西藏羊八井地区牦牛酸乳中乳酸菌菌种鉴定

26株分离自西藏羊八井地区传统发酵牦牛酸乳的菌株,经形态学、分子生物学鉴定,其中18株为肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、6株为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、2株为明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)。构建系统发育进化树分析乳酸菌的遗传多样性,并与其它地区牦牛酸乳中分离到的乳酸菌进行比较,发现西藏羊八井地区传统发酵牦牛酸乳中乳酸菌多样性丰富,其优势乳酸菌株为肠球菌属(Enterococcus)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)。     

内蒙古地区传统发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

对内蒙古地区传统发酵乳中乳酸菌进行分离并鉴定。以蒙古族传统发酵乳为材料，采用传统的细菌纯培养分离方法分离乳酸菌株，通过形态学特征及生理生化试验初步确定乳酸菌的基础上，进一步利用细菌16S r DNA基因序列分析和系统发育进化树构建，对其种属进行分析鉴定。分析鉴定结果显示，分离得到的29株乳酸菌共鉴定为2个属，6个种。2个属分别为乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和肠球菌属（Entercoccus）,6个种分别为短乳杆菌（Levilaccillus brevis,4株）、植物乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,8株）、粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis,9株）、鸡肠球菌（Enterococcus gallinarum,3株）、蒙氏肠球菌（Enterococcus mundtii,1株）、耐久肠球菌（Enterococcus durans,4株）。该研究采集的发酵乳样品中乳酸菌资源丰富，代表着内蒙古蒙古族传统发酵乳制品中优势性乳酸菌菌种，为优良发酵剂的研发奠定了微生物资源基础。     

六堡茶乳酸菌多样性及其降胆固醇特性分析

探究六堡茶渥堆发酵过程中乳酸菌多样性并筛选具有降胆固醇活性菌株，旨在评价其作为潜在益生菌的体外降胆固醇能力，预防人体因饮食不均衡导致的高血脂症。采用高通量测序、纯培养法分析不同渥堆发酵时期六堡茶中乳酸菌多样性，并对其体外降胆固醇能力、胃肠耐受性进行研究。结果表明，从25 个样品中共检测到乳酸菌4 个属（乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、魏斯氏菌属（Weissella）、乳球菌属（Lactococcus）和肠球菌属（Enterococcus））5 个种，其中乳杆菌属为优势菌。共分离得到76 株乳酸菌，包括55 株戊糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus pentosus）、3 株铅黄肠球菌（Enterococcus casseliflavus）、5 株类肠膜魏斯氏菌（Weissella paramesenteroides）、8 株希腊魏斯氏菌（Weissella hellenica）、5 株台湾乳球菌（Lactococcus taiwanensis）。通过乳酸菌体外降胆固醇实验，发现胆固醇去除率为0%～30%，其中戊糖乳杆菌L131的去除胆固醇率最高，为（29.56±0.37）%；在pH值分别约为3.0、8.0的人工胃液、人工胰液中，L131有最高存活率，分别为（92.70±0.71）%和（77.54±4.81）%，显著高于其他菌株（P＜0.05）。本研究探明六堡茶渥堆发酵过程中乳酸菌的多样性，且发现具有降胆固醇特性的优良乳酸菌株，为健康黑茶产品和茶源益生菌的开发提供理论基础。     

新疆伊犁地区乳品中发酵菌种的筛选及产酸性能研究

通过传统分离方法从新疆伊犁州乳品中初步分离纯化出71株乳酸菌,其中具有明显产酸凝乳特性的乳酸菌8株,经生理生化鉴定以及16S rRNA序列比对分析,确定8株乳酸菌的种属分别为德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus)、开菲尔乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens)、发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、乳酸明串球菌(Leuconostoc lactis)和粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)。对8株乳酸菌的生长性能、产酸性能、后酸化性能、感官特性等多个指标进行分析得出,德氏乳杆菌BSTS6-1、BSTS6-3、BSTS6-4生长速度快、产酸速率高,发酵乳风味纯正、组织形态良好且菌株后酸化能力弱,符合酸乳发酵菌种的基本特征。     

甘南牧区犏牛酸奶中优良乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

从甘南牧区采集的犏牛酸奶中分离得到76 株乳酸菌。筛选得到3 株凝乳快速、产酸力强、凝乳质地优良的乳酸菌菌株,包括1 株球菌和2 株杆菌。采用16S rRNA基因序列比对分析,鉴定3 株乳酸菌分别是屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、德氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus delbrueckii）和发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）。通过球杆菌混合发酵实验,结果表明混合菌株发酵的产酸速率比单菌株发酵明显加快,且后酸化程度较弱,其感官质量也明显优于单菌发酵。     

