石墨高温粘接部件的抗热震性能研究

以酚醛树脂（Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin,PF)和B4C、SiO2为原料制备了高温粘结剂，并对石墨材料进行高温粘接，同时考察了粘接石墨制品经历ΔT=800℃和ΔT＝1000℃温度交变后的抗热震性能。结果表明，用该粘结剂粘接的石墨样品有着优良的抗热震性能，经历数次热震后其强度保持率仍然较高。此外，还对影响粘接样品抗热震性能的因素进行了理论探讨，指出优化原料性质、提高热处理温度、控制胶层厚度等对提高抗热震性能有重要的影响。     

微裂纹复相陶瓷材料的抗热震机制

简要评述了材料内自发微裂纹对抗热震性能的影响及理论评价误差,定性分析了微裂纹化复相材料的抗热震行为机制。     

Fe3Al(p)/Al2O3陶瓷基复合材料的抗热震性能

采用热压烧结制备了Fe3Al(p)／Al2O3复合材料，通过分析R曲线与热应力强度因子K曲线的相关性，对Fe3Al(p)／Al2O3复合材料抗热震性能进行分析预测．结果表明，理论预测与采用淬冷强度法得到的实验结果吻合较好，Fe3Al的加入使复合材料的抗热震性能明显改善，△Tc由单相的200℃提高至复合材料的→400℃，复合材料较单相Al2O3高的断裂韧性、导热率、及低的弹性模量和，(p)是导致其抗热震性能提高的主要原因。     

石墨渗铜喉衬材料抗热震性能评价

介绍了粗粒级石墨高温加压渗铜工艺研究，对石墨渗铜材料及通用的五种石墨材料进行了抗热震性能评价。结果表明，石墨渗铜材料具有较好的抗热震性能，解决了高性能战术导弹和航天飞行器高压强大流量固体火箭发动机（ＳＲＭ）喉衬材料的关键技术。     

硬质涂层抗热震性的研究方法与评价

抗热震性是硬质涂层的重要性能之一,直接影响到硬质涂层的使用效果和使用寿命。简述了硬质涂层热震损伤的热弹性理论和能量理论以及氧化损伤机理,讨论了硬质涂层抗热震性的测试及表征方法。对硬质涂层热震损伤的主要影响因素进行了详细分析和评价,提出了改善硬质涂层抗热震性能的方法和途径。     

金属—陶瓷透气性复合材料的热震性研究

对Ｆｅ－α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ｍｕｌｌｉｔｅ系透气性能金属－陶瓷复合材料进行了热震试验，研究了热震温度与热震次数对该材料的强度与显气孔率的影响，结果表明，该材料具有较好的抗热震性能，临界热震温度为３００℃，热震对显气孔率影响不显著。     

可加工Al2O3/BN纳米复合材料的抗热震性能

通过原位化学包覆工艺制备的可加工Al2O3/BN纳米复合材料,其抗热震性能明显优于Al2O3基体材料.热震温差△Tc从195℃提高到约395℃,抗热震损伤性能也得到相应的改善.高的抗热震断裂性能源于材料的弹性模量的大幅下降和保持了较高的强度;而优良的抗热震损伤性能则是因为具有弱层间结合的BN易产生大量的微裂纹,屏蔽了热弹性应变能,从而使热震裂纹趋向于准静态扩张.     

氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料的阻力曲线行为及其抗热震性能

采用压痕-弯曲强度法获得了Al₂O₃-SiC_W和Al₂O₃-TiC_P陶瓷基复合材料的裂纹扩展阻力曲线(R-曲线),并测试了材料的抗热震性能,分析了材料的阻力曲线行为与其抗热震性能之间的内在联系。结果表明:材料的阻力曲线行为与抗热震性之间存在明显的相关性。热震引起材料强度的下降幅度与其阻力曲线的陡峭程度及上升幅度有关。阻力曲线越陡峭,上升幅度越大,抗热震性也越好。其中Al₂O₃-SiC_W复合材料显示出更为优越的抗裂纹扩展能力与抗热震性能。扫描电镜观察及理论分析显示:晶须的拔出与桥联补强增韧机制是产生这一现象的主要原因。     

太阳能热发电中储能容器防护涂层的制备与研究

为延长贮有高温金属相变材料容器的使用寿命,在其表面制备了防护涂层.对几种不同配方涂层的抗热震性能、力学性能、耐蚀性能及使用寿命进行了分析,结果表明,涂层的抗热震性能好,涂层与基体结合强度较高,涂层在一定温度限制下具有较好的耐蚀性,而且容器材料的使用寿命也得到很大的延长.     

