Hydrogen peroxide oxidative desulfurization of model diesel mixtures using azacrown ethers

Hydrogen peroxide oxidative desulfurization of model diesel fuel mixtures in the presence of azacrown ethers and their complexes with niobium pentachloride at 40–80°C has been studied. It has been found that the use of complexes of azacrown ethers with NbCl₅ leads to a decrease in the total sulfur content in the model mixtures to 13% of the initial amount. The structure of the azacrown ether used has little effect on the extent of desulfurization of the model mixture.     

Oxidation Desulfurization of Model Sulfur Compound in the Presence of the Catalyst of Sodium Tungstate and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate

An oxidation desulfurization process for model sulfur compound has been investigated using sodium tungstate and sodium hydrogen sulfate as the catalyst and 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. The effect of the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the amount of the oxidizing agent and the catalyst on the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) were investigated. The sulfur compound was extracted with the solvent after oxidization. The higher removal of DBT was up to nearly 80%.     

FCC汽油光催化氧化脱硫的实验室研究

采用光催化氧化与液液萃取同时进行的方法，考察了光敏剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的用量、pH值、双氧水体积分数和反应时间对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明，在光源为主波长365nm的300W中压汞灯，双氧水体积分数为25％，FCC汽油与双氧水体积比为1：3，总体积为120mL，加入0．20g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，以7000r／min高速均质5min，pH值为4，光照10h的实验条件下，FCC汽油脱硫率可达91．20％；脱硫后的双氧水及光敏剂可以重复使用，不会造成二次污染。     

Oxidation Desulfurization of Model Sulfur Compound in the Presence of the Catalyst of Sodium Tungstate and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate

Abstract

An oxidation desulfurization process for model sulfur compound has been investigated using sodium tungstate and sodium hydrogen sulfate as the catalyst and 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. The effect of the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the amount of the oxidizing agent and the catalyst on the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) were investigated. The sulfur compound was extracted with the solvent after oxidization. The higher removal of DBT was up to nearly 80%.     

Reduction of sulfur content in shale oil by oxidative desulfurization

The oxidative desulfurization of shale oil obtained by thermal extraction of organic matter from shale rock using an oxidative catalytic system composed of hydrogen peroxide, a molybdenum salt, and acids of different natures has been studied. It has been shown that the application of this method in combination with extraction of the oxidation products of organic sulfur compounds makes it possible to remove up to 94% of total sulfur from the synthetic oil.     

Desulfurization of Middle Distillates by Oxidation and Extraction Process

In this work, we studied the desulfurization of Straight Run Gas Oil (SRGO) and diesel by selective oxidation and extraction of sulfur-containing compounds. The oxidation was carried out with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide at 30 wt% and acetic acid as catalyst. The extraction of the corresponding sulfones was performed with polar solvents (e.g., acetonitrile, methanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, and γ-butyrolactone). The SRGO has a sulfur content of 13,985 ppmw while diesel has 390 ppmw, the results showed sulfur removal to levels as low as 92 ppmw for diesel. From a consideration of the above results, a preliminary estimation of investment for a desulfuration process for hydrotreated diesel was done.     

Oxidative desulfurization of catalytically cracked gasolines produced from blended Baku oils

Oxidative desulfurization of catalytically cracked gasolines, produced from a blend of Baku crude oils, with hydrogen peroxide in a formic acid medium under phase-transfer catalysis conditions using pyridine and acetonitrile as ligands has been studied. It has been found that running the process under these conditions on heterogeneous catalysts containing Mo and Co ions makes it possible to decrease the residual sulfur content in the gasolines from 200 to 33–40 ppm.     

三元低共熔溶剂促进球磨后高硫石油焦氧化脱硫

为实现高硫石油焦的有效脱硫使其“变废为宝”,本研究提出了一种基于机械球磨的高硫石油焦氧化脱硫新方法。首先使用球磨技术对高硫石油焦进行预处理,以增加石油焦的比表面积,暴露更多硫参与氧化。实验结果表明：与氧化钙共球磨后石油焦比表面积增加了8倍以上;在高硫石油焦球磨预处理的基础上,以苯磺酸基三元低共熔溶剂(DES)为反应溶剂及催化剂,30%双氧水(H₂O₂)为氧化剂,在70℃的温和条件下成功实现高硫石油焦的氧化脱硫,其硫质量分数可从4.46%降至2.09%。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)探究了石油焦球磨及氧化脱硫前后结构的变化。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及XRD分析了石油焦中硫的转化。通过电子自旋共振(ESR)试验证实了苯磺酸基三元DES的催化作用。     

One-Step Oxidation–Desulfurization of FCC Gasoline Catalyzed by Tungstophosphoric Acid