内蒙古腌制沙葱中乳酸菌分离鉴定

以采集自内蒙古腌制沙葱为研究对象,通过微生物纯培养方法分离培养其中乳酸菌。应用16S r RNA基因序列分析和系统发育关系研究手段,对分离菌株进行鉴定,并与其他地区不同种类发酵蔬菜中分离得到的乳酸菌进行比较。结果表明:共分离得到6株乳酸菌,包括2株干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei),2株乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis)、1株肠膜明串珠肠膜亚种(Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.mesenteroides)和1株Lactobacillus diolivorans。相比于其他地区发酵蔬菜中分离所得的乳酸菌,内蒙古腌制沙葱样品分离得到的乳酸菌数量虽少,但也具有特有菌种。     

传统中韩泡菜乳酸菌菌相分析与风味物质组成的比较

通过对传统中韩泡菜的发酵原料与工艺,乳酸菌菌相和风味物质组成进行比较,分析了传统中韩泡菜发酵过程中乳酸菌菌相的生态演替和风味物质组成。传统中国泡菜发酵过程中的优势乳酸菌为明串珠菌Leuconostoc、乳杆菌Lactobacillus、片球菌Pediococcus和肠球菌Enterococcus,产品的主体风味物质包括有机酸类、醇类和酯类。传统韩国泡菜发酵过程的优势乳酸菌为明串珠菌Leuconostoc、乳杆菌Lactobacillus、乳球菌Lactococcus和魏斯氏菌Weissella,其主体风味物质为含硫化合物。传统中韩泡菜发酵过程中的乳酸菌菌群演变和主体风味物质组成都存在较大差异。     

新疆传统乳品中产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选及益生特性的研究

以新疆塔城地区酸奶、酸马奶、鲜马奶样品为研究对象,采用传统的分离方法对样品中的乳酸菌进行分离,通过16S rRNA分析样品中微生物多样性,在优势菌株中通过苯酚-硫酸法筛选出高产胞外多糖的乳酸菌,测定菌株潜在的益生特性。结果显示,3份酸奶、4份酸马奶和3份鲜马奶共10份样品中分离鉴定出147株乳酸菌,优势菌株为屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）。筛选出3株高产胞外多糖的植物乳杆菌（菌株1-3,1-6,4-1）。潜在益生特性试验结果显示,3株菌均表现出一定的益生特性,其中菌株1-3较其他菌株有较强的肠道定植、降胆固醇能力和胆盐耐受性,其可作为潜在益生菌应用于功能性产品的开发。     

内蒙古传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的分离及其耐药性研究

以内蒙古通辽地区自制的奶豆腐和酸性奶油（乌日莫）为材料,采用稀释涂布法从中分离乳酸菌,通过分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,并对其耐药性进行研究。结果表明,共分离纯化得到80株乳酸菌,经鉴定,归属于13个种,分别为短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）、粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）、乳酸片球菌（Lactobacillus acidilacticii）、乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）、瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）、屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）、副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）、食二酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus digitalis）、奥塔基乳杆菌（Lactobacillus ottaki）、耐久肠球菌（Enterococcus durans）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、开菲尔乳杆菌（Lactobacillus kefir）,表现出高的生物多样性。80株乳酸菌对萘啶酸的耐药率为100%;对链霉素、环丙沙星、万古霉素的耐药率较高,分别为95.00%、80.00%、72.50%;对利福平和四环素的耐药率中等,分别为51.25%,45.00%;对红霉素、氯霉素的耐药率较低,分别为26.25%、23.75%。此外,76株（95%）的乳酸菌还具有多重耐药性。     

新疆喀什地区传统酸奶中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及产酸能力评价

为了解喀什地区传统发酵酸奶中乳酸菌的多样性和产酸能力,分别从喀什地区10个县市的29份农牧民自制的传统发酵酸奶中分离出59株乳酸菌,通过pH值和总酸度值的测定对菌种产酸能力进行评价;采用16S rDNA扩增序列比对,对分离菌种进行分子鉴定。结果表明,pH≤5. 05的菌株40株,约占分离数的67. 8%;总酸度值≥100°T的菌株36株,约占分离数的61. 02%。16S rDNA序列比对分析鉴定出屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)23株、发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)8株、耐久肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)7株、德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii)10株、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)4株,屎肠球菌为喀什地区传统酸奶中的优势菌种,占总测序数的44. 23%。该实验揭示了喀什地区传统酸奶中乳酸菌种类和特性,筛选出了优质菌种资源,丰富了本地区乳酸菌的种类多样性。     

Diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from AOC Salers cheese

The objective of this work was to describe the diversity of lactic acid bacteria in traditional raw milk Salers cheeses at the species and strain levels. The characterization of 381 strains isolated during ripening and various strain collections was investigated using physiological analysis and molecular techniques: Rep-PCR, species and genus specific amplifications and the sequence analysis of 16S rDNA for strain typing and taxonomic identification. The strains belonged to Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus garviae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus millieri, Streptococcus macedonicus and Pediococcus pentosaceus. A wide phenotypic and genomic heterogeneity was observed within the different species (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Leuconostoc mesenteroides) according to the origin and the time of ripening. The natural microflora was different from strain collection and each method must be combined to identify and characterize natural microflora. This study revealed the low selectivity of selective media used for the isolation of different groups of lactic acid bacteria except the Facultatively Heterofermentative lactobacilli medium selecting mesophile lactobacilli and SB medium selective for Enterococcus. The study reveals, for the first time, the microbial lactic acid bacteria community of Salers cheese and its diversity. A better knowledge of microbial flora will be useful to improve understanding of sensory quality of cheeses.     

Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria,isolated from lightly preserved fish products,as starter cultures for new fish-based food products

Lactic acid bacteria suitable for fish fermentation were selected and their capacity as starter cultures in fish raw material was evaluated. Of 23 strains of lactic acid bacteria which were isolated from lightly preserved herring products and identified by the Biolog system mainly as Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc spp., three strains, which grew well at 5–10°C in the presence of food preservatives, were chosen for evaluation. Qualitative changes in minced fish, inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, and stored at 10°C for 7 weeks, were examined by organoleptic, bacteriological and chemical methods, and were found to be strongly strain specific. Inhibition of the competitive flora was more significant in the samples inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus mesenteroides than in others. The best organoleptic and chemical results were obtained with Leuconostoc mesenteroides; this strain looks promising as a starter culture for fish fermentation and for the development of new fish products, which organoleptically resemble meat products.     

Monitoring the lactic acid bacterial diversity during shochu fermentation by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

The presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during shochu fermentation was monitored by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and by bacteriological culturing. No LAB were detected from fermented mashes by PCR-DGGE using a universal bacterial PCR primer set. However, PCR-DGGE using a new primer specific for the 16S rDNA of Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Enterococcus, and Vagococcus and two primers specific for the 16S rDNA of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella revealed that Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus nagelii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Weissella cibaria inhabited in shochu mashes. It was also found that the LAB community composition during shochu fermentation changed after the main ingredient and water were added during the fermentation process. Therefore, we confirmed that PCR-DGGE using all three primers specific for groups of LAB together was well suited to the study of the LAB diversity in shochu mashes. The results of DGGE profiles were similar to the results of bacteriological culturing. In conclusion, LAB are present during shochu fermentation but not dominant.     

内蒙古酸马奶中乳酸菌多样性的研究

采用16S rRNA基因全序列测定和聚类分析技术,对酸马奶中的乳酸菌进行了准确鉴定并构建了乳酸菌的系统发育树.然后对乳酸菌菌群进行了多样性分析,结果显示,酸马奶中的优势乳酸菌分别为:Lactobacillus plantarum(10%),Lactobacillus brevis(8%),Lactobacillus casei(7.8%),Enterococcus faecium(17%),Enterococcus faecalis(14%),Lactococcuslactis(19%),Lactobacillus acidlophilus(5%),Lactobacillus paracasei(2%),Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus(4%),Lactobacillus helveticus(4%),Enterococcus durans(4%),Leuconostoc mesenteroides (4%),Leuconostoc garlicum(1%),Streptococcus thermophilus(1%).     

Development of the microbial community during spontaneous cauliflower fermentation

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the microbial ecology during spontaneous cauliflower fermentation and to taxonomically characterize the dominating lactic acid microbiota. For this purpose, cauliflower fermentation was performed according to a traditional recipe originating from northern Greece. Lactic acid bacteria dominated fermentation already from the 3rd day. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16S-rRNA gene sequences exhibited that spontaneous cauliflower fermentation was characterized by an initial heterofermentative stage driven by strains belonging to Leuconostoc mesenteroides-group that was followed by a homofermentative one with strains of Lactobacillus plantarum-group dominating. Strains belonging to Enterococcus faecium-group and Enterococcus faecalis-group were also isolated but only at the early stages of fermentation.     

