精酿啤酒的发展概述

探讨精酿啤酒诞生史、发展及未来展望,分析精酿啤酒在国内发展状况,展望精酿啤酒的未来趋势并提出个人建议.     

GC-MS法分析西瓜精酿啤酒中的风味物质

为了研究分析西瓜精酿啤酒中的风味物质,采用静态-顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用的方法,对西瓜精酿啤酒及普通精酿啤酒中的风味物质进行了对比分析。结果表明,从西瓜精酿啤酒中共分离出48种物质,确定了其中的36种物质;从普通精酿啤酒中共分离出42种物质,确定了其中的41种物质。与普通精酿啤酒确定风味成分相比,己酸乙酯、癸醛、可卡醛、壬酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯等11种物质仅在西瓜精酿啤酒中检出,这些成分赋予了西瓜精酿啤酒独有风味。     

浅谈精酿啤酒的卫生控制

本文从实际生产出发,简要介绍了精酿啤酒酿造过程的卫生控制要点。提出了规范化的卫生控制标准对精酿啤酒酿造的重要性。     

精酿啤酒“上头感”的研究进展

随着微型啤酒生产线在国内的不断推广,精酿啤酒不断被消费者认可与接受。精酿啤酒的特点是果香浓郁,该文对精酿啤酒出现“上头感”的原因做了全面的阐述,同时提出了相应的改进措施,以便实现精酿啤酒在国内更好的发展。     

不同添加对精酿啤酒风味影响的比较试验

通过对5种不同添加风味辅料的精酿啤酒,进行感官评价和理化分析,结果表明,优化后的世涛（Stout）精酿啤酒深受消费者欢迎,其综合感官评价得分为86分,理化指标和安全卫生指标符合国家有关标准。该中试放大试验为生产不同风味啤酒,进入新兴的食品市场,满足不同消费者的个性需求,同时,为广大中小精酿啤酒生产商提供风味辅料添加工艺技术参考。     

精酿啤酒风味及功能性研究进展

该文对精酿啤酒发展现状、感官评估对精酿啤酒的重要性以及精酿啤酒的原辅料进行概述,并对啤酒挥发性风味成分的分析方法进行系统梳理,综述辅料的添加对精酿啤酒感官特征的影响,分析影响精酿啤酒香气的微量成分。旨在为精酿啤酒风味、功能的改良与创新提供参考,为新产品开发提供思路。     

麦芽品质与啤酒质量研究进展

大麦是啤酒工业的主要原料，大麦的籽粒品质决定了麦芽的品质性状，麦芽品质是决定啤酒质量的主要因素。综述了麦芽主要成分对啤酒质量的影响，有助于啤酒生产者及麦制造者更充分的了解麦芽的特性，从而指导啤酒生产。     

影响我国精酿啤酒产业发展的因素及策略研究

长期以来我国的啤酒消费维持在较高水平,过去工业啤酒占据绝对的市场地位,随着社会的发展,近年来,精酿啤酒得到了越来越多人的喜爱。本文笔者将根据自身工作经验,先对国内外精酿啤酒产业发展情况进行比较,然后从原料、工艺控制、公益人才等方面分析影响我国精酿啤酒产业发展的主要因素,最后针对性提出促进我国精酿啤酒产业发展的策略。     

果酿啤酒的酿造工艺和品质研究进展

果酿啤酒的品质受众多因素影响,特别是水果特性差异和产品质量标准缺失使得果酿啤酒的酿造工艺存在较大差别,产品质量难以稳定。为进一步提升果酿啤酒品质,该文对近年来果酿啤酒的研究现状进行综述,探讨水果榨汁处理、灭菌方式,发酵过程中原麦汁浓度、主发酵温度、果汁添加量及添加阶段、酵母菌种选择等因素对果酿啤酒品质的影响,分析果酿啤酒的风味成分及风味劣变、活性成分及抗氧化活性,并对果酿啤酒的发展趋势及品质提升进行展望,以期实现不同果酿啤酒的精准调控,为实际生产中果酿啤酒的酿造提供借鉴。     

精酿啤酒的消费者偏好分析

以消费者偏好为出发点进行了精酿啤酒调查问卷,发布并回收有效问卷1 025份。利用统计分析软件SPSS 25.0对问卷的数据进行分析,通过人口统计学特征和精酿啤酒月平均消费情况与影响因素两方面对样本进行统计分析,最后利用有序Logistic模型完成消费者精酿啤酒偏好实证分析。调查结果表明,精酿啤酒仍属于小众产品,市场并未达到饱和;男性消费者购买精酿啤酒比例显著高于女性消费者,消费水平与购买行为呈现正相关关系。对于有精酿啤酒消费习惯的消费者而言：有序Logistic回归分析结果表明,消费者对于精酿啤酒的依赖程度与对产品价位和大小规格的偏好存在相关性,但与对产品包装的偏好并无关联。通过调查分析期望为后续精酿啤酒新产品的开发与市场推广提供参考。     

