高特异性长双歧杆菌多克隆抗体的制备

目的制备高特异性长双歧杆菌多克隆抗体,为长双歧杆菌的免疫学检测提供参考。方法以破碎的长双歧杆菌细胞碎片为抗原免疫小鼠,制备抗血清;利用偶联相同抗原的磁珠,分离纯化长双歧杆菌多抗,分别采用间接ELISA、SDS-PAGE和点杂交法检测纯化多抗的效价、纯度和交叉反应性。结果所制备的纯化多抗效价约为1∶1500,回收率约为80%,纯度可达83%。纯化的多抗有效消除了与金黄葡萄球菌的非特异性交叉反应。结论已制备出高特异性的长双歧杆菌多克隆抗体,可用于长双歧杆菌制剂的菌体检测。     

利用DNA免疫技术制备麻疹病毒抗血清

目的利用DNA免疫技术制备特异性麻疹病毒抗血清,用于麻疹减毒活疫苗毒种以及含麻疹病毒疫苗的检定。方法以含麻疹病毒沪-191融合蛋白F和血凝素H基因的重组真核表达载体pGI-F和pGI-H作为免疫原,免疫家兔,制备麻疹病毒抗血清。采用细胞培养法检测抗血清细胞毒性,ELISA法检测抗体滴度,微量细胞病变法检测抗血清的特异性和中和效价。结果麻疹病毒抗血清细胞毒性小,与风疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、水痘病毒均无交叉反应。抗血清的ELISA效价大于256 000,中和效价为1∶1 024,4倍稀释后仍能完全中和1×10~5 CCID_(50)/ml麻疹病毒。结论 DNA免疫方法可制备高效价、低细胞毒性的麻疹病毒抗血清,该血清可用于麻疹疫苗毒种及含麻疹疫苗的质量控制。     

癌-睾丸抗原OY-TES-1多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的制备癌-睾丸抗原OY-TES-1多克隆抗体,并进行鉴定。方法以大肠杆菌表达的MBP/OY-TES-1融合蛋白作为抗原,免疫新西兰白兔,制备抗血清。经蛋白A凝胶纯化后,采用ELISA法检测抗血清的效价,Western blot和免疫组化法检测多克隆抗体的特异性。结果制备的抗血清经ELISA检测,效价不低于1∶128000,纯化后,其效价不低于1∶8000。Western blot显示,抗OY-TES-1多抗可与MBP/OY-TES-1融合蛋白、MBP、OY-TES-1重组蛋白和睾丸组织总蛋白特异性结合;免疫组化检测显示,精子头部呈现阳性反应。结论已成功制备了效价高、特异性强的癌-睾丸抗原OY-TES-1多克隆抗体,为深入研究OY-TES-1的生物学功能提供了工具。     

溴氰菊酯人工抗原及多克隆抗体制备

以二溴菊酸和4-[(4-硝基苯)氧基[苯甲醛为原料经4步反应合成了溴氰菊酯半抗原1-氰基[4-(4-氨基苯)苯基]甲基-2,2-二甲基3-(2',2'-二溴乙烯基)环丙烷羧酸酯;用重氮化法将溴氰菊酯半抗原分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)相偶联制备免疫抗原和包被抗原,紫外吸收法估算偶联比分别为11:l和8:1;以BSA偶联物作免疫抗原免疫日本大耳白兔制备溴氰菊酯多克隆抗体,间接非竞争ELISA法测定两个抗血清效价分别为100000和80000,间接竞争ELISA法测定抗体特异性结果表明所制备的抗体测定溴氰菊酯的IC50值为0.16 mg/L,与其他供试农药的交叉反应率均≤1%.制备的溴氰菊酯人工抗原和多克隆抗体为研究建立溴氰菊酯农残免疫快速测定方法奠定了基础.     

邻苯二甲酸二(二乙二醇单丁醚)酯的合成

以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和二乙二醇单丁醚为原料、有机锡为催化剂,通过酯交换法在无溶剂的条件下催化合成邻苯二甲酸二(二乙二醇单丁醚)酯,通过正交实验考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间及物料配比等因素对反应的影响,并通过元素分析、红外光谱分析对产品进行了结构表征。结果表明,当邻苯二甲酸二甲酯用量为0.1 mol、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯与二乙二醇单丁醚的摩尔比为1∶2.20、催化剂有机锡用量为1.5 g、反应时间为4.0 h、反应温度为180~190℃时,邻苯二甲酸二(二乙二醇单丁醚)酯的产率在88%以上,折光率(25℃)为1.4892~1.4896。     

高效价抗肠道病毒71型兔血清的制备及鉴定

目的制备高效价的抗肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)兔血清。方法分别用RD细胞和Vero细胞培养EV71,纯化后,将经甲醛灭活和未灭活的EV71抗原分别加入佐剂或不加佐剂,经不同途径(肌肉、皮下、腹腔)免疫家兔,每周采血,分离血清,分别采用ELISA、免疫双扩散、免疫荧光和中和抗体试验检测兔血清抗体效价,并分析不同方法检测兔血清抗体结果的相关性。结果未灭活和灭活的纯化EV71抗原加弗氏佐剂后,经皮下或肌肉途径免疫家兔均可获得高效价的抗EV71兔血清,其中加弗氏佐剂的灭活疫苗经皮下途径免疫获得了最高滴度的中和抗体;当抗血清ELISA效价达到或接近1∶108,免疫双扩散效价达到或接近1∶512,抗血清1∶2 000稀释后荧光强度荻时,可进行免疫家兔的全血采集;不同方法免疫家兔全血采集的血清中和抗体效价为29 406~1 280 652 U/0.2 ml;免疫双扩散检测与中和抗体和免疫荧光检测结果的相关性较高。结论获得了高效价的抗EV71兔血清,为EV71疫苗抗原的相关检定创造了条件。     

