溴氟菊酯防治大豆食心虫,大豆蚜,甘蓝夜蛾试验

１９９２～１９９５年用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油对大豆食心虫、大豆蚜、甘蓝夜蛾进行了小区试验。结果表明，该药对上述三种害虫具有良好的防效。ｌ０００倍液对大豆食心虫防治效果与２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液相当，达到３９２．９％以上；用１０００～２０００倍液防治大豆蚜，药后７天防效达８８．５％以上；用５００～１５００倍液防治甘蓝夜蛾，药后７天均达到了８４．６％以上的防治效果。而且对作物安全。     

25%敌虫灵水乳剂根灌防治萝卜根蛆的药效试验

２５％敌虫灵（甲基异柳磷）水乳剂对萝卜根蛆具有较好的防治效果。根灌试验表明,２５％敌虫灵水乳剂５００倍液防效可达１００％,７５０倍液的防效为９５．２％,而１０００倍液的防效与４０％甲基异柳磷乳油１５００倍液的防效大致相同,但可降低成本３１．５％。试验结果表明田间应用的最佳稀释浓度为７５０￣１０００倍液。     

溴氟菊酯防治菜青虫

１９９５、１９９６年用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油进行了防治菜青虫的田间药效试验。结果表明：用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油１０００和２０００倍稀释液，药后１天就达到了８０％以上的防效；药后７天，防效仍为９０％以上，各处理的防效均高于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液的防效。     

灭铃净乳油防治棉铃虫药效试验

使用灭铃净乳油１０００,２０００,３０００倍液防治棉铃虫,药后７天防效均达到８５．４％以上;１０００倍液的防效可达９４．５％,保蕾效果为９２．１３％。１０００倍,２０００倍处理防效极显著地高于２．５％功夫菊酯乳油２０００倍处理。     

丙硫克百威防治棉蚜药效试验初报

１９９３、１９９４年用２０％丙硫克百威乳油进行了防治棉蚜的药效试验。试验结果表明，用该药５００、７５０倍液，药后３天均达到了８０％以上的防效，药后７天，５００、７５０、１０００倍液远达到９０％以上的防效，其中５００、７５０倍液的防效达到９６％以上，显著高于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００倍液７０％的防效。该药对棉蚜具有良好的杀虫效果，田间使用以７５０￣１０００倍液为宜。     

2.5%三氟氯氰菊酯乳油防治荔枝蝽蟓

田间试验表明,２．５％三氟氯氰菊酯乳油防治荔枝蝽蟓效果好,药后１￣７天防效均在９０．６％,其中２０００倍液击倒力强,药后１￣３天防效可达１００％。在荔枝蝽蟓卵孵化高峰期宜用２０００￣３０００倍液防治,在低龄若虫高峰期用３０００￣４０００倍液防治为好。     

溴氰菊酯防治荔枝蝽蟓药效试验

１９９４年用２．５％溴氰菊酯乳油３０００，５０００和７０００倍对支蝽蟓成虫药后１－７天的防效均达９７％以上，１９９５年对荔枝蝽蟓若虫药后１天，３天的防效达９０５以上。其中３０００倍液对成虫的击倒力较强，３０００和５０００倍液对若虫的持产性较敌百虫好，对龙眼，荔化花果安全无药害。     

硫双威,双威菊酯防治小菜蛾的药效试验

防治小菜蛾田间小区药效试验结果表明：２０％硫双威和２０％双威菊酯可湿性粉剂在小菜蛾幼虫２－３龄期进行防治，均有较好的防效。每亩用１００克２０％可湿性粉剂校正防效在６６％以上，持效期可达７０天以上，两者药效和持效优于或接近每亩６０克１０％氯氰菊酯。     

20%三氯杀螨醇—哒螨酮乳油防治山楂叶螨田间药效试验

２０％三氯杀螨醇－哒螨酮乳油是化工部农药剂型中心新近研制出的复配杀螨剂，通过对危害李树的山楂叶螨田间药效试验，结果表明防治效果较好。使用浓度１０００倍和１５００倍液的防治效果等于对照药剂２０％三氯杀螨醇乳油，使用浓度２０００倍液的防治效果略低于对照药剂２０％三氯杀螨醇乳油，但均优于１５％哒螨酮乳油，值得推广应用。推荐田间使用浓度为１５００－２０００倍。     

