钛基Ce掺杂SnO_2-RuO_2电极的制备及其对焦化废水的电解处理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了经稀土元素Ce掺杂改性的Ti/RuO_2-SnO_2-Ce电极,利用SEM、XRD、EDS等分析方法对电极表面的形貌、物相和涂层成分进行了表征,利用CV曲线、LSV曲线等检测手段对电极的电化学性能进行了测试。以Ti/RuO_2-SnO_2-Ce电极为阳极,钛板为阴极,构建电化学氧化反应装置,并采用其对焦化废水进行电解处理。结果表明,Ti/RuO_2-SnO_2电极经稀土Ce改性后极板表面活性位点数量明显增大,金属涂层的结晶化程度明显增强,电极的催化氧化活性显著提高。室温条件下,保持pH值为7.83,在电流密度为30mA/cm~2,电解时间为30min时,焦化废水经电解处理后COD去除率可达91.63%,TOC去除率可达66.22%,UV254值下降到0.921。     

UBAF-复极性三维电极法深度处理焦化废水

采用以焦粉为滤料的UBAF反应器对经过二级生化处理后的焦化废水进行深度处理,出水中COD和NH3-N含量分别为993~1223 mg/L和433~521 mg/L,去除率分别为367%~486%和215%~348%。在极板间距为1 cm,电解时间为120 min,电解电压为15 V的最佳条件下,采用UBAF-复极性三维电极反应器对经过二级生化处理后的焦化废水进行深度处理,出水中COD和NH3-N含量分别为313和137mg/L,去除率分别为833%和794%,COD和氨氮指标低于《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》GB 13456-1992中的焦化一级排放标准。     

Modification of pore size in activated carbon by benzene deposition and its effects on CH<Subscript>4</Subscript>/N<Subscript>2</Subscript> separation

Anthracite coal was used as raw material to prepare activated carbons as the carbon support in the carbonization-activation process. Modification of the pore size of the activated carbon by chemical vapor deposition of carbon from benzene was examined. These samples were characterized by adsorption of N₂ at 77 K and CH₄ and N₂ at 303 K. The microporosity of these samples was evaluated by the Dubinin-Astakhov Equation. The pore size distribution was obtained by the DFT method applied to the N₂ adsorption data at 77 K. The separation selectivity was obtained by the Langmuir Equation. The surface morphology was characterized by an environmental scanning electron microscope. It was observed that all samples of carbon molecular sieves studied were microporous carbonaceous materials. CMS-2 prepared in the present study has a better N₂/CH₄ separation performance; it can satisfy the requirements of the pressure swing adsorption for concentrating CH₄ from the N₂/CH₄ mixture gas.     

The influence of MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> on tribology characteristic parameter of Ni60A/MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> composite lubricating coating

The influence of MoS₂ on the tribology characteristic parameter of Ni60A/MoS₂ composite lubricating coating was researched on the UMT-2 fretting abrasion tester (USA). The result shows that with increasing content of MoS₂, the hardness curve of the composite coating decreases and the trend accelerates. Under the same experimental conditions, the mass loss of plasma spray composite coating without adding MoS₂ is 1.27×10⁻² mg. When the amount of MoS₂ reaches 35%, the mass loss is 0.96×10⁻² mg. It can be seen that adding MoS₂ phase can improve the wear resistance, the amplitude of which is close to 30%. The friction coefficient of plasma spray composite coating without adding MoS₂ is 0.23. Adding MoS₂ could decrease the friction coefficient of the coating and presents a downtrend. When the mass fraction is 35%, the friction coefficient is the smallest (0.13), and the range is doubled.     