烟嘧磺隆人工抗原的合成与鼠源多克隆抗体的制备

为了制备烟嘧磺隆的多克隆抗体、建立烟嘧磺隆残留的免疫分析方法,以2-氨基磺酰基-N,N-二甲基烟酰胺(ASDM)和琥珀酸酐为原料合成半抗原,采用活泼酯法制备人工抗原并免疫小鼠。结果表明:经紫外可见吸收光谱扫描和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)鉴定,人工抗原合成成功,半抗原与卵清蛋白(OVA)、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的偶联比分别为10.5∶1和26.9∶1。5次免疫后小鼠抗血清的效价均达到1∶16 000以上,以ASDM-BSA为免疫原的小鼠产生了抑制烟嘧磺隆的多克隆抗体,建立的间接竞争ELISA方法对烟嘧磺隆的检测范围是1ng·mL-1~10μg·mL-1。为进一步建立更为高效、灵敏和方便的烟嘧磺隆ELISA检测方法提供了参考。     

甲型副伤寒沙门菌菌体抗原单克隆抗体的制备及其初步应用

目的制备甲型副伤寒沙门菌菌体抗原单克隆抗体,并对其进行鉴定及初步应用。方法用甲醛灭活的甲型副伤寒沙门菌免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,筛选出稳定分泌甲型副伤寒沙门菌特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,对克隆纯化后的阳性细胞扩大培养后,免疫BALB/c小鼠,收获腹水,间接ELISA法检测抗体效价,并进行Ig类和亚类鉴定;腹水经辛酸-硫酸铵盐析法纯化后,采用间接ELISA法、玻片凝集试验、SDSPAGE法、免疫扩散试验进行检测。将纯化后的2株单克隆抗体用于双抗体夹心ELISA法的建立,并用自制配对抗体检测甲型副伤寒患者血浆、乙型副伤寒患者血浆、伤寒患者血浆和正常人血浆。结果共筛选出2株持续分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为1H4和2A9,腹水抗体效价为1∶10~7和1∶10~6,分别为IgG_1和Ig G_3亚类,轻链均为κ型。纯化后的单克隆抗体1H4、2A9效价分别为1∶10~7和1∶10~3,1H4纯度大于85%,2A9纯度小于60%。2株单克隆抗体与甲型副伤寒沙门菌50503、50973可产生凝集反应,与伤寒沙门菌50096不产生反应;1H4在稀释度为1∶8时可与甲型副伤寒沙门菌菌体特异多糖(organism specific polysaccharide,OSP)产生凝集反应,而2A9在每个稀释度与OSP均不发生反应。将1H4和2A9用于双抗体夹心ELISA检测法建立,确定1H4/HRP-2A9的组合为最佳配对,用该配对抗体检测阳性样本检出率为100%,正常人血浆样本检出率为0。结论获得2株甲型副伤寒沙门菌菌体抗原单克隆抗体,可用于甲型副伤寒沙门菌的快速鉴定。     

气相色谱法测定6种邻苯二甲酸酯痕量组分的固相萃取条件研究

利用固相萃取技术富集了水中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类:邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)。借助均匀设计法及计算机回归建模优化技术对6种邻苯二甲酸酯类的固相萃取条件进行了设计与优化,得到最佳固相萃取条件为:洗脱剂配比(正己烷与丙酮的体积比)30∶1,洗脱体积2 mL,洗脱速率为4 mL/min,上样速率8 mL/min。富集后的样品用带电子捕获器的毛细管气相色谱检测,方法的线性范围为1~1 000μg/L(DMP、DEP、DOP),0.2~100μg/L(DBP、DEHP),0.1~100μg/L(BBP);线性回归方程的相关系数为0.997 0~1.000,检测限为0.01~0.4μg/L,方法回收率为69.0%~117.0%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~9.5%。     

CA16疫苗候选株特异性免疫血清保护性的初步评价

目的评价CA16 K168/8疫苗候选株免疫血清对不同CA16毒株的交叉中和能力及对致乳鼠麻痹CA16临床分离株的体内中和保护能力。方法将CA16 K168/8疫苗候选株病毒纯化液辅以弗氏佐剂经背部及侧腹部皮下多点注射免疫新西兰大白兔,制备高效价免疫血清。采用微量细胞病变法检测中和抗体效价;用中和抗体效价终浓度为32 U的特异性免疫血清对18株不同CA16临床分离毒株及15株EV71毒株进行交叉中和指数检测;选取中和抗体效价为16、32、64、128、256 U的特异性免疫血清对可致乳鼠产生明显麻痹作用的CA16 FY-18株进行体内中和保护水平检测。结果获得的兔抗CA16 K168/8血清对14株CA16毒株的中和效价为1∶1 024~1∶6 144,GMT值为1∶3 153;可于体外完全中和18株不同CA16毒株,中和指数为100~5 623.4,平均值为794.1,而对15株EV71临床分离株中和指数仅为0.32~5.62,平均值为2.2;体内中和保护水平随抗体效价升高而增加,呈量-效关系,当中和抗体效价达128 U时,可完全保护乳鼠不发生临床麻痹反应。结论 CA16 K168/8疫苗候选株特异性免疫血清体内、外试验结果表明其具有良好的免疫保护性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。