陶瓷／金属梯度热障涂层的制备及性能评价

为了评价陶瓷／金属梯度热障涂层的性能，设计了4种涂层方案和2种基体材料（1Cr18Ni9Ti和2Cr13）．利用单枪单送粉器成功地制备了线性梯度涂层．通过观察涂层的微观结构、测量涂层的抗热震性能和热残余应力来评价涂层的性能．利用扫描电镜对各种陶瓷涂层的微观结构进行了观察和分析，利用X射线能谱分析得到了陶瓷梯度涂层试样中的不同区域的衍射图．热震试验表明，梯度涂层比非梯度涂层具有更好的抗热震性能．采用钻孔法对不同涂层方案进行了残余应力的测量，结果表明，压应力出现在1Cr18Ni9Ti基体材料上，而拉应力出现在2Cr13基体材料上．     

Study on biomimetic staggered composite for better thermal shock resistance

Inspired by the fact that biological composites have the excellent resistance to mechanical shock, we systematically studied the thermal shock resistance of biomimetic staggered composite via analytical, computational and experimental approaches. The effective stiffness, coefficient of thermal expansion and maximum thermal stress predicted by our theoretical model agree well with finite element simulations. By sacrificing part of stiffness, an optimized microstructure can be obtained, in which the maximum thermal stress of the composites can be much lower than that of homogenous hard material. Finally, the thermal shock experiment on the material system of glass–epoxy were done, and the result supports our conclusions. This study provides an alternating way for material design to achieve high thermal shock resistance.     

舰船设备抗冲击能力的可靠性分析

在进行舰船设备系统抗冲击设计及优化分析中,必须要确定舰船设备的抗冲击能力值,而影响设备冲击响应的多种随机因素使设备抗冲击能力具有随机性。本文提出了考虑各种随机因素影响的设备抗冲击能力可靠性的定义和分析方法,结合神经网络建立了设备冲击响应预测模型,在数值冲击试验基础上,结合Monte Carlo法分析了典型舰船设备抗冲击能力的统计特征。分析方法和结果可为今后舰船设备及系统的抗冲击性能分析、舰船系统抗冲击性能评估提供参考。     

基于第一抗热震因子的BN纳米管/Si_3N_4复合材料抗热震性能评价

利用Kingery抗热震断裂理论构建了BN纳米管(BNNTs)强韧化陶瓷复合材料的第一抗热震因子模型,通过真空热压烧结法制备了四组BNNTs含量分别为0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%和2.0wt%的BNNTs/Si_3N_4复合材料,并采用水浴淬冷法和三点弯曲法测试了复合材料的抗热震性能(震后弯曲强度和临界热震断裂温差)。测试结果验证了在急剧加热和急剧冷却条件下第一抗热震因子模型的正确性。结果表明:添加BNNTs使BNNTs/Si_3N_4复合材料第一抗热震因子增大,抗热震性能提升。分布在晶界上的BNNTs起到裂纹钉扎、桥联和裂纹偏转作用,增加了裂纹扩展的阻力;纳米管孔隙的存在改变了裂纹扩展路径,提高了BNNTs/Si_3N_4的断裂韧度,从而有效提高了其抗热震断裂能力。     

陶瓷圆球的抗热震参数

在陶瓷材料临界应力断裂理论的基础上，通过求解陶瓷圆球体第三类边界条件的瞬态温度场和瞬态热应力场，研究了陶瓷圆球的热冲击行为，建立了一个引起陶瓷圆球表面临界应力的临界温差表达式，并以此作为陶瓷圆球的抗热震参数。计算结果表明，陶瓷圆球体的临界温差大于相同Biot模数的无限大陶瓷平板的临界温差，但其表面达到临界热应力的无量纲时间远远小于无限大平板的数值。     

