维素酶水解方法提取淫羊藿多糖,通过单因素实验和正交试验,对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明最佳提取工艺条件为：酶加入量为1.5%,pH 4.5,45℃条件下提取1.5h。     

超声辅助增强聚碳酸酯表面无铬微蚀效果研究

在超声振荡辅助下,利用环境友好的Mn O2–H2SO4–H3PO4–H2O四元微蚀体系对聚碳酸酯(PC)进行微蚀处理。研究了微蚀体系中2H OV∶3 4H POV∶2 4H SOV和超声辅助时间对PC基板表面形貌、表面粗糙度及其对铜镀层粘结强度的影响。结果表明,经超声辅助微蚀处理后,PC基板表面形成大量致密、均匀的微孔。超声辅助不仅能够提高PC基板表面微孔的均匀性,降低基板表面的平均粗糙度,而且能够增大PC基板的氧化速率,增强基板表面的亲水性,从而使PC能够在较低的表面粗糙度和较强的表面亲水性下获得对铜镀层较高的粘结强度。最优的微蚀处理工艺条件为:2H OV∶3 4H POV∶2 4H SOV=1∶1∶(3.2~3.4),Mn O2 80 g/L,温度60°C,超声辅助微蚀时间10 min。     

Influence of ultrasound-assisted nucleation on freeze-drying of carrots

Ultrasound has been often used to assist nucleation process in liquid samples, while solid samples were barely taken into account. In this study, direct-contact ultrasound was used to realize the sonocrystallization for solid sample and the influence of ultrasound-assisted nucleation on freeze-drying process was investigated. First, a microscopic observation was performed to exam the effectiveness of direct-contact ultrasound on inducing nucleation for carrot slice at different supercooling degrees. Second, an ultrasonic vibrating plate was used to integrate the contact ultrasound into freeze-drying process and its influence on ice crystals size and sublimation rate was evaluated. The results showed that direct-contact ultrasound is applicable to stimulate nucleation in carrot slice at lower supercooling degree and obtain bigger ice crystals. Compared to the control sample, the sublimation time of the samples under sonocrystallization was significantly reduced, by 21.80%. Therefore, direct-contact ultrasound maybe a promising method to be applied in solid-sample freeze-drying process.     

酶法提取小檗碱工艺研究

用正交实验法研究了酶法提取小檗碱的最佳工艺条件。以小檗碱提取率为指标,分别考察了温度、时间、酶解pH值、加酶量对酶解反应的影响。确定了酶解黄连的最佳工艺条件:温度40℃、时间90 m in、pH 4.0、酶用量30 mg/g。在此条件下,对酶法提取小檗碱与传统乙醇浸提法进行比较,结果表明,酶法提取工艺比传统乙醇浸提法小檗碱产量提高了49%。     

Selective recovery of cobalt from the cathode materials of NMC type Li-ion battery by ultrasound-assisted acid leaching and microemulsion extraction

ABSTRACT

A selective recovery process for cobalt from the cathode materials of Li-ion batteries is demonstrated in this report. First, acid leaching was applied to dissolve the metals from the lithium-metal oxides. It was found out that with the assistance of probe type ultrasonication, manganese could be simultaneously separated by precipitation. This phenomenon would reduce the difficulty for later separation. Next, water-in-oil microemulsion extraction was applied for direct extraction of cobalt from the other metals. The cobalt extraction yield was 98% and purity was 96%. Moreover, the microemulsion system could be reused for 100 times without losing its extraction ability.