分离式温控热管实验研究

根据热能工程及化工领域中的某些实际需要,提出了一种新型分离式温控热管并进行了实验研究。该种热管能够在保持传热温度变化很小的情况下自动改变传热功率来适应负荷变化的需要。实验结果表明,当温控热管传热功率增加200％时,热管工作温度变化小于5％。     

萘重力热管在熔盐中传热特性实验研究

为了获得热管在熔盐中的传热特性,通过实验分析萘重力热管在混合熔盐中的传热特性,研究蒸发段熔盐温度、冷却水进口温度及流量等参数对重力热管传热性能影响.结果表明:萘重力热管在熔盐中可稳定运行并实现熔盐的释热过程;热管蒸发段熔盐温度对热管性能影响最大,提高盐温可缩短热管启动时间、升高热管内工质工作温度并有效提高热管传热功率;...     

长距离环路热管传热性能实验研究

基于航空航天等领域对环路热管长距离传热的需求,设计制造了一套传热距离8.1m的圆柱型蒸发器环路热管,试验了不同加热功率、不同冷凝温度下该环路热管的启动和变工况运行性能,并对其热阻及最大传热能力进行了分析。研究结果表明：当其他条件一致、初始气液分布相同和不同时,加热功率由100W增大至160W后,本研究中的环路热管启动时间和启动温升均发生一定程度的下降;加热功率100W时,冷凝温度由10℃降低至-10℃使得环路热管启动时间增加,加热功率160W时,冷凝温度由10℃降至-10℃对环路热管的启动时间影响不大。在冷凝温度0℃下,该环路热管在100~500W范围内均能稳定运行,且200W时环路热管传热效率最高,传热温差最小,稳定运行温度最低;另外,由于系统传输距离较长,每个工况达到稳定所需要的时间也较长,分布于1000至3500S内。随着加热功率的增大,环路热管热阻先减小后逐渐增大,该环路热管传热热阻最大不超过0.09℃/W,最小为0.024℃/W;随着传热距离的增大,管路的热损失增加,总压降和热阻也变大。当传热距离基本相同时,蒸发器容积的大小、冷凝器的冷凝能力及气液管线的布置形状均在一定程度上影响环路热管的最大传热能力。     

不同功率下绝热段长度对重力热管性能的影响

为了研究热管绝热段长度和位置的变化对其性能产生的影响,搭建实验台测试了碳钢-水重力热管在不同功率与绝热段长度下的稳态与非稳态性能,分析热阻、传热量和等效对流换热系数的变化及间歇沸腾对热管运行的影响。结果表明：实验范围内,随着功率的增大,启动时间缩短,启动温度升高;绝热段长度的增加有利于启动性能的增强;传热性能与功率呈正相关、与绝热段长度呈负相关,当绝热段长度为零、功率为300 W时性能最佳,此时等效对流传热系数为1 253.12 W/（m²·K）,传热量为275.04 W,热阻为0.034 K/W;功率的增大加快了间歇沸腾频率,绝热段长度的增加进一步推动这一过程,促进内部达到平衡。     

单回路紫铜_水脉动热管传热性能的实验研究

实验研究了单回路紫铜—水脉动热管在水冷方式和定传热功率时,冷却水流量、倾角、管径和充液率4种因素对热管传热性能,包括管壁测点温度、冷热段均温、传热温差、传热热阻和温度振幅的影响规律,得到提高传热性能的一些措施。结果显示:水平放置的单回路脉动热管无法启动;30°以上倾角管内可产生振荡,增加倾角可降低传热热阻;定加热功率下,冷却水流量存在最佳值,过大和过小都会增加传热热阻;在脉动热管允许管径范围内,增加管径可大大降低传热热阻;相同传热功率时,30%充液率热管的传热热阻明显低于70%充液率管;小而均匀的壁温振荡比大幅锯齿状振荡时的传热性能好。     

加热温度对钠钾合金热管启动和传热性能影响

实验研究加热温度分别为300、500、550、600及650℃时,钠钾合金热管(NaK-55)的启动特性和传热性能。实验采用循环冷却水冷却热管冷凝段,并通过冷却水进出口温度计算钠钾合金热管的传热量和传热系数。实验结果表明:在300～550℃的加热温度范围内热管无法完全启动,此时热管的传热量和传热系数很低;在600和650℃的加热温度下热管完全启动并且达到传热平衡,热管传热量和传热系数大幅提高。     

无吸液芯碳钢-水径向热管的实验研究

首先对径向热管的启动性能进行研究,并测定热管的启动温度,其次在不同工况下,进行了径向热管传热性能实验,采集了热管壁各测温点的温度数据,最后对实验中的数据做了处理.     