溴丹乳油对棉铃虫的毒力及防效观察

经室内毒力测定，复配制剂溴丹乳油对棉铃虫共毒系数（ＣＴＣ）为４１３．８，增效作用显著。田间药效实验结果显示：１５００倍液对棉铃虫１～３天的防效为８９～９３．６％，保蕾效果在８８％以上，优于单剂的药效。并经毒理测定及应用系数分析表明，使用该剂安全、经济。     

SEPARATION OF PHENOLS FROM DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY USE OF TRI-o-OCTYL PHOSPHINE OXIDE AS EXTRACTANT

ABSTRACT

Trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) is examined as an extractant for phenol and other phenolic compounds. Equilibrium distribution coefficients have been measured for extraction of phenol, dihydroxybenzenes, and trihydroxybenzenes by solvents composed of TOPO in various diluents. Results are interpreted in terms of a model based upon complexation stoichiometry, allowing for solvation of uncomplexed solute as well. TOPO is a strong complexant for all the phenolic solutes studied. The nature of the diluent has a significant effect upon distribution coefficients, and in the case of an alcohol diluent reduces the distribution coefficient for phenol considerably.

The degree of complexation remains appreciable at temperatures which would be used for regeneration of phenol by distillation. This makes it necessary to use a diluent boiling at least 70°C to 80°C higher than the boiling point of phenol, which is 182°C. Regeneration studies are reported for isobutyl heptyl ketone, dimethyl naphthalene, and a mixture of dimethylnaphtahlaene and n-octadecane as diluents. Extraction with TOPO will be most worthy of consideration for feed concentrations of phenol equal to 3000 ppm or less, or for extraction of di- and trihydroxybenzenes.     

Membrane formation of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate)/diluents via thermally induced phase separation

The role of the single diluents and mixed diluents on the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend membranes via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process was investigated. The crystallization behaviors of PVDF in the diluted samples were examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting and crystallization temperatures of those diluted PVDF blend were decreased with the enhanced interactions between polymer chains and diluent molecules. The crystallinity of PVDF in the diluent was always higher than that obtained in PVDF blend sample. This can be explained by the dilution effects, which increased the average spatial separation distances between crystallizable chains. Thus, the PVDF crystallization was favored. Additionally, solid‐liquid (S‐L) phase separation occurred in the quenched samples. Illustrated by scanning electron microscopy, inter‐ and intraspherulitic voids were formed in the ultimate membranes, which related to the polymer/diluent interactions, the kinetics of crystallization and diluent rejection from the growing crystal. The porosity of the PVDF blend membranes obtained from the mixed diluents was higher than those obtained from the single diluent samples. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

环保型无溶剂环氧封端聚氨酯胶黏剂的研制

无溶剂聚氨酯胶黏剂是一种新型的环保型胶黏剂,有着比水性聚氨酯更加优异的性能。实验采用聚多元醇（PPG、PTMG）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）为主要原料,在特定条件下合成聚氨酯预聚体（PUP）,然后加入环氧树脂（E44）和缩水甘油（Glycidyl）对聚氨酯预聚体进行封端反应,再加入环氧树脂（E44）与活性稀释剂,制备出环保型无溶剂环氧封端聚氨酯/环氧树脂胶黏剂,同时采用固化剂间苯二甲胺（m-XDA）与促进剂2,4,6-二氨基甲基苯酚（DMP-30）固化,大大提升了体系的固化速度。考查了不同配比的聚氨酯与环氧树脂,及采用不同的活性稀释剂对胶黏剂的性能的影响,结果表明：添加了15%的660型稀释剂的G/E-PU（PTMG-2000）/EP（E-44）/活性稀释剂复合体系的黏度仅为0.3Pa.s;加入5%的D-085型稀释剂的G/E-PU（PTMG-2000）/EP（E-44）/活性稀释剂体系其拉伸剪切强度最好,可以达到21.63MPa。     

11种杀虫剂对麦蚜药效评价

在田间用１１种较新及常用药剂对麦蚜做药效比较试验,各制剂的均稀释为２０００倍液,丁硫克百威,吡虫啉,硫丹,吡虫清及β－氟氯氰菊酯药后１－７天防效均在９５％以上;溴氰菊酯防效在９０％以上;唑蚜威防效在９０％左右;高效氯氰菊酯防铲在８５％以上;马拉硫磷安效可在９０％,而持效性差;常用的药剂氧乐果第三天防效虽达９０．７％,而１,７天防效仅分别为８７．９％及８０．６％。     

Synthesis and evaluation of tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate as a reactive diluent for air-drying alkyd paints