Abstract

The sulfur compounds in fluid catalytic cracked (FCC) gasoline were removed with a one-step oxidation–extraction method. Tungstophosphoric acid (HPWA), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and ethanol were used as catalyst, oxidant, and solvent, respectively. TBHP has a higher desulfurization degree and oil yield than hydrogen peroxide, and HPWA exhibited higher desulfurization degree and oil yield than the other kinds of acids. The one-step process has a higher desulfurization degree than the two-step process. The optimal operating parameters were obtained as follows: the catalyst amount was 5 wt%, the mole ratio of oxygen in the oxidant to the sulfur in the gasoline (O/S) was 10, the reaction temperature was 60°C, and the reaction time was 2 hr. Under these conditions, the desulfurization degree and yield of oil were both in the range of 85–90%.     

Prediction of dibenzothiophene conversion in the ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization process

In order to produce ultra-low sulfur diesel, ultrasound-assisted oxidation desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was carried out with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Due to its complexity, ultrasound-assisted oxidation process lacks a precise analytical solution. This paper explores the application of linear multiple regression and neural network for the prediction of dibenzothiophene conversion. Models were employed with respect to hydrogen peroxide dosage, temperature, reaction time, initial DBT concentration, and rate constant. The most accurate results were achieved by neural network model. Developed models facilitate future research in terms of better understanding the influence of process conditions of DBT conversion.     

Ultrasound assisted photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of model diesel fuel

Ultrasound assisted photocatalytic oxidation technology is an efficient and gentle technology to remove the organic sulfur from diesel. The influence parameters of catalytic oxidation phase include catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, oxidation time, hydrogen peroxide to diesel fuel ratio and time of the extraction process. Furthermore, the comparison of the results under two conditions of ultrasound irradiation and mechanical agitation are also specially examined. The obtained results indicate that under the optimal condition, ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) is more efficient for sulfur removal which the desulfurization degree can be reached 99.47%.     

Oxidative desulfurization of straight-run diesel fraction on vanadium–molybdenum catalysts

It has been shown that the most appropriate and simple process for desulfurization of motor fuels is the direct oxidation of sulfur compounds with atmospheric oxygen on heterogeneous catalysts based on transition metal oxides. The feasibility of oxidation of thiophene with atmospheric oxygen in a model mixture with dodecane over vanadium–molybdenum catalysts has been shown, as well as that of oxidative desulfurization of actual straight-run diesel fraction. The activity of a number of samples of oxidative of desulfurization catalysts has been examined, the composition of the most effective catalyst has been determined, and optimum process conditions have been found.     

超重力反应器低分气脱硫处理研究

针对盘锦北方沥青股份有限公司200 kt/a环烷基馏分油加氢装置存在低分气中硫化氢脱除效果波动较大及工艺炉的空气预热器腐蚀严重等问题,结合超重力反应器可强化传质并高效的特点,中国石油化工股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院开发了超重力反应器-钠法低分气脱硫技术,并进行了工业试验研究。结果表明:(1)旋转床脱硫技术脱硫效率受液气比影响,当液气比大于0.5 L/m~3时,即可保证硫化氢脱除率大于99.5%;(2)旋转床脱硫技术脱硫效率受碱耗影响,当钠硫比大于1.0时,即可保证硫化氢脱除率大于99.5%;(3)钠硫比对生成吸收液的pH值影响较大,碱耗一定的情况下,液气比对生成吸收液的pH值没有影响。旋转床脱硫技术长周期连续运转期间,装置运行平稳,脱硫化氢效果稳定,出口硫化氢质量分数始终低于400μg/g,脱除率大于99.0%。     

催化裂化柴油空气氧化脱硫工艺研究

实验以空气作氧化剂,甲酸作催化剂,甲醇作萃取剂,以催化氧化反应与溶剂萃取相结合法,对催化裂化柴油进行氧化萃取脱硫。经单因素实验考察了催化剂用量、催化氧化温度、时间、空气压力及萃取剂的用量等对催化裂化柴油硫含量的影响。适宜的脱硫条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间60 min,空气压力0.6 MPa,催化剂用量10%(与柴油的体积比)。经催化氧化,柴油硫含量可由1 694.2μg/g降至347.3μg/g,脱硫率达79.5%。     

催化裂化柴油氧化萃取脱硫工艺研究

以氧气作氧化剂,甲酸作催化剂,N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）作萃取剂,采用催化氧化反应与溶剂萃取相结合的方法对催化裂化柴油进行了氧化萃取脱硫实验。通过单因素实验考察了催化剂用量,催化氧化温度、时间、氧气压力及萃取剂的用量等对催化裂化柴油硫含量的影响。通过实验得出最适宜的脱硫条件为：反应温度80℃;反应时间90min;充氧压力0．6MPa;催化剂体积分数为10％。经催化氧化,柴油硫质量分数可从1694．2μg/g降到190．8μg/g,脱硫率达到88．7％;在剂油比为1．0和室温条件下,用NMP三级萃取,柴油硫质量分数为37．5μg/g,小于50μg/g,达到欧Ⅳ排放标准的要求。     

