高温空气氧化作用下低铝含量FeCrAl涂层的组织演变（英文）

通过磁控溅射技术在Zr-4合金基体上沉积了厚度约为18μm的FeCrAl涂层,以提高Zr合金的高温抗氧化性能。通过空气氧化实验研究了低Al含量的FeCrAl涂层抗氧化性能。为了评估涂层界面演变和元素迁移之间的关系,采用了场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和掠入射X射线衍射仪进行了深入分析。结果表明,尽管FeCrAl涂层在1000℃空气氧化后会出现分层剥落,但该涂层仍然有效地保护了Zr-4合金基体不被氧化。FeCrAl涂层性能下降的主要原因是高温下Al元素严重向外扩散以及Fe、Cr元素向内扩散,最终导致涂层内部分层和剥落。此外,还讨论了FeCrAl涂层在800、900和1000℃时的空气氧化行为。     

高温预析出后7055铝合金局部腐蚀性能和时效硬化

研究了高温预析出对Al-Zn—Mg—Cu系7055合金的应力腐蚀、晶间腐蚀和剥蚀行为以及时效硬化的影响，并通过对预析出／时效组织的透射电镜观察，阐述了预析出对7055合金各种腐蚀行为和时效硬化的影响。组织观察及腐蚀性能和力学性能测试结果表明：高温预析出处理可使7055合金抗应力腐蚀性能得到明显改善，合金应力腐蚀开裂界限应力强度因子局KISCC由7．4MPa·m^1/2提高至9．8MPa·m^1/2，合金抗拉强度仍能保持在680MPa左右。经高温预析出处理后的7055合金晶间腐蚀、剥蚀敏感性降低，7055合金的剥蚀等级由EC降为EA-。同时，高温预析出处理使晶界析出相粗化显著、离散度增大，晶界平衡析出相的Cu含量为60．18at％，且晶界析出相Cu含量提高。     

Si对Ni-Cr-Mo合金熔覆层高温耐腐蚀性能的影响

为研究Si含量对Ni-Cr-Mo系合金熔覆层耐高温腐蚀性能的影响，利用激光熔覆技术制备了4种不同Si含量的熔覆层。采用失重法测试了4种熔覆层在模拟垃圾发电腐蚀环境中多种温度下的耐腐蚀性能。通过对4种熔覆层在600及650℃下腐蚀产物的特性分析，发现Si的加入有助于腐蚀产物中富Cr氧化皮的稳定性。还可以通过“钉扎”作用提升富Cr氧化皮与基体的粘结性，从而有效提高熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能。但Si含量并非越多越好。当温度提升到600℃以上，含3%(质量分数，下同)Si的合金展现了最佳的耐腐蚀性能。这是由于含3%Si的合金腐蚀层中形成了一层保护性的SiO₂，有助于耐腐蚀性能的提升。而含1%Si的合金由于Si含量较低，含5%Si的合金由于Si的偏析严重，均未能形成有效的SiO₂保护层。     

High-Temperature Corrosion of Nickel Alloy TsNK7P with a Protective Aluminide Coating

Comprehensive studies aimed at developing a procedure for accelerated corrosion tests and investigating the high-temperature gas corrosion of a nickel alloy TsNK7P with an aluminosilicide coating were carried out. The kinetics and peculiar properties of the corrosion process were studied.     

Mechanism of Degradation of Titanium Alloy IMI 834 and Its Protection Under Hot Corrosion Conditions

The excellent combination of high-temperature strength and lightweight properties makes titanium-base alloys attractive for high-temperature applications in aircraft engines. However, more hot corrosion of titanium alloys is a life-limiting factor, particularly when aircraft fly at low altitudes across the sea. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to understand the degradation mechanism of titanium alloy, IMI 834 under hot corrosion conditions at elevated temperatures. The hot corrosion studies were carried out by determining weight loss at different temperatures and in salts of pure Na₂SO₄, 90% Na₂SO₄+10% NaCl and 90% Na₂SO₄+5% NaCl+5% V₂O₅. Subsequently, the rate constants were evaluated. The depth of attack due to hot corrosion was compared with oxidation data. Finally, the degradation mechanism of the titanium alloy that leads to degradation of mechanical properties in aggressive environments has been discussed and suitable coatings suggested to enhance the operational life of engines by effectively preventing both oxidation and hot corrosion.     

高温预析出对Al-Zn-Mg合金板材应力腐蚀断裂的影响

研究了高温预析出对7A52合金组织、时效硬化和应力腐蚀断裂的影响。结果表明：高温预析出处理在保持7A52合金强度、塑性的同时，可提高合金抗应力腐蚀性能。480℃固溶处理条件下，经过预析出处理后，合金应力腐蚀开裂界限应力强度因子局KISCC由7．6MPa．m^1/2。提高至9．1MPa．m^1/2，475℃固溶处理条件下，经过预析出处理后，KISCC由8．9MPa．m^1/2。提高至11．1MPa．m^1/2;未经预析出处理的7A52合金应力腐蚀断裂区发生严重的阳极溶解腐蚀，晶界和亚晶界均发生断裂，经高温预析出处理后，应力腐蚀裂纹仅沿平行晶界扩展；高温预析出处理使晶界析出相粗化显著、离散度增大且晶界析出相Cu含量提高，这是合金抗应力腐蚀性能得到显著改善的重要原因。     

Principles of Alloying of High-Temperature Nickel Alloys Resistant to High-Temperature Corrosion

Problems of alloying of high-temperature nickel alloys resistant to high-temperature corrosion in combustion products of low-grade fuel are considered. The relationship between the structure and properties of alloys and the alloying set that provides high service characteristics is studied. The obtained dependences are used to create new alloys resistant to high-temperature corrosion. Their structure and properties are described.     

HCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Thermal Cycling Conditions and the Effect of Preoxidation

Gaseous HCl released during combustion is one reason for the severe materials degradation often encountered in power generation from waste and biomass. In this study, three stainless steels (the low alloyed EN 1.4982, the standard EN 1.4301 and the higher alloyed EN 1.4845) were tested by repeated thermal cycling in an environment comprising N₂?C10%O₂?C5%H₂O?C0.05%HCl at both 400 and 700 °C. The materials were exposed with ground surfaces and preoxidised at 400 or 700 °C. A positive effect of preoxidation is evident when alloys are exposed at 400 °C. Oxide layers formed during preoxidation effectively suppress chlorine ingress for all three materials, while chlorine accumulation at the metal/oxide interface is detected for surface ground specimens. The positive effect of preoxidation is lost at 700 °C and corrosion resistance is dependent on alloying level. At 700 °C metal chloride evaporation contributes significantly to the material degradation. Based on the results, high temperature corrosion in chlorinating environments is discussed in general terms.     

显微组织对G3合金点蚀倾向的影响

针对HastelloyG-3型镍基合金(G3合金)油套管腐蚀问题,通过动电位扫描,结合现代微观分析方法分析腐蚀产物等,研究显微组织结构对G3合金点蚀倾向的影响。结果表明,通过1170℃×60min(水冷)处理可以使组织均匀化并获得很好的室温γ相单相组织从而提高G3合金耐点蚀倾向;蚀孔易产生于晶界处、夹杂物处或基体析出相处,蚀孔底部产生的闭塞电池促使Fe、Cr、Ni溶解而生成含O、S的团状化合物,从而促使点蚀的发生。     

合金元素对钒基贮氢合金腐蚀性能的影响分析

在钒基固溶体贮氢合金V3TiNi0.56中添加合金元素Co和Y,并进行了全浸腐蚀和电化学腐蚀试验.结果表明,Co和Y能有效提高V3TiNi0.56合金的耐腐蚀性能,特别是在V3TiNi056中复合添加合金元素0.3％Co和0.1％Y后,合金在6 mol/L的KOH溶液中全浸腐蚀200 h后的质量损失率从1.65％降至0.10％,在该碱液中的腐蚀电位从-1.178 V正移至-0.0917 V,耐腐蚀性能大大提高,具有较好的工程应用价值.     

6016铝合金高温流变应力行为研究

在变形温度为420～540℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s-1的条件下,在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上采用圆柱体等温热压试验对6016铝合金的热变形流变应力行为进行研究,讨论实验条件对应变硬化指数n和应变速率敏感性指数m的影响.结果表明:6016铝合金流变应力受应变速率和变形温度的影响明显,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大;当温度大于420℃时,应变硬化指数n受温度和应变速率的影响较小;当温度为500℃、应变速率为0.001 s-1时,其应变速率敏感性指数m达到0.3036;可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述6016铝合金热压缩变形时的流变应力行为;热变形流变应力的拟合曲线与实验曲线能很好吻合.     

钼对Zn-Fe合金镀层耐蚀性的影响

电镀液中加入钼盐,在A3钢表面电镀Zn-Fe合金薄膜,研究钼对Zn-Fe合金镀层耐蚀性能的影响.采用稳态法、交流阻抗法和循环伏安法研究Zn-Fe合金镀层在30℃的0.20mol/L H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为,用SEM和XRD研究钼对镀层在腐蚀前后微观结构的影响.结果表明:加入钼盐,能改变Zn-Fe合金镀层的晶面择优取向和织构系数,使结晶粒度变小,当钼盐加入量为0.90～1.50g/L时,镀层变得均匀、致密、光亮度较好,镀层的致钝电流密度(ipp)和维钝电流密度(ip)降低,极化电阻增大,使Zn-Fe合金镀层在硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性能增强.     