豆酱不同发酵阶段细菌群落多样性及动态变化分析

以东北传统自然发酵豆酱为研究对象,采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(polymerase chain reactiondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)技术结合高通量测序方法分析豆酱发酵过程中细菌的多样性及动态变化。结果显示,细菌的可操作分类单元数值在发酵过程中上下波动,并在后发酵第21天时达到最大值,此时细菌数目最多;整理分析PCR-DGGE图谱鉴定结果以及细菌在属水平上的分布得出,明串珠菌属、肠球菌属、四联球菌属和乳杆菌属为豆酱样品不同发酵阶段的优势细菌菌属,其中四联球菌属波动性较大,易受内外环境的影响;屎肠球菌、明串珠菌属、绿色魏斯菌随着发酵时间的延长在减少,说明这些细菌主要参与豆酱发酵初期产酶分解物质过程,并在整个发酵过程中起到调整发酵内环境等作用。     

孝感酒酿微生物多样性及优势菌特性研究

采用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术法检测不同酒酿样品中微生物多样性,发现酒酿中包含酿酒酵母属(Saccha-romyces sp.)、毕赤酵母属(Pichia sp.)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus sp.)和葡萄糖杆菌属(Gluconobacter sp.)等。从3种酒酿中分离3株优势酵母菌、1株乳酸杆菌和1株球菌,经鉴定为2株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、1株贝酵母(Saccharomyces bayanus)、坚韧肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)和植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。3株优势酵母菌MJN2、17JN2和MJN3表现了较强的产酒精能力,培养48h后,酒精产量分别达到1.4%vol、1.5%vol和2.2%vol,2株优势乳酸菌JN3和JN1表现出了较强的产酸能力,培养24h后,pH值分别达到5.13和3.69。     

rep-PCR指纹图谱技术在乳酸菌鉴定中的应用

采用了 rep-PCR指纹图谱技术,对分离自内蒙古通辽地区的传统发酵乳中的乳酸茵进行了鉴定和多样性分析.应用rep-PCR指纹图谱技术能够对实验茵株达到非常好的分辨能力.结果表明,该地区的乳酸菌呈现出非常高的多样性,其中Lactobcillus plantarum和Lactobacillus helveticus等6种菌种是这些传统发酵乳中常见的种,而植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum为优势种;而且还发现同一乳酸菌种群指纹图谱存在一些特征性的条带,这将为我们快速鉴定乳酸茵提供了理论依据.     

不同盐质量分数泡白菜发酵过程中乳酸菌群落结构的变化

设计3种不同盐质量分数的泡白菜,包括低盐(2%)、中盐(5%)、高盐(8%),利用可培养方法结合多种分子生物学手段研究其发酵过程中乳酸菌的群落结构。结果表明:盐质量分数越低,乳酸菌增长速率越快。本研究从3种不同盐质量分数泡白菜发酵过程中分离筛选得到了563株乳酸菌,并采用16S rDNA测序、多重聚合酶链式反应、聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性、API 50CH等多种不同的鉴定方法进行鉴定,鉴定结果表明这563株乳酸菌属于5个属11个种。结果表明,低盐泡白菜发酵前期的优势菌为Lactococcus lactis、Lactobacillus pentosus和Leuconostoc,发酵后期则由Lactobacillus pentosus主导;中高盐泡白菜发酵前期由Lactobacillus pentosus和Weissella主导,发酵后期主要由Lactobacillus pentosus完成。     

发酵香肠中分离纯化的三株乳酸菌产酸特性研究

为了研究从发酵香肠中分离纯化的3株乳酸菌粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)和肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)的产酸性能,对这3株菌在不同pH、温度、NaCl、NaNO2条件下的生长情况及产酸情况进行了测定。研究结果显示:这3株菌中,肠膜明串珠菌和戊糖片球菌的生长特性较好;粪肠球菌的生长特性虽不如肠膜明串珠菌和戊糖片球菌,但产酸能力最好,戊糖片球菌耐盐性最好、肠膜明串珠菌耐亚硝酸盐的特性最好;在不同温度和pH条件的测试中,肠膜明串珠菌的生长能力最好,粪肠球菌次之。这3株乳酸菌在发酵肉制品中均产生乳酸。总之,这3株菌均具有用于发酵制备乳酸的能力。