机组振值瞬时波动的和频与差频分析诊断

本文介绍了计测低压缸出口振值波动信号、高压缸入口振值偏高信号的方法和手段。并且根据某机器受到二个基本频率激励产生的振动,可以通过二个基本频率的和频与差频去认识的方法,详细地分析了低压缸振值波动前一瞬时和波动时的信号频谱特征及径向滑动轴承油膜涡动的频谱特征,同时也分析了高压缸振值偏高的频谱特征。最后指出,CO_2机组低压缸振值波动的原因是低压缸出口轴承油膜涡动造成的,而高压缸入口振值偏高的根本原因是高压缸转子存在有不平衡量。     

基于特征相位段的柴油机活塞缸套磨损故障诊断

在柴油机缸盖振动信号中，活塞缸套磨损的特征信号通常被燃烧爆发、气阀关闭及相邻缸的振动所淹没。通过分析振动信号各成份在一个周期内的分布情况，提取了干扰较少的排气冲程阶段信号，并在消除了相邻缸的振动影响后，作为活塞缸套磨损的特征相位段。选取峰峰值、平均振值等6个参数作为诊断特征参数，建立了诊断模型。实例表明，该方法能够有效地诊断出柴油机活塞缸套的磨损故障。     

600MW机组辅机设备噪音振动FFT频谱分析仪的设计

为了检测和研究600 MW机组辅机设备的噪音振动信号,设计了基于Lab VIEW和ARM处理器的噪音振动FFT频谱分析仪。设计的FFT频谱分析仪实现了无人值守情况下噪音振动信号的高速采集和存储,而且能够对信号进行时域特征和频域特征的分析。最后采用声级校准仪AWA6222A和振动校验仪DX-02对分析仪进行测试,结果表明设计的分析仪能够快速地完成信号的频谱分析和图形显示,测量精度高,运行稳定。     

原料气离心压缩机振动分析

针对机组低速暖机时振动特征并结合密封结构与密封材料性能,从振动频谱、相位变化和受力等方面对产生振动的原因进行了分析,作出密封片摩擦引起振动的判断,避免了机组开缸检修。     

基于谱图和约束NMF的滚动轴承特征频谱提取算法

为了克服传统时频分析中信号特征频谱提取技术中参数敏感问题,设计了一种基于谱图和约束NMF的特征频谱提取算法。该算法首先对振动信号进行归一化预处理和短时Fourier分析,获得代表原始非平稳信号特性的瞬时参数即谱图;然后对谱图进行约束NMF分解;最后由基矩阵获得原始振动信号的特征频谱。理论分析、仿真和工程试验验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

矿井设备齿轮与轴承故障的诊断基础及信号特征研究

应用齿轮振动和轴承振动的数学模型,对齿轮和轴承故障的诊断基础和信号特征进行研究,认为:齿轮和轴承不同形式的故障对应不同特点的振动信号,根据振动信号的时域和频谱特征可以得到特定的故障形式;齿轮发生故障时会在其频谱图中形成频率和幅值调制现象。     

状态热图在AGC伺服缸早期振动辨识中的应用

通过对轧制自动厚度控制系统(automated gauge control,简称AGC)伺服缸分别模拟3个阶段的保载和振动加载下所收集到的声发射信号,依托前期研究,探索基于状态热图的AGC伺服缸早期振动的辨识方法。通过在迁安沪久660mm轧机的AGC伺服缸上模拟保载和早期振动状态,采集声发射信号,对所采集信号的累计概率分布进行分析,选取可表征伺服缸加载状态变化的声发射特征。基于对所选特征进行组合并施加一定的值域约束和逻辑运算条件,构建了AGC伺服缸保载和早期振动的声发射热图。对状态热图的分析结果显示,AGC伺服缸在同等加载状态下的振动和保载状态可较好地通过此类状态热图予以呈现,为AGC伺服缸的早期振动状态提供一种快速、便捷的可视化辨识方案。     

激光外差探测对振动目标多普勒频谱成像

提出了采用激光外差技术探测振动目标,获取目标多普勒频谱图像,实现目标轮廓识别的方法。基于相位变化给出了目标振动形成外差信号的光电流模型;用扫描振镜控制激光光束方向实现对目标点扫描;通过振镜驱动电压触发数据采集卡,实现扫描与采集同步。利用频谱展宽占有比例的信号处理方式处理振动目标形成的多普勒频谱,简化了数据处理方式,有效消除了单个峰值噪声对信号的影响。实验中以5 MHz采样率测得两个目标在不同位置的特征频谱,得到了它的频谱展宽占有比例曲线;选取不同频谱展宽占有比例形成多普勒频谱图像,指出频谱展宽占有比例在0.7到0.9时能够形成良好的振动图像。文中结果证实了利用频谱展宽占有比例的数据处理方式探测振动目标是有效的,利用外差技术获取振动频谱图像是可行的。     

圆周振动筛轴承故障特征提取与诊断

针对圆周振动筛轴承故障信号经常淹没在振动筛自身的振动和冲击中,导致轴承故障特征难以提取的问题,提出采用包络分析法处理测试信号和诊断轴承故障的方法。利用加速度传感器采集圆周振动筛轴承正常工作和发生故障时的振动信号,再采用包络分析方法对振动信号进行处理并提取轴承的故障特征,从而识别出故障类型。通过实验分析了振动筛轴承故障的时域和频谱特征,得出轴承外圈频谱存在调制现象,而内圈频谱不存在调制现象,为轴承故障诊断提供了理论的技术支持和判断依据。     

离心式压缩机的振动故障分析

介绍了离心式压缩机的振动故障特征，通过对压缩机的振动特征测试，分析振动特征和利用频谱特征求得压缩机异常振动处的频谱，找出振动的原因，并制定了合理的处理方法，彻底地解决了压缩机的振动问题。     

柴油机缸盖罩动态特性分析与改进

以某四缸柴油机铸铝缸盖罩为研究对象,融合频谱分析法、近场声压法及模态分析法的识别优势,分析缸盖罩的动态特性.首先在标定工况下采用时频谱结合频响函数分析了缸盖罩的振动响应特性,然后基于近场声压法定位分析了缸盖罩结构噪声的辐射特性,在建立缸盖罩有限元仿真模型基础上,再结合试验模态法与计算模态法获取了缸盖罩在柴油机约束状态下...     

自振射流频率特性的试验研究

淹没条件下自振射流的频率特性决定着射流的打击效果,而获取射流的压力脉动信号对研究自振射流频率特性至关重要。射流的压力信号通常借助于冲蚀试验和标靶打击试验来间接获得,这里采用喷嘴腔内压力信号提取方法对自振射流频率特性进行试验研究。通过比对分析证明,直接采集腔内压力信号可以有效获取自振射流的频谱特征。与标靶打击试验相比,该方法受随机扰动少,频谱清晰,更有利于自振射流特征频率的提取。在此基础上,通过频谱分析得到自振射流的共振频率,并研究来流参数对自振射流频率特性的影响。试验结果显示,自振射流的共振频率并非是对来流扰动频率的直接放大,且受来流扰动的影响很小。来流速度对自振射流共振频率的影响较大,随着来流速度的增加,自振射流的共振频率及其对应的幅值均显著增加。这表明适当加大来流速度可以有效地改善自振射流的振荡特性。     

Calculation on cylinder pressure fluctuation by using the wave equation in KIVA program

Cylinder pressure fluctuation during combustion process of internal combustion engine is closely related to combustion noise and knock.The current studies are based on cylinder pressure test to obtain ...     

基于S变换的热连轧机耦合振动特征提取

提出一种基于短时傅里叶变换的自适应频域滤波方法,将噪声信号与振动特征成功地分离。根据短时傅里叶变换和功率法设定的阀值,自动捕捉了振动信号在不同时间段的优势频率。对振动信号、压下液压缸压力信号和伺服阀给定信号做短时傅里叶变换后,热连轧机振动被诊断为液机耦合振动。利用离散小波变换和S变换相结合的方法对轧机振动信号进行分析,确定轧机起振的时间为液压压下系统的投入时间,证明了热连轧机存在液机耦合振动现象。     

微型高速轴向柱塞泵动力学特性分析

微型高速轴向柱塞泵动力学特性影响其工作性能和寿命,主轴与缸体的振动响应以及质心轨迹可反映其动力学特性。对微型高速轴向柱塞泵结构进行合理简化,建立了其运行工况下的动力学模型。分析了工况压力21 MPa,转速分别为18000, 20000, 23000 r/min时,主轴与缸体的振动位移频谱、倾覆角度频谱和质心轨迹;分析了工况转速20000 r/min,压力分别为14, 21, 28 MPa时,主轴与缸体的振动位移频谱、倾覆角度频谱和质心轨迹。研究结果表明:振动位移需关注偶倍频,倾覆角度需关注奇倍频,部分谐波振动响应随压力的增大而增大,主轴与缸体的质心轨迹呈扇叶形状。     