两相闭式热虹吸管启动性能试验研究

本文对大长径比两相闭式热虹吸管进行了试验研究。分析了启动过程热管轴向温度分布,部分热管在蒸发段采用了强化传热技术,结果显示：热管的启动性能与工质充液量、热管初始状态以及热管内的强化传热技术关系密切。     

下冷式脉动热管太阳能集热器传热性能实验研究

实验研究和分析了一种新型下冷式脉动热管太阳能集热器的传热特性。与传统太阳能集热器相比,下冷式脉动热管太阳能集热器水箱位于底部,真空玻璃管不盛水并嵌于水箱上,脉动热管作为传热元件,一部分置于真空玻璃管内,另一部分封于水箱中。实验过程中通过调整脉动热管冷热段间的比例,研究不同情况下集热器启动、运行特性及传热性能。结果表明,在集热器倾角为70°、脉动热管充液率为55%的情况下,脉动热管的当量导热系数随冷热段比例的减小而先升后降;当冷热段比例为47%时,脉动热管的启动温度最低、传热性能最优。     

重力热管传热波动特性研究及抑制方法探讨

重力热管在启动、稳定操作、工况条件变化时的脉冲沸腾和温度波动现象，对热管的传热效果和使用寿命有不利影响。采用简单的弹簧抑泡装置，可以抑制热管内工质产生气泡，吸收气泡中的热能，使工质温度分布趋于均匀，同时，可以强化工质和管壁间的对流换热。实验表明，采用弹簧式抑泡装置的重力热管强化传热效果十分明显。     

Influence of filling ratio and working fluid thermal properties on starting up and heat transferring performance of closed loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, the performance of starting up and heat transfer of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying filling ratio, inclination, working fluids and heating power. The performance of the tested pulsating heat pipe was mainly evaluated by thermal resistance and wall temperature. Heating copper block and cold water bath were adopted in the experimental investigations. It was found that oscillating heat pipe with filling ratio of 50% started up earlier than that with 70% when heating input was 159.4 W, however, it has similar starting up performance with filling ratio of 50% as compared to 70% on the condition of heat input of 205.4 W. And heat pipe with filling ratio of 10% could not start up but directly transit to dry burning. A reasonable filling ratio range of 35%-70% was needed in order to achieve better performance, and there are different optimal filling ratios with different heating inputs- the more heating input, the higher optimal filling ratio, and vice versa. However, the dry burning appeared easily with low filling ratio, especially at very low filling ratio, such as 10%. And higher filling ratio, such as 70%, resulted in higher heat transfer( dry burning) limit. With filling ratio of 70% and inclination of 75°, oscillating heat pipe with acetone started up with heating input of just 24 W, but for ethanol, it needed to be achieved 68 W, Furthermore, the start time with acetone was similar as compared to that with ethanol. For steady operating state, the heating input with acetone was about 80 W, but it transited to dry burning state when heating input was greater than 160 W. However, for ethanol, the heating input was in vicinity of 160 W. Furthermore, thermal resistance with acetone was lower than that with ethanol at the same heating input of 120 W.     

氧化石墨烯对脉动热管传热性能的影响

实验选用外径为4mm、内径为2mm的铜质脉动热管研究了氧化石墨烯对以去离子水和体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液为工质的脉动热管传热性能的影响。实验分别采用加有少量氧化石墨烯的去离子水溶液(简称氧化石墨烯水溶液)和体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液(简称氧化石墨烯乙醇溶液),氧化石墨烯质量分数均为0.03%。实验发现：氧化石墨烯对以去离子水为工质的脉动热管传热性能具有强化作用,对以体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液为工质的脉动热管传热性能的影响较差,但都和脉动热管的加热功率密切相关。对于以去离子水为工质的脉动热管,在加热功率低于20W时,氧化石墨烯对脉动热管的强化作用较弱；当加热功率在30～60W之间时,氧化石墨烯对脉动热管的强化作用较强,在3.71～11.33%之间,且强化作用随加热功率的增大呈逐渐增强趋势；但随着功率继续增大,氧化石墨烯的强化作用逐渐减弱,当加热功率达到80W后,热管传热性能减弱,原因可能是氧化石墨烯颗粒出现了沉降现象。     

一种新型可变导热管传热与控制温度机理分析与实验

首次提出了一种新型可变导热管换热装置,用于增压沸腾流化床发电系统中出灰管的冷却与温度控制。分析与实验表明：在出灰管内灰渣流动不稳定,即外界加热负荷或者冷却条件显著变化时,热管的工作温度几乎不变,能够控制在要求的范围内;热管工作温度随充气量增大而增高,但控制温度特性没有明显改变;与常规热管不同,可变导热管内蒸汽温度沿冷凝段轴向显著变化,蒸汽凝结受到了抑制,热管传热量有所减少。     

