喷丸处理实现纯钛表面纳米化的研究

利用喷丸处理技术实现了工业纯钛的表面纳米化,利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对表层组织演变过程和表层晶粒纳米化的细化机理进行了研究,并用显微硬度计对表层硬度进行了测试。研究结果表明,传统表面喷丸处理后可在工业纯钛表面得到一定厚度的纳米层和剧烈塑性变形层。喷丸处理后,工业纯钛表面硬度显著提高。     

高能喷丸表面纳米化对工业纯钛疲劳性能的影响

用高能喷丸技术对工业纯钛进行了表面纳米化处理,分析了表层组织和表层硬度,并通过与普通喷丸的对比实验,研究了两种喷丸方法对工业纯钛疲劳性能的影响.结果得出,高能喷丸使表层组织明显细化,得到了无明显特征的强烈塑性变形组织,表层硬度明显提高.但高能喷丸并没有使疲劳强度大幅度提高,甚至低于传统喷丸.断口分析中发现,在高能喷丸疲劳断口裂纹源处,能看到由于喷丸不当造成的表面深坑和微裂纹等表面机械损伤,这可能是高能喷丸表面纳米化比传统喷丸没有表现出更高疲劳强度的原因.     

高能喷丸表面纳米化对工业纯钛组织性能的影响

用高能振动喷丸法对工业纯钛进行了表面纳米化的研究。用X 射线衍射、光镜和透射电镜对表层变形层金相组织、晶粒尺寸、显微硬度进行分析。结果表明 ,具有密排六方晶体结构的工业纯钛经高能喷丸处理后 ,在表面可以形成具有一定厚度的纳米晶粒组织 ;随着高能喷丸时间的增加 ,表面层的晶粒尺寸变小 ,而表面硬度提高。     

高能喷丸表面纳米化对工业纯钦组织性能的影响

用高能振动喷丸法对工业纯钛进行了表面纳米化的研究。用X—射线衍射、光镜和透射电镜对表层变形层金相组织、晶粒尺寸、显微硬度进行分析。结果表明，具有密排六方晶体结构的工业纯钛经高能喷丸处理后，在表面可以形成具有一定厚度的纳米晶粒组织；随着高能喷丸时间的增加，表面层的晶粒尺寸变小，而表面硬度提高。     

高能喷丸对TC4焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用高能喷丸对TC4焊接接头进行表面纳米化处理,利用光学显微镜观察了焊接接头各区域的横截面微观组织,对各区域表层晶粒尺寸进行了X射线衍射分析、采用洛氏硬度计测量了表层各区域的硬度,利用应力仪测试其不同区域的残余应力,并对其进行了表征。结果表明,高能喷丸处理后在TC4焊接接头表面获得一定厚度的塑性变形层,经过高能喷丸处理,在强烈塑性变形作用下接头各区域表层晶粒尺寸均细化到纳米尺度。焊接接头三个区域的表面层硬度一致,且高于高能喷丸处理前试样的硬度;残余应力测试表明,经高能喷丸处理后焊接接头表层各区域均为残余压应力,高能喷丸实现了焊接接头表层组织和性能的均一化。     

纯钛高能喷丸表面纳米化后粗糙度的分析

通过高能喷丸方法（HSP）使工业纯钛获得约60μm的表面纳米层，并通过表面形貌仪对喷丸后表面粗糙度进行了测量，结果表明，纯钛表面HSP处理后，表面粗糙度增大，喷丸10min时粗糙度达到最大值，继续喷丸粗糙度降低，喷丸60min时粗糙度趋于稳定。喷丸时间60min时表面粗糙度对其疲劳性能的影响最小，表面纳米化效果最佳。     

超声波冲击对纯钛单轴拉伸性能的影响

喷丸、喷砂、机械研磨、超声纳米表面改性、旋转超声喷丸及其他表面纳米化处理技术是近年来研究的热点。M．Wen等研究了利用机械研磨技术获得纯钛细晶的方法，S．Dai等通过高能喷丸将纯钛的屈服强度提高了150MPa。     

ST12钢高能喷丸后表面等离子渗钛

采用高能喷丸方法,在ST12钢表面获得一定厚度的纳米晶层。喷丸处理后的样品在温度500℃,保温时间为3 h下进行等离子渗钛处理,可以获得一定厚度的渗钛层。运用光学显微镜,扫描电镜,X射线衍射分析和电化学测试系统等测试技术对纳米晶层、渗钛层的组织结构、显微硬度与耐腐蚀性等进行了研究。结果表明,采用高能喷丸法,在ST12钢表面获得一定厚度的纳米晶层。高能喷丸处理可以显著地降低等离子渗钛的温度。渗钛处理后的ST12钢,其显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能得到了提高。     

SS400钢焊接接头表层组织纳米均一化及硬度均一化处理

采用高能喷丸技术以SS400钢焊接接头的表面层进行处理。利用XRD,TEM,SEM对处理后的表面层进行结构表征,同时测量了高能喷丸引起的硬度变化。结果表明,高能喷丸处理可使焊接接头的表面层形成尺寸均匀、取向随机分布的纳米晶;焊接接头三个区域的纳米层硬度一致,且远高于高能喷丸处理前样品的硬度,实现了SS400钢焊接接头区表层组织纳米均一化和硬度均一化。表面纳米化对材料表面的强化有着重要的贡献。     

表面纳米化对SS400钢应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用高能喷丸技术对SS400钢表面进行纳米化处理,利用透射电子显微镜分析了表面纳米晶层的结构特征,同时对高能喷丸表面纳米化处理后残余应力沿厚度方向的变化进行了分析.结果表明:经过超声冲击处理后,试样表层的晶粒可细化至纳米尺度,且在表面形成厚度约为600 μm的压应力层,压应力沿试样深度方向逐渐减小直至过渡到拉应力.在98±3℃温度下,Ca(NO3)2 57%+NH4NO3 3%溶液中进行的慢应变速率拉伸试验,结果表明,高能喷丸表面纳米化可以提高SS400钢的抗应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。