舰载设备抗冲击试验系统建模与仿真

为使冲击试验机的模拟试验更贴近于实际水下爆炸环境，提高舰船及其设备的抗冲击能力，满足最新抗冲击标准的要求，提出了以液压系统为动力源的新型重载双波冲击试验机系统的模型结构，解决了正负波实现过程中的关键性技术，构建了系统的精确动力学模型。为了对系统在不同测试条件下的参数配置和达到的预期性能进行考察，分别针对BV043／85标准提出的三类设备的冲击环境进行了仿真。仿真结果表明，该系统可以产生与最新抗冲击标准BV043／85和MIL—S-901D相吻合的冲击加速度波形，为实际冲击试验机系统的设计建造提供了理论依据。     

Erhöhung der Thermoschockbeständigkeit von Sinterglas und Keramik über das Verbundwerkstoffkonzept

Increasing the Thermal Shock Resistance of Sintered Glass and Ceramics by the Composite Materials Concept The thermal shock resistance of brittle materials such as glass and ceramics is one of their weaknesses. Pores and above all incorporated second phases in these materials alter these properties which are decisive for thermal shock behavior, and may therefore increase this behavior in a precalculable manner. The present paper will first theoretically demonstrate when and why porosity leads to an improvement in thermal shock resistance. The thermal shock resistance for porous borosilicate sintered glass and porous eutectic calcium titanate ceramic are calculated and compared to experimental values. They confirm

• that low porosities lead to an improvement in thermal shock resistance
• that the thermal shock resistance has a maximum at a certain porosity and
• that above certain porosities the presence of pores deteriorates the thermal shock resistance.

If one considers porous materials as a special case of composite materials then relations valid for composite materials can be transferred to porous materials (“composite material concept”) and viceversa. This is investigated using the examples of borosilicate sintered glass with incorporated antimony particles and eutectic calcium titanate ceramic with incorporated paladium particles. In the case of the glass-antimony composite material, improvements in thermal shock resistance of about 15% with 10 vol% antimony incorporation were calculated and confirmed experimentally, while for calcium titanate-paladium composite materials a 15% improvement in thermal shock resistance was already achieved with about 5 vol% of the metallic phase.     

基于第二抗热震因子的BNNTs/Si3N4复合材料抗热震性能评价

利用Kingery抗热震断裂理论构建了氮化硼纳米管（BNNTs）强韧化陶瓷复合材料的第二抗热震因子模型,通过真空热压烧结法制备了BNNTs质量分数分别为0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%和2.0wt%的BNNTs/Si₃N₄复合材料,并采用预制裂纹法测试了复合材料的抗热震性能,测试结果证实了在平稳状态下模型的正确性。结果表明,BNNTs的存在使复合材料第二抗热震因子增大,抗热震性能提升。分布在晶界上的BNNTs起到裂纹钉扎、桥联和裂纹偏转作用,增加了裂纹扩展的阻力,从而有效提高了BNNTs/Si₃N₄复合材料抗热震断裂能力。     

Theoretical and experimental considerations on the thermal shock resistance of sintered glasses and ceramics using modelled microstructure-property correlations

The thermal shock resistance of brittle materials such as glass and ceramics is one of their weaknesses. Pores and other incorporated second phases in these materials alter these properties which are decisive for thermal shock behaviour, and may therefore increase this behaviour in a precalculable manner. It has been theoretically demonstrated when and why porosity leads to an improvement in thermal shock resistance. The thermal shock resistance for porous borosilicate sintered glass and porous eutectic calcium titanate ceramic have been calculated and compared to experimental values. The results confirm that low porosities lead to an improvement in thermal shock resistance, that the thermal shock resistance has a maximum at a certain porosity, and that above certain porosities, the presence of pores deteriorates the thermal shock resistance. If porous materials are considered as a special case of composite materials, then relations valid for porous materials can be transferred to composite materials and vice versa (composite concept). This has been investigated using the examples of borosilicate sintered glass with incorporated antimony particles and eutectic calcium titanate ceramic with incorporated paladium particles. In the case of the glass-antimony composite material, improvements in thermal shock resistance of about 15% with 10 vol % antimony incorporation, were calculated and confirmed experimentally, while for calcium titanate-palladium composite materials, a 15% improvement in thermal shock resistance was already achieved with about 5 vol % metallic phase.Deceased.