不同种类麦芽对下面发酵啤酒酿造风味的影响

为了从源头控制下面发酵啤酒的发酵生产并提高其品质,通过啤酒发酵模拟体系,系统评价英国麦芽（Eng）、加拿大麦芽（Can）和德国麦芽（Ger）对下面发酵啤酒酿造风味的影响。分别测定了3种麦芽的品质指标及所酿啤酒的理化指标;并采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）法检测了所酿啤酒中风味物质组成和含量上的差异。结果表明,加拿大麦芽的库尔巴哈值（45%）、浸出率（≥77%）、糖化力（414 WK）和α-氨基酸态氮（118 mg/L）等品质指标和酒精度（2.97%vol）、原麦汁浓度（8.63 °P）、实际浓度（2.76%）、外观浓度（1.17%）、实际发酵度（67.97%）和外观发酵度（86.41%）等所酿啤酒的理化指标适中,啤酒中风味物质种类多样（75种）、相对含量丰富（271.82%）、比例协调,是最适合酿造Lager啤酒的麦芽种类。该结果可为高品质啤酒的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

我国特种啤酒研制及啤酒花拓展应用研究进展

啤酒是一种深受广大消费者喜爱的饮料,特种啤酒是指原辅料、工艺的改变,使之具有特殊风格的啤酒。特种啤酒受到关注,不仅是因为增加了消费者的选择性,更多的是其向低醇化和功能化的方向发展。该文概述了特种啤酒产品的研制现状,并对啤酒酿造中重要的原料-酒花的拓展应用进行了综述,为其产品的研究开发提供思路。     

绿茶啤酒的生产工艺研究

针对淡色绿茶啤酒的制作进行了研究,该产品泡沫洁白细腻,麦芽香突出,兼有绿茶风格,口味柔和,即发挥了绿茶的保健作用,又对开发绿茶资源,丰富特色啤酒市场有很重要的意义。     

Effect of wine barrel ageing or sapa addition on total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of some Italian craft beers

Beer is a complex mixture of bioactive polyphenols with positive health effects, and its composition is influenced by some technological variables. In this study, the total polyphenol content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of some Italian craft beers produced by ageing in wood barrel that previously contained red or white wines, and by addition of sapa, a cooked must from wine grapes, were investigated. TPC greatly vary among different beer types. Craft beers stored in wood barrels that contained red wines, such as those added of sapa from red wine grapes, showed a TPC up to 2.5 times higher (1000 GAE mg L^?1) compared with other craft beers, and 3.6 times higher than the industrial beer. The antioxidant activity is remarkably different depending on beer type and strictly correlated with TPC. Results indicate that antioxidant properties of the craft beers could be efficiently improved by the explored technological processes.     

Analysis of malts by capillary electrophoresis

A range of malts, as well as their high‐ and low‐molecular‐mass fractions, has been examined by capillary electrophoresis in phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, and in carbonate buffer, pH 9.5, and the results have been compared with those for roasted barley and for caramels. The malts fall into two categories: (i) the lightly roasted malts, where the high‐molecular‐mass coloured fraction is negatively charged at pH 9.5 and positively charged at pH 2.5; and (ii) the highly roasted malts (and the roasted barley), where the high‐molecular‐mass fraction migrates close to the electro‐osmotic flow at both pH 9.5 and 2.5, implying that it carries little or no charge. The former category shows migration patterns similar to Class III caramels, whereas the latter migrates differently from Class I, III and IV caramels as well as from the former. Capillary electrophoresis therefore has considerable potential for differentiating between malts and between malts and caramels and roasted barley. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preliminary characterization of an Italian craft durum wheat beer

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the production of beers brewed using raw materials of local origin. Many micro‐breweries have been established in Italy, particularly in Sardinia, where some have started to use Sardinian wheat to produce a beer that has a regional connection. The most widespread wheat cultivar used in Italy has been Senatore Cappelli, which is still grown in Sardinia and in some other regions. Bread produced with this type of wheat is characterized by a high protein content and good sensory properties. Owing to its origin, this cultivar is being considered for use in beer production. In this work, a Sardinian durum wheat beer was compared with two other wheat beers brewed in Europe (Germany and the Czech Republic). Standard beer chemical analyses, along with volatile and sensorial profiles, were used to characterize the Sardinian craft durum wheat beer. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling