非晶硅合金太阳电池的最新进展

１９９７年非晶硅合金太阳电池技术的研究取得两大显著进展。第一,采用光谱分离三叠层结构制备的非晶硅太阳电池转化效率达到１３％,创下新的世界纪录;第二,三叠层结构太阳电池年生产能力达５ＭＷ,并已有多种产品出售。１对太阳电池的要求开发太阳电池的两个关键问...     

非晶硅太阳电池织构透明导电膜分析

对一些国外的织构SnO_2膜进行了方块电阻和透过率测量,用扫描电镜观察了表面织构状态,进行了x-射线衍射分析,估算了晶粒大小。对于膜的结构和性能的关系做了扼要讨论,并指出了研究方向。     

非晶硅太阳电池的原理

非晶硅太阳电池是２０世纪７０年代中期发展起来的一种新型薄膜太阳电池，与其他太阳电池相比，非晶硅电池具有以下突出特点：（１）制作工艺简单，在制备非晶硅薄膜的同时就能制作pin结构。（２）可连续、大面积、自动化批量生产。（３）非晶硅太阳电池的衬底材料可以是玻璃、不锈钢等，因而成本小。（４）可以设计成各种形式，利用集成型结构，可获得更高的输出电压和光电转换效率。（５）薄膜材料是用硅烷（SiH４）等的辉光放电分解得到的，原材料价格低。１非晶硅太阳电池的结构、原理及制备方法非晶硅太阳电池是以玻璃、不锈钢及特种…     

高效非晶硅叠层太阳电池的优化设计

研究了高效ａ－Ｓｉ／ａ－Ｓｉ／ａ－Ｓｉ－ＳｉＧｅ三结太阳电池的优化设计。电流匹配是影响二端子叠层太阳电池填充因子的关键因素，在内电极的ｐ／ｎ界面外附加载流子复合是由少数载流子浓度、界面态和ｐ／ｎ界面处材料的几何因素匹配决定的。利用适当的带隙匹配和ｉ层厚度匹配来实现ａ－Ｓｉ／ａ－Ｓｉ／ａ－ＳｉＧｅ三结太阳电池结构的最佳化，同时采用改善ｎ／ｉ界面特性的缓冲层技术，获得了Ｖｏｃ＝２．４８Ｖ，Ｊｓｃ＝６．     

柔性衬底非晶硅太阳能电池

本文讨论了柔性衬底非晶硅太阳能电池的突出优点，介绍了不透明柔性衬底叠怪非晶硅太阳能电池，透明柔性非晶太阳能电池电聚合物柔性衬底非晶硅太阳能电池的制作方法和特性。并且，介绍了国内柔性衬底非晶硅太阳能电池的研制成果以及柔性衬底非晶硅太阳能电池在航天方面的应用。     

柔性衬底非晶硅电池

太阳能光伏发电是新能源和可再生能源中最具有发展前途的方式.太阳电池从材料及制作工艺分为单晶硅、多晶硅和非晶硅3种.     

聚合物衬底非晶硅太阳电池的研制

报道了高透过率、耐高温聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法和性能。以该膜为基体制成的柔性衬底非晶硅太阳电池，转换效率达４．６３％，重量比功率达２３１．５ｍＷ／ｇ。     

非晶硅太阳电池的研发进展

2004年第2期综观全球,由工业化造成的能源短缺,温室效应和环境污染已经成为3个全球性难题。发展新能源已经成为可持续发展战略的重要组成部分。专家分析预测,未来光伏产业发展的年增长率在20～30%之间,光伏发电将很快发展成巨大的市场。与燃煤比较,光伏发电1MWh(兆瓦·时)电力可少产生1000tCO2排放。到本世纪的二三十年代,太阳能发电成本有可能降低到与常规电价相竞争的水平,一个广泛的大规模利用太阳能和可再生能源的新时代正在来临。非晶硅太阳电池由于生产成本较低、工艺简单、节省原料等优点在太阳能光伏发电方面具有很大优势。本文就…     

转换效率9.6／%的大面积非晶硅太阳电池

日本三洋电机公司功能材料研究所的大西及桑野,最近研制出转换效率为9.6％的10cm正方形集成结构非晶硅太阳电池。这是目前世界上大面积非晶硅太阳电池达到的最高转换效率(他们曾在1cm正方形非晶硅太阳电池上达到11.7％的效率)。该电池结构示于图1,电池特性列于表1。为了提高电池效率,他们首先分析了电池能量的     

Industrial sheet metals for nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cell structures

Direct integration of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) onto industrial sheet metals has been studied. The stability of the metals, including zinc-coated and plain carbon steel, stainless steel and copper in a standard iodine electrolyte was investigated with soaking and encapsulation tests. Stainless and carbon steel showed sufficient stability and were used as the cell counter-electrodes, yielding cells with energy conversion efficiencies of 3.6% and 3.1%, respectively. A DSSC built on flexible steel substrates is a promising approach especially from the viewpoint of large-scale, cost-effective industrial manufacturing of the cells.     

Amorphous silicon solar cell on textured tempered glass substrate prepared by sandblast process

The surface morphology and the optical property of sandblasted glasses and the photovoltaic property of amorphous-silicon solar cells fabricated on them were investigated. The results suggest that the cell performance is related to the surface micro roughness of glass substrate, especially the short period undulation and the surface fractal dimension. Consequently, the amorphous-silicon solar cell on the tempered glass substrate which had the short-circuit current of 14.26 mA/cm² and the efficiency of 8.00% was obtained.     