降低减压渣油延迟焦化石油焦产品硫含量的研究

基于砜与亚砜的化学键键能低于噻吩化学键能，提出采用乙酸/双氧水氧化体系对减压渣油进行预氧化处理以降低延迟焦化石油焦产品的硫含量，同时考察了氧化减黏、水力空化强化氧化-减黏等工艺对延迟焦化石油焦硫含量的影响。结果表明，空化压力8 MPa，处理1次，并在410 ℃下减黏1 h时石油焦硫含量的降低效果最佳，硫质量分数由初始的4.12%降低至3.21%，同时产品分布数据表明，此条件下石油焦产率降低2.35百分点，液体收率提高1.93百分点。     

WO_3/SBA-15催化剂的制备及其氧化脱硫性能

以介孔SBA-15分子筛为载体,采用两种不同钨源(H_2WO_4和H_2C_2O_4、H_2WO_4和H_2O_2)通过浸渍法制备了WO_3/SBA-15催化剂;采用X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱法对介孔SBA-15分子筛和WO_3/SBA-15催化剂进行了表征;以硫含量为500μg/g的模拟汽油为原料进行氧化脱硫反应,反应后油相用1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮萃取,考察了萃取剂用量、催化剂用量、氧化反应温度和反应时间对脱硫率的影响。表征结果显示,WO_3/SBA-15催化剂有规则的二维六方介孔结构,WO_3在载体上高度分散。实验结果表明,以H_2WO_4和H_2C_2O_4为钨源制备的WO_3/SBA-15催化剂的脱硫效果较好,在反应温度320 K、反应时间120 min、模拟汽油60 mL、催化剂用量0 12 g、双氧水0.57 mL、萃取剂与模拟汽油体积比0.50、萃取时间5 min的条件下,脱硫率可达94.05%。     

离子液体合成及多级逆流萃取脱硫的串级实验法验证研究

通过两步合成法合成了1-庚基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体（[C7MIM]BF4）,以30%的过氧化氢作氧化剂,考察了其在不同剂油比、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取速率下对汽油的脱硫效果,确定了最佳脱硫条件,计算出离子液体多级逆流萃取脱硫的理论级数,并在此条件下平行做三组串级实验,进行多级逆流萃取脱硫的模拟验证。结果表明,在V([C7MIM]BF4):V(H2O2):V(Oil)=1:1:10、反应温度60 ℃、震荡速率600 r/min的条件下反应60 min后,一次脱硫率达到77 %,采用四级逆流萃取脱硫后,汽油的硫质量分数由155 μg/g降至10 μg/g以下,脱硫率达到94 %,汽油回收率达到95 %,具有较好的工业应用前景。     

过氧乙酸处理催化柴油脱硫过程的数学模拟

 用过氧乙酸溶液对催化柴油进行氧化和萃取处理，探索了柴油氧化萃取脱硫的变化规律。依据反应动力学和萃取相平衡原理，确定了过氧乙酸生成动力学方程、催化柴油中有机硫化物符合顺序氧化机制的反应动力学方程、硫化物液液相平衡方程，建立了催化柴油过氧乙酸氧化与萃取的脱硫模型方程。通过模型参数估值，建立了催化柴油脱硫数学模型。模型预测结果表明，柴油脱硫率随着双氧水过氧化氢质量分数提高呈现先提高后降低的变化趋势，随着双氧水与乙酸体积比的减小或柴油与氧化溶液体积比的降低呈提高的变化趋势，随着氧化处理时间的延长呈先增大后降低的变化趋势。     

Span-60乳化剂用于流化催化裂化柴油氧化脱硫

以Span-60为乳化剂、双氧水为氧化剂、固载磷钨酸的半焦为催化剂,对流化催化裂化(FCC)柴油进行氧化脱硫;考察了反应时间、反应温度、Span-60乳化剂用量和双氧水用量对脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明,FCC柴油氧化脱硫的优化反应条件为:反应时间60m in、反应温度60℃、Span-60乳化剂用量(基于FCC柴油的质量分数)0.6%、双氧水用量(基于FCC柴油的质量分数)2%、催化剂用量(基于FCC柴油的质量分数)1.2%。在此条件下对FCC柴油进行氧化脱硫,FCC柴油中的硫含量由1 400μg/g降至84μg/g,脱硫率达94%。气相色谱分析结果显示,氧化脱硫后FCC柴油中的苯并噻吩衍生物、二苯并噻吩及其衍生物基本上被脱除。