基于变分模态分解和鲁棒性独立成分分析的内燃机缸盖振动信号分离

针对缸盖振动信号中燃烧信号和活塞敲击信号在时频域混叠严重难以分离的问题,用基于VMD和RobustICA的方法分离各独立源信号。通过试验测量内燃机单通道缸盖振动信号,首先对测得的信号进行消除趋势项及滑动平均等预处理,用VMD算法对预处理后的信号进行分解;然后用RobustICA算法提取独立成分,并用组合模态函数法对时域和频域相似性较高的分量成分进行组合;最后结合频谱分析、连续小波变换、相干函数法及倒拖试验对分离得到的结果进行识别验证。研究结果表明：在不同的试验工况下,该方法可以有效地从缸盖振动信号中分离出燃烧信号和活塞敲击信号。     

内燃机气阀漏气故障的高阶谱分析

将高阶谱理论引入内燃机的振动诊断中,分析了不同状态时缸盖表面振动信号的三阶谱特性,并计算出三阶谱的峰值,用于刻划各状态时缸盖系统的非线性行为。结果表明:正常状态时缸盖表面振动信号的三阶谱接近为零,可以认为缸盖系统是线性系统;当气阀发生漏气故障时,缸盖表面振动信号的三阶谱就会出现较大的峰值,而且不同状态时所对应的峰值也存在着较大差别,说明不同气阀漏气状态时缸盖系统表现出不同程度的非线性。可以将三阶谱的峰值作为判断气阀是否漏气的一个诊断特征量,同时也为诊断内燃机气阀的早期漏气故障提供了依据。     

Chaotic dynamic characteristics of pressure fluctuation signals in hydro-turbine

The pressure fluctuation characteristics in a Francis hydro-turbine running at partial flow conditions were studied based on the chaotic dynamic methods. Firstly, the experimental data of pressure fluctuations in the draft tube at various flow conditions was de-noised using lifting wavelet transformation, then, for the de-noised signals, their spectrum distribution on the frequency domain, the energy variation and the energy partition accounting for the total energy was calculated. Hereby, for the flow conditions ranging from no cavitation to severe cavitation, the chaos dynamic features of fluctuation signals were analyzed, including the temporal-frequency distribution, phase trajectory, Lyapunov exponent and Poincaré map etc. It is revealed that, the main energy of pressure fluctuations in the draft tube locates at low-frequency region. As the cavitation grows, the amplitude of power spectrum at frequency domain becomes larger. For all the flow conditions, all the maximal Lyapunov exponents are larger than zero, and they increase with the cavitation level. Therefore, it is believed that there indeed exist the chaotic attractors in the pressure fluctuation signals for a hydro-turbine.

     

Practical behavior of advanced non-linear hydraulic servo system model for a mold oscillating mechanism depending on line volume

We studied a mold oscillating mechanism for continuous casting. An equivalent hydraulic servo system model was established including a non-linear property and line volume near the hydraulic cylinder. The analysis focused on a practical behavior of the system. To observe an oscillated object and dynamic responses, an equivalent stiffness, damping ratio and simple mass-damper-spring 1-DOF model were established by Karl-Erik Rydberg’s research, and showed hydraulic cylinder pressure and line volume near the hydraulic cylinder. Especially, hydraulic pressure including statue of a mechanical and hydraulic cylinder was analyzed in the time and frequency domain. The results were validated by comparing responses between the 1-DOF model and the nonlinear hydraulic servo system model. The line volume that connects the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic servo valve has great effect on damping ratio and natural frequency of the hydraulic servo system. When the line pipe has high volume compared to normal statue, the hydraulic cylinder pressure has sharp peak frequencies that are located on natural frequency and its duple-harmonic terms with sideband peaks; (±2×exciting frequency) space. Based on this fact, we investigated the model using sensitivity analysis, and explained an oscillating mechanism about the mold oscillator by applying additional spring. A design of robust control for the mold oscillator was suggested by Negative strip time criterion, and maximum additional spring stiffness was shown.     

Fault feature extraction of rolling bearing based on an improved cyclical spectrum density method

The traditional cyclical spectrum density(CSD) method is widely used to analyze the fault signals of rolling bearing. All modulation frequencies are demodulated in the cyclic frequency spectrum. Consequently, recognizing bearing fault type is difficult. Therefore, a new CSD method based on kurtosis(CSDK) is proposed. The kurtosis value of each cyclic frequency is used to measure the modulation capability of cyclic frequency. When the kurtosis value is large, the modulation capability is strong. Thus, the kurtosis value is regarded as the weight coefficient to accumulate all cyclic frequencies to extract fault features. Compared with the traditional method, CSDK can reduce the interference of harmonic frequency in fault frequency, which makes fault characteristics distinct from background noise. To validate the effectiveness of the method, experiments are performed on the simulation signal, the fault signal of the bearing outer race in the test bed, and the signal gathered from the bearing of the blast furnace belt cylinder. Experimental results show that the CSDK is better than the resonance demodulation method and the CSD in extracting fault features and recognizing degradation trends. The proposed method provides a new solution to fault diagnosis in bearings.