中深层地热地埋管实际运行影响因素研究

为研究中深层地热地埋管运行的影响因素,分析西咸新区中深层地热地埋管供暖系统的长期运行结果,并结合关中地区地质数据,建立深度为2510 m的中深层地埋管换热器全尺寸模型,采用数值模拟法研究实际岩层分布下地埋管的运行、结构和材料因素对其取热能力的影响。结果表明,西咸新区某项目1号地埋管和2号地埋管两个地埋管,其平均取热功率均在310 kW以上,具有优良的取热能力。地埋管进水温度随季节变化明显,并引起用户侧负荷及热泵回水温度的波动。在结构方面,随内管径由63 mm增至125 mm,平均出口水温和换热功率分别降低1.9%和4.8%,但内管径过小将影响内管运行的安全性,综合安全和换热两方面因素,最佳内管径应选取ϕ110 × 10mm规格;随外管径由168.3 mm增至244.5 mm,平均出口水温和换热功率分别增加3.5%和9%,综合成本和换热两方面因素,最佳外管径应选取ϕ 177.8 × 19 mm规格;在运行方面,地埋管出口水温随着流量的增加而减小,换热功率随着流量增加而增加;出口水温随着进水温度的升高而上升,换热功率也随之减小。在材料方面,减小内管导热系数和增加固井材料导热系数均能增加地埋管出口水温和换热功率,考虑换热功率变化和成本因素,在工程中导热系数为0.42 W/（m∙K）的内管和导热系数为3 W/（m∙K）左右的固井材料。     

Thermal response of a heat pipe with axially “Ω”-shaped microgrooves

A transient model of capillary flow and heat transfer in a heat pipe with axially “Ω”-shaped microgrooves is developed and numerically analyzed to predict the thermal response characteristics. The transient distributions of the axial capillary radius and solid wall temperature, the evaporating mass rate, the time constant and instantaneous effective thermal conductivity are all investigated and discussed. The results indicate that the rise rate of wall temperature during the initial period is relatively larger, and the coordination of solid wall temperature response among the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser section is realized during the whole startup process. When the input power is increased/decreased, the evaporator temperatures start rising/dropping immediately. In particular, the time constant and instantaneous effective thermal conductivity in the startup process are larger than those in the shutdown process. Additionally, the accuracy of the present model is verified by experimental data obtained in this paper.     

U型管埋地换热器三维传热模型及实验对比分析

针对U型管埋地换热器的传热特点,考虑了两管脚之间的相互影响,建立起非稳态传热模型。采用数值解法对该理论模型进行了求解,并将结果与实验值进行了对比分析,发现两者变化趋势一致,但理论计算结果比实验测试值低,其中的一个重要原因是因为换热器与土壤间的热交换不是纯导热过程,还应该进一步考虑土壤中热湿迁移等因素的影响。     

The influence of secondary refrigerant air chiller U-bends on fluid temperature profile and downstream heat transfer for laminar flow conditions

This paper describes numerical investigations, using computational fluid dynamics, conducted to examine the heat transfer mechanisms by which air-chiller U-bends cause enhanced downstream internal convection, where single phase secondary refrigerants under laminar conditions are employed as the heat exchanger fluid. The numerical model, created using FLUENT, consists of a single heat exchanger tube pass incorporating an inlet pipe, a U-bend and an outlet pipe. The model was validated using experimental data from the literature. Numerical investigations indicate that within the U-bend, secondary flows partially invert temperature profiles resulting in a significant localised decrease in average fluid temperature at the pipe surface. As a result, downstream heat transfer enhancement is observed, the magnitude of which can exceed that typical of a pipe combined entry condition in some circumstances by greater than 20% for up to 20 pipe diameters downstream. Heat transfer enhancement was found to increase with increasing U-bend radius, but to decrease with increasing heat exchanger pipe radius and internal Reynolds number. A simple technique based on quantification of the degree of temperature inversion at the U-bend is proposed which provides a mechanism by which heat transfer enhancement can be estimated.     

二冲程增压汽油机排气温降特性研究

基于传热学分析得到简化的二冲程增压汽油机排气温降公式,应用发动机仿真软件的模拟计算结果确定了排气温降公式的相关半经验参数.在试验数据的基础上对公式进行了验证,结果表明了公式与二冲程汽油机的排气温降规律有良好的相关性和准确性,在发动机高速标定状况下的误差小于1%,低速时小于2%,满足工程上快速计算的要求.同时对影响排气温度变化的因素进行了分析.     

Effect of nanofluids on the thermal performance of a flat micro heat pipe with a rectangular grooved wick

In this paper, the effect of water-based Al₂O₃ nanofluids as working fluid on the thermal performance of a flat micro-heat pipe with a rectangular grooved wick is investigated. For the purpose, the axial variations of the wall temperature, the evaporation and condensation rates are considered by solving the one-dimensional conduction equation for the wall and the augmented Young–Laplace equation for the phase change process. In particular, the thermophysical properties of nanofluids as well as the surface characteristics formed by nanoparticles such as a thin porous coating are considered. From the comparison of the thermal performance using both DI water and nanofluids, it is found that the thin porous coating layer formed by nanoparticles suspended in nanofluids is a key effect of the heat transfer enhancement for the heat pipe using nanofluids. Also, the effects of the volume fraction and the size of nanoparticles on the thermal performance are studied. The results shows the feasibility of enhancing the thermal performance up to 100% although water-based Al₂O₃ nanofluids with the concentration less than 1.0% is used as working fluid. Finally, it is shown that the thermal resistance of the nanofluid heat pipe tends to decrease with increasing the nanoparticle size, which corresponds to the previous experimental results.