高整平全光亮镍铁合金电镀的研究

通过对镀液和镀层性能研究表明,我们研制的光亮剂XNF配合稳定剂SR-86使用的镍铁合金镀液具有较好的深镀能力和分散能力;可在较低温度(43-53℃)下工作;XNF-1含量在1.5-5ml/1范围内,可获得高整平全光亮镀层;深镀能力较好,不亚于NIRON。镀液光亮剂的消耗量较低(小于100ml/kAh),其浓度易于检测,具有较大的实用价值。     

锌锰合金电镀添加剂的研究

以苄叉丙酮为主光亮剂、OP-10为载体光亮剂,并加入适量的辅助光亮剂,复配出Zn-Mn合金电镀添加剂ZM。讨论了复合添加剂中以上各组分对合金镀层外观的影响,得到最佳复合添加剂组成为：12g／L的苄叉丙酮,150ml／L的OP-10,45g/L聚乙二醇,2g/L的苯甲酸钠。通过赫尔槽试验及扫描电镜研究了复合添加剂对镀层外观的影响,还对合金镀层的机械性能以及镀液的整平能力进行了检测。结果表明,当ZM含量为50mL／L,电流密度为0．9～4.2A/dm^2时,得到的合金镀层全光亮,结合力及可塑性好,内应力小。     

硫酸高铈对低碳钢表面化学镀镍–锌–磷的影响

为了改善镍–锌–磷合金镀层的性能,在基础镀液中添加硫酸高铈,在低碳钢钢管表面进行化学镀镍–锌–磷合金。通过称重法和在5%Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀时间测试以及采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪和电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)考察了镀液中Ce(SO4)2浓度对镀速和镀层的表面形貌、耐蚀时间和晶体结构的影响。随着Ce(SO4)2浓度的增大,镀速和耐蚀时间先升高后下降,镀层的表面形貌和晶体结构先得到改善后劣化。适宜的Ce(SO4)2用量为15 mg/L。与基础镀液比较,含15 mg/L Ce(SO4)2的镀液镀速从3.7 mg/(cm2·h)提高至4.4 mg/(cm2·h),所得镀层平整、光亮、均匀和致密,非晶相程度提高,耐蚀时间从240 h延长至275 h。     

乳酸-丙酸体系化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层的研究

以沉积速率、镀层中磷的质量分数、孔隙率和硬度为评价指标,研究了乳酸、丙酸单独作配位剂及两者复配时镀层及镀液的性能。基础镀液配方及工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 28g/L,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 23g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 20g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠8mg/L,硫脲2mg/L,pH值5.0±0.2,温度(80±2)℃,时间1h。结果表明:单独使用乳酸或丙酸作配位剂时,无法获得性能良好的化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层;只有将两者复配使用,才能获得理想的化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层。最佳的复配方案为乳酸18mL/L+丙酸10mL/L。此时,镀层中磷的质量分数为3.81%,沉积速率为16.31μm/h,孔隙率为0.70个/cm2,硬度为2 946MPa。     

化学镀镍-铜-磷三元合金工艺的研究

为提高化学镀镍－磷合金镀层的性能及获得多种性能的合金镀层以拓宽其应用范围。在化学镀镍－磷合金液中加入硫酸铜制得镍－铜－磷三元合金。研究了镀液中硫酸镍、次磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠、硫酸铜、稳定剂、光亮剂的含量以及pH值和温度等因素对合金镀层的外观、沉积速度及铜含量的影响。通过5％氯化钠溶液和10％硫酸溶液浸泡试验比较了所得镍－铜－磷合金镀层与镍－磷合金镀层以及前人制得的镍－磷合金镀层的耐蚀性，同时比较了上述镀层的其它性能。结果表明，所得镍－铜－磷合金镀层的耐蚀性、外观、结合力、孔隙率、沉积速度、硬度和耐磨性等性能优于镍－磷合金及前人制得的镍－铜－磷合金镀层。     

TL全光亮化学镀镍磷合金工艺研究

研究全光亮化学镀镍层的主要技术条件，光亮剂的选择，被镀件表面状态对镀层光亮度的影响，合理施镀工艺条件。结果表明：该工艺可获得全光亮镀层，孔隙率低，耐蚀性能好，同时，对镀液的沉积速度、稳定性，装载量、pH值及施镀温度对镀层光亮度的影响均进行了试验。完成TL-013、TL-014两种全光亮化学镀镍磷合金浓缩液配方和完善的施镀工艺。     

TL全光亮化学镀镍磷合金工艺研究

开发了全光亮化学镀镍磷合金工艺及TL-013、TL-014两种浓缩液配方。研究了光亮剂的选择，被镀件表面状态对镀层光亮度的影响，合理的施镀条件。同时，试验研究了装载量、pH值及施镀温度对镀液的沉积速度、稳定性及镀层光亮度的影响。结果表明：该工艺可获得孔隙率低、耐蚀性能好的全光亮镀层。     

高强钢电镀低氢脆Zn-Ni合金工艺的研究

研究了弱酸性氯化钾-乙酸铵体系电镀Zn-Ni合金工艺,开发了适于本体系的光亮剂,深入探讨了镀液组成及工艺条件对镀层组成的影响,获得全光亮Zn-Ni合金镀层的最佳工艺.在最佳工艺条件下,镀层中镍的质量分数约为13%,主要由γ相Ni5Zn21组成.缺口试样持久拉伸试验及镀件中氢的质量分数测试表明:Zn-Ni合金镀层具有较低的氢脆性,适合于高强钢的电镀.     

光亮锌磷合金镀液中添加剂作用的研究

在推荐的酸性镍磷合金镀液中,用酒石酸、糊精、硼酸作镀层晶粒细化剂,水杨醛、甘氨酸作光亮剂,能获得细致、光亮的镀层。     

锡铋合金电镀工艺条件的研究

锡铋合金镀层因具有无晶须、熔点较低、可焊性好等优点,在国外已大量推广应用,在国内的研究和应用则较少。本文通过条件实验和正交试验对硫酸盐锡铋合金电镀液配方进行了改进。研究了镀液中稳定剂、平滑剂、光亮剂、表面活性剂含量及操作条件对镀液及镀层性能的影响。结果表明,该镀液稳定、易操作,且获得的Sn-Bi合金镀层均匀致密、光亮、结合力及钎焊性优良。得到合适的工艺条件为：镀液中稳定剂含量1．5～2ml／L、平滑剂含量0．5～1g／L、光亮剂含量8～10ml／L、表面活性剂含量3g／L、pH值0．9～1．1、阴极电流密度1A／dm^2。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。