Environmental regulations are forcing the reformulation of many decorative and protective coatings systems. In particular, air-drying solventborne alkyd paints need to meet increasingly stringent emission limits and often must be reformulated with suitable exempt solvents or reactive diluents to achieve volatile organic compound (VOC) reduction. In the research summarized in this article, a new reactive diluent, tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate, was synthesized and evaluated in alkyd formulations for VOC reduction and property enhancement. A soy-based long-oil alkyd resin; a soy-based high-solids, long-oil alkyd resin; and a linseed-based, high-solids long-oil alkyd resin were evaluated in combination with the new reactive diluent at weight percentages ranging from 10% to 50%. Characterization included measuring viscosity, film dry times, and film performance of the reactive diluent formulations in comparison to neat alkyd resins used as control. The tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate formulations consistently exhibited reduced viscosities and dry times as a function of concentration. The resulting films were harder and more thoroughly cured than the control systems.     

The electrochemistry of lithium in ionic liquid/organic diluent mixtures

The electrochemistry of lithium is investigated in a number of electrolytes that consist of a lithium salt dissolved in a combined ionic liquid-organic diluent medium. We find that ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate improve electrochemical behaviour, while toluene and tetrahydrofuran are less promising.We also present insights into the electrode passivation caused by these diluents in an ionic liquid electrolyte during lithium cycling. We observe that during lithium cycling those electrolytes with carbonate based diluents are the most able to utilise their previously reported improved lithium ion diffusivities. Conversely, tetrahydrofuran, the most promising diluent of those studied in terms of its known ability to increase lithium ion diffusivity is found not to be as advantageous as a diluent. It appears that the poor electrochemical interfacial properties of the tetrahydrofuran electrolyte prevented the realisation of the benefits of the high solution lithium ion diffusivity.     

混合稀释剂对热致相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯膜性质及结构的影响

采用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为稀释剂,通过加入部分N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)或邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP),分别在150℃和220℃下,采用热致相分离法制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)平板膜,研究了在较低温度下或高温下制得膜的性能和结构。结果表明,加入质量分数10%的DMAc在150℃下制膜,比采用纯的DBP为稀释剂时膜的通量提高了28%,过多DMAc的加入反而会使膜的通量降低;加入质量分数10%的DOP在220℃下制膜,膜的通量则下降了62%。同时采用扫描电镜观察了膜的截面结构,解释了采用不同混合稀释剂时膜形成不同结构的原因。     

Properties of UV-curable polyurethane acrylates: Effect of reactive diluent

Several families of UV-cured polyurethane acrylates were synthesized, and the effects of reactive diluent type and content on their physical properties were investigated. Increasing reactive diluent content promoted the development of a second, high glass transition temperature phase in all the materials, thereby leading to increased strength and modulus. Changes in the extensibility of the samples upon addition of reactive diluent were inversely related to the effect of the diluent on the crosslink density. The effects of using different reactive diluents (di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycol diacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone) on the physical properties of the samples were attributed to differences in the softening point (T_g) of the homopolymer reactive diluents and the relative compatibility of the reactive diluents with the urethane acrylate segments.     

Synthesis and characterization of a cation‐exchange resin based on vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐divinylbenzene: Effect of nature and amount of diluent on different resin properties

Fundamental studies regarding the synthesis of a porous copolymer synthesized from 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and divinylbenzene in the presence of different diluents were carried out. A series of porous copolymer resins was synthesized by suspension polymerization using the following diluents: dimethylphthalate (DMT), diethylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, and bis‐2‐ethyl hexylphthalate [dioctylphthalate (DOT)]. It was observed that the porosity of resin increases with increase in length of the methylene group in the phthalate ester of DMT to DOT. In another series of experiments the amount of solvent was increased from 30 to 60% while the crosslinkage was kept constant at 30% and the diluent used was DOT. It was observed that the porosity of resins increased as the fraction of solvent increased. However, surprisingly, the Na⁺ capacity did not show any appreciable change by varying the amount or nature of diluent, remaining approximately 4 meq/g. The resin remained mechanically strong despite higher porosity. The mechanical strength also did not show any significant change by varying the diluent or amount of diluent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3917–3920, 2004     

18%高渗氧乐果乳油对麦蚜的防治效果

田间试验证明，１８％高渗氧乐果油对小麦蚜虫的防治效果与４０％氧乐果乳油相当，其使用２以１５００倍液为宜。