弱光下晶体硅太阳电池的开路电压

讨论了弱光下影响晶体硅太阳电池开路电压的主要因素。要提高弱光下开路电压主要应提高太阳电池的并联电阻。     

Solid-state D102 dye sensitized/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid solar cells on flexible Ti substrate

Flexible solid-state dye sensitized solar cell is an important milestone for low-cost, large scale fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells. Flexible solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell is fabricated for the first time on titanium substrates using D102 sensitizer and a sputtered platinum semi-transparent cathode. Devices are illuminated from the cathode side since titanium substrates are non-transparent. Due to rear-side illumination, significant proportion of radiation is absorbed and scattered by poly(3-hexylthiophene) and platinum, respectively. Limiting the amount of platinum and poly(3-hexylthiophene), up to a point, is found to enhance device efficiency. The amount of platinum and poly(3-hexylthiophene) is optimized on glass substrates before fabrication of flexible devices on titanium substrates. The rough surface of titanium substrates is smoothened until a mirror finish and the growth of a thin layer of native oxide enhanced the device efficiency. Under optimized conditions, an efficiency of 1.20% is obtained for devices fabricated on titanium foil substrates. The lower efficiency as compared to conventional devices is mainly due to light absorption/scattering from the poly(3-hexylthiophene) and platinum layers.     

Multi-region uniform-field model of amorphous-silicon solar cells

The field in the i-layer of an amorphous-silicon solar cell may be assumed as uniform. We formulate the respective cell model without further approximations in terms of a “regional method”. The i-layer is subdivided for that purpose in many regions, and the regional solutions are chained together. Some exemplary simulations are presented. The model is in particular suited to demonstrate snake-like low-forward-voltage photocharacteristics, to be induced by near-surface excess carrier generation, as with blue illumination. Observed and simulated “blue-snake” characteristics are compared with each other. A snake indicates the transition from a bulk-recombination to a surface-recombination limited current regime.     

太阳能电池研究的新进展

简要回顾了第一代晶体硅和第二代薄膜太阳能电池的发展状况,并介绍了基于薄膜技术的第三代高性能太阳能电池的基本原理和发展趋势。     

Optimization of arbitrarily doped MINP solar cell performance

A comprehensive model of four layered MINP⁺ (metal-tunnel insulator - NP⁺ semiconductor) structure incorporating an inhomogeneous impurity doping profile is numerically simulated. The influence of built-in electric field in the device on its performance is investigated. The drift fields are the result of the nonuniformaly doped semiconductor. The dependence of the minority carrier lifetime and mobility on the doping density are taken into account. Solution curves for the complete set of transport, continuity and Poisson equations for the device as solar cell are obtained. Significant device parameters are identified and model calculations are carried out over a range covering most physically realizable values for these parameters. The I-V characteristics are calculated as a function of insulator thickness, metal workfunction, substrate doping density and semiconductor thickness with present semiconductor fabrication technology.     

CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates

The development of CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates is reviewed in this article. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight and flexible substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. The cells mounted on flexible foil are not fragile, the requirements of the supporting structures are minimum and they can be wrapped onto any suitably oriented or curved structures. The specific power of the solar cells is an important factor in space applications and hence development of photovoltaic devices on light weight substrates is interesting. CdTe is one of the leading candidates for photovoltaic applications due to its optimum band gap for the efficient photo-conversion and robustness for industrial production with a variety of film preparation methods. Flexible solar cells with conversion efficiencies exceeding 11% have been developed on polyimide foils. The development of CdTe devices on metallic substrates is impeded due to the lack of a proper ohmic contact between CdTe and the substrate. The polymer substrate has the advantage that the devices can be prepared in both “superstrate” and “substrate” configurations.     

On the modeling of the dye-sensitized solar cell

A simplified electric model of the dye-sensitized electrochemical solar cell (DSC) is presented. It permits the calculation of internal steady-state cell characteristics like particle density distributions or the electric field as a function of the (measured) external current I_ext. The cell is modeled as an one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous medium of thickness L, where all the electroactive particles involved in the current supporting process move according to different effective transport coefficients (i.e. effective diffusivities D and effective mobilities μ). The electroactive particles are the electrons e⁻ injected into the nanoporous TiO₂ layer after light absorption by the dye, the reduced and the oxidized counterpart of the redox electrolyte El_Red and El_Ox, and the positively charged cation Kat⁺ being brought into the cell together with the electrolyte. By applying the continuity equation, the transport-equation and Poisson's equation to all the electroactive species involved (e⁻, El_Red, El_Ox and Kat⁺) and by assuming a linear Boltzmann relaxation approximation for the back reaction, a system of differential equations is derived, describing particle densities, particle currents and the electric field within the cell. The underlying simplifying assumptions as well as the resulting limits of the model are stated, and some possible extensions are given. This paper aims to outline the general ideas and limitations of the proposed electric modeling, numerical calculations have been successfully implemented, but will be presented in a future paper.     

Recent progress of amorphous silicon solar cell applications and systems

Fifteen years have passed since the first industrial use of amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells for consumer products. At present, a-Si solar cells are entering a new age of use in power generating systems at private residences and other outdoor applications. This paper reviews recent advances in amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells and their applications. Technological developments in the field of a-Si solar cells are discussed. Various applications and systems that take advantage of the a-Si solar cell are then introduced. Finally, future prospects are discussed, including a new concept of GENESIS system for worldwide energy generation and transmission.