热处理对1420铝锂合金晶间腐蚀和剥蚀性能的影响

铝锂合金在相应的介质中存在晶间腐蚀和剥蚀倾向，组织结构不同导致合金的腐蚀性能不同。通过分别对经固溶（ST）、欠时效（UA）、峰时效（PA）和过时效（OA）处理后1420铝锂合金腐蚀性能的分析研究，表明经峰时效处理后的耐蚀性最差，固溶处理具有最佳的耐晶间腐蚀和剥蚀性能。     

Research on Protective Measures to High-Temperature Corrosion of a Novel Energy-Saving Phosphorus Reaction Tower

To recycle and utilize the reaction heat in the production of furnace grade phosphoric acid and to improve the security and economy of the whole production system, a novel phosphorus reaction tower with circulating water wall was developed on the basis of the analysis of present manufacturing process and equipment, and the mechanism of high-temperature corrosion was also analyzed according to experimental tests and operating conditions. Meanwhile, the measures of the whole life cycle anti-corrosion taken to new phosphorus reaction tower were proposed, considering multiple factors including design, manufacture, and operation. The research suggested that the fins close to phosphorus burner, heat exchange tubes toward phosphorus burner and the welds between fin and tube were dangerous zones to be corroded and should be given special protection. In addition, it has been proved that 390-440 °C surface temperature of water wall, local water cooling jacket around the oblique burner, plasma-sprayed ZrO₂ ceramic coating on heating surface, ultralow carbon austenitic stainless steel rich in Cr and Ni elements are beneficial to avoid the corrosion of high-temperature phosphoric acid and its polymer.     

电镀Al-Mn合金及后续阳极氧化对镁合金防护性能的影响

为提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,采用无机熔盐电镀技术在镁合金表面电镀铝锰合金,其后在草酸溶液中对铝锰合金镀层进行阳极氧化处理,以制备耐蚀性优良的阳极氧化膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对阳极氧化膜的微结构进行表征,采用电化学测试方法对阳极氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能进行评价。结果表明,Al-Mn合金镀层在草酸溶液中形成的阳极氧化膜主要由稳态的α-Al2O3和亚稳态的γ-Al2O3所组成,并含有少量的MnO2及Al(MnO4)3,该阳极氧化膜具有很强的绝缘特性,其腐蚀电流密度较Al-Mn合金镀层下降了约3个数量级,较基体镁合金下降了约6个数量级,极大地提高了镁合金的耐腐蚀性。     

变形条件下镍基耐蚀合金微观组织演化

在未变形、冷变形、热变形3种不同加工条件下,对UNSN08028镍基合金的微观组织及第二相的析出规律进行研究.结果表明:028镍基合金为单相奥氏体组织,第二相为颗粒状、杆状金属间化合物相,且在晶界析出.变形后合金中储存的塑性能对第二相析出起到促进作用.冷变形后第二相的析出抑制合金发生再结晶;热变形过程中发生动态再结晶,消耗部分塑性能;未变形合金中第二相析出量最少,呈颗粒状沿晶界离散分布;冷变形合金中第二相析出量最多,几乎覆盖整个晶界.     

Erratum to: Evolution of Dislocation Structure in a Ni3Al Single Crystal Under the Conditions of High-Temperature Superplasticity

Metal Science and Heat Treatment -     

Influence of Ultrasonic Rolling on Corrosion Resistance of 7075 Aluminum AlloyEI北大核心CSCD

表面纳米化处理是一种有效改善耐腐蚀性能的手段,但受表面粗糙度和残余应力等因素的影响,其相关机制并不清晰。 运用透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究经超声表面滚压工艺(USRP)处理后 7075 铝合金的组织和性能。结果表明： 经 1 道次和 15 道次 USRP 处理后,7075 铝合金表面粗糙度减小并且引入了残余压应力。滚压 15 个道次的试样表面能获得平均晶粒尺寸为 52 nm 的纳米晶。相较于未处理试样,经 1 道次和 15 道次 USRP 处理后试样的耐腐蚀性能均显著提高。其中, 滚压 15 个道次试样的耐腐蚀性能提升更为显著。这主要是因为纳米晶可以使材料表面形成更加致密的钝化膜,导致其耐腐蚀性能显著提高,而表面粗糙度降低和引入残余压应力是提升耐腐蚀性能的次要因素。对比分析残余应力、表面粗糙度和表面纳米晶对 7075 铝合金耐腐蚀性能的影响,揭示了 7075 铝合金经表面纳米化处理后耐腐蚀性能提升的机制。     

微量Cr的添加对铜合金耐蚀性的影响

采用间歇式盐雾和二氧化硫试验,研究了微量Cr的添加对铜合金耐蚀性的影响.结果表明微量Cr的添加对合金耐蚀性的影响同腐蚀环境关系密切;在二氧化硫腐蚀环境中,微量Cr的加入可以提高合金的耐蚀性,随着加入量的增加,合金的耐蚀性提高;在盐雾环境中,微量Cr的加入提高了合金初期的耐蚀性,但对合金后期的耐蚀性不利;同时还发现,Cr的分布不均对合金的耐蚀性有降低趋势.     

时效制度对ZL114A合金腐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学试验和浸泡腐蚀试验研究了不同时效处理的ZL114A合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对各合金浸泡腐蚀后的形貌进行了观察与分析,并从组织上解释了时效对ZL114A合金腐蚀性能影响的原因.对经固溶(ST)、欠时效(UA)、峰时效(PA)和过时效(OA)处理后ZL114A合金腐蚀性能的分析研究结果表明,固溶状态下合金具有最佳的耐蚀性,Eoorr和Ioorr最小,峰时效状态下合金的耐点蚀和晶间腐蚀性最差,Eoorr和Ioorr最大.