低温化学镀镍磷合金工艺

以A3钢为基体,在低温下以化学镀制备镍磷合金。研究了镀液中复合配位剂含量、添加剂含量、温度、pH等条件对镀速的影响,以优化化学镀镍磷合金工艺。对镀层的外观、结合强度、耐蚀性、孔隙率等性能进行了表征。得到化学镀Ni-P合金较优的工艺条件为:NiSO4.6H2O30g/L,NaH2PO2.H2O30g/L,柠檬酸钠10g/L,植酸18g/L,NaF6g/L,巯基乙酸0.6g/L,温度50°C,pH9.0,氨水缓冲剂适量。在此条件下得到的Ni-P合金镀层具有良好的外观,孔隙率低,结合力强,耐蚀性好。     

镁合金化学镀镍前浸镀锌-镍合金的研究

研究了镁合金表面无氰浸镀锌-镍合金后直接化学镀Ni-P合金新工艺.分析了化学镀Ni-P合金镀液主盐质量浓度、还原剂质量浓度、镀液pH及温度对镀速和镀层耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:本工艺可以在镁合金表面获得均匀致密的浸镀层,最终得到的化学镀镍层硬度高,具有良好结合力和耐腐蚀性能.     

TiO2纳米粒子对低磷化学复合镀Ni-P合金的影响

以不锈钢为基体,采用化学镀方法制备Ni-P合金,然后在镀液中添加TiO_2纳米粒子制备出低磷化学复合镀Ni-P合金,以镀层硬度、孔隙率、磷含量、沉积速率等为评价指标,研究了TiO_2纳米粒子对低磷化学复合镀Ni-P合金的影响。结果表明,镀液中添加纳米TiO_2后,镀层硬度增大、孔隙率降低、磷含量增加。TiO_2纳米粒子的最优添加量是0.50 g/L。     

乳酸-丙酸体系化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层的研究

以沉积速率、镀层中磷的质量分数、孔隙率和硬度为评价指标,研究了乳酸、丙酸单独作配位剂及两者复配时镀层及镀液的性能。基础镀液配方及工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 28g/L,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 23g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 20g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠8mg/L,硫脲2mg/L,pH值5.0±0.2,温度(80±2)℃,时间1h。结果表明:单独使用乳酸或丙酸作配位剂时,无法获得性能良好的化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层;只有将两者复配使用,才能获得理想的化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层。最佳的复配方案为乳酸18mL/L+丙酸10mL/L。此时,镀层中磷的质量分数为3.81%,沉积速率为16.31μm/h,孔隙率为0.70个/cm2,硬度为2 946MPa。     

化学镀镍磷合金复合配位剂的研究

研究了乳酸、柠檬酸和硼酸3种配位剂在不同浓度及复配条件下对化学镀Ni-P镀速的影响,确定了复合配位剂的最佳复配量为乳酸10g/L、硼酸15g/L。测试了不同镀层的结合力,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和能谱分析了复配配位剂所得镀层的表面形貌、结构和组成。研究结果表明,配位剂对化学镀Ni-P合金镀液稳定性及镀速有较大影响,配位剂复配可改善镀层的表面形貌,提高镀层的厚度和结合力。     

影响化学镀Ni—P层钎焊性的因素

本文用润湿称量法研究了化学镀Ni-P合金层中磷的含量、镀液中次磷酸钠的浓度、络合剂和添加剂的种类、镀液的pH值和温度,以及助焊剂的种类对焊接性能的影响.结果表明,随着镀液中次磷酸钠浓度的升高,pH值的降低、镀液温度的降低、镀层中磷含量的升高,化学镀Ni-P层的钎焊性下降.添加剂和助焊剂的种类对焊接性能有很大影响,添加低浓度的糖精(<1.5g/1)可提高镀层的钎焊性,而加入二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠会略为降低钎焊性.在试验的三种助焊剂中,普通松香和溴化水杨酸改性松香焊剂(SD)不适于Ni-P层的焊接,只有YH-61水溶性焊剂才适于化学镀Ni-P层的焊接.     

稀土元素镱对木质化学镀镍-磷电磁屏蔽材料的影响

采用在传统的化学镀镀液中添加稀土元素镱的方法制备了木质化学镀Ni-P电磁屏蔽材料.考察了稀土氧化物Yb2O3质量浓度对化学镀镀速、镀液稳定性、Ni-P镀层质量及其电磁屏蔽性能的影响.结果表明,与传统的化学镀方法相比,添加质量浓度为40 mg/L的Yb2O3可分别使Ni-P平均镀速、镀液稳定性和电磁屏蔽性能提高12.6%、36.4%和8.0%,并使Ni-P镀层更加致密、平整和光亮.     

碳纳米管上化学镀镍钴磷合金及其表征

以化学镀的方法在单壁碳纳米管表面沉积了镍钴磷合金,讨论了Co2 与Ni2 的浓度比、镀液温度、pH对沉积速率的影响.当镀液中Co2 与Ni2 的浓度比为1时,沉积速率最大.pH和温度的升高都会使沉积速率增大.采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱(EDS)对制备的碳纳米管复合材料进行表征.结果表明:热处理会使碳管上的非晶镍钴磷合金镀层转变为晶态,从而提高镀层性能.     

化学镀Ni-P合金镀层孔隙率的影响因素

钕铁硼化学镀Ni-P合金层的孔隙率与镀层的耐蚀性有很大的关系。以铁氰化钾为指示剂采用贴滤纸法测定钕铁硼化学镀Ni-P合金层的孔隙率,研究了镀液pH、温度、主盐、还原剂及络合剂浓度对化学镀Ni-P合金层孔隙率的影响,并确定最佳的镀液参数,通过扫描电镜验证实验结果。结果表明:孔隙率随着镀液组成、pH及温度的增加而先减小后增加。     

乳酸对柠檬酸化学镀镍-磷合金的影响

以沉积速度、镀层磷含量、稳定常数为评价指标,考察了乳酸在0～10mL/L质量浓度范围内对柠檬酸化学镀镍-磷合金的影响。结果表明,在施镀θ为88℃、pH为4.80的条件下,在0～10 mL/L乳酸质量浓度范围内,沉积速度为10.851～11.930μm/h,稳定常数为0.738～0.978,镀层中磷质量分数为9.84%～10.40%,当镀液中乳酸质量浓度为5.0mL/L时,沉积速度最快,稳定常数最大,镀层磷质量分数较高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。