改性煤矸石作为废水处理吸附剂的试验研究

利用改性煤矸石处理味精精馏段生产废水。试验结果表明,在原水pH=1.8,COD 770 mg/L,NH3-N217 mg/L,浊度29 NTU时,投加120目改性煤矸石1 g,与50 mL废水混合,振荡吸附120 min,处理后出水COD为232.46 mg/L,氨氮为78.84 mg/L,浊度为8.5 NTU,对COD、氨氮、浊度的去除率分别可达到69.81%,63.67%,70.73%。该项研究为改性煤矸石作为水处理吸附剂在味精生产废水及其他高浓度氨氮废水处理中的应用提供了理论依据,同时也为味精废水的处理提供了一种途径。     

The effect of Pb(NO3)2 on ilmenite flotation

A novel activation flotation method for ilmenite was developed in this study. Pb(NO₃)₂ was used as an activator to effectively and selectively improve ilmenite flotability. The results of the flotation tests for a massive ilmenite ore sample indicated that, when the dosage of Pb(NO₃)₂ was 60 g/tonne, ilmenite recovery increased from 65% during conventional flotation to 83% during Pb(NO₃)₂ activated flotation. The ilmenite concentrate contained 36.6% TiO₂.     

用催化氧化法处理焦化高浓度含酚废水

研究了FeSO₄-H₂O₂体系催化氧化处理焦化高浓度含酚废水的工艺条件.结果表明：优化处理条件是反应温度为30 ℃,Fe²⁺用量为200 mg/L,H₂O2用量为1 000 mg/L、反应时间为45 min.在该条件下处理废水,酚和COD的去除率分别可达到68.5％和70.4％,然后加入Ca(OH)₂将氧化处理后废水的pH值调至弱碱性进行絮凝,可显著降低废水中的铁离子及CN^-质量浓度,且COD去除率提高到85.2％,同时废水的可生化性得到显著提高,为后续生物处理创造了良好的条件.     

煤粉对焦化废水二级出水中有机物的吸附动力学研究

研究了煤粉对模拟焦化废水二级出水中苯酚、喹啉的吸附,考察了pH、煤粉投加量、吸附反应时间等因素对吸附效果的影响。实验表明：煤粉对模拟废水中有机物的吸附去除率焦煤略高于肥煤,煤粉(-0.5 mm)吸附容量为0.109 4～0.154 4 mg/g;焦煤吸附苯酚、肥煤吸附喹啉符合Freundlich吸附等温式,焦煤吸附喹啉则符合Langmuir等温式;不同煤种和不同粒度煤粉吸附有机物的反应动力学特性相似,均较好符合二级反应动力学模型,R²=0.990±0.008;吸附过程以液膜扩散为速率控制步骤;在不同温度下得到了焦煤吸附苯酚的速率常数方程lnk=188.54e^-11.64/(RT),吸附活化能E_a=11.64 kJ/mol。     

TiO2/膨润土催化剂降解工业废水研究

以改性的新疆乌兰陵格膨润土、钛酸丁酯和四氯化钛为原料，制备PEG改性TiO₂/膨润土催化剂和TiO₂/柱撑膨润土催化剂。将两种催化剂分别应用于新疆某毛纺厂印染废水、甲基橙模拟印染废水、某石化废水进行降解研究。研究结果：PEG改性TiO₂/膨润土催化剂对甲基橙模拟印染废水的最高降解率2 h达87.67%，TiO₂/柱撑膨润土催化剂对某石化废水的最高降解率2 h达78.12%。而两者对新疆某毛纺厂废水的最高降解率2 h内分别为44.15%,40.53%。还对PEG改性TiO₂/膨润土催化剂的回收利用以及毛纺厂印染废水的二级降解进行了初探。     

天然沸石对含酚废水的处理

本文选用皖南天然沸石矿,利用静态和动态方法对焦化厂含酚废水进行处理。结果表明,该天然沸石对含酚废水中的NH4+—N有明显的效果,而对苯酚及COD物质的去除效果相对较差,通过改性可望提高天然沸石对含酚废水中苯酚和COD物质的去除效果。     

40kg捣固小焦炉配煤试验研究与生产效果分析

在缺少主焦煤的情况下,为寻找生产二级冶金焦的最优配煤比,降低炼焦生产成本,依据炼焦配煤研究理论,通过采用40 kg捣固小焦炉,以气煤、1/3焦煤、瘦煤为原料煤进行了配煤试验研究,成功试验出生产二级冶金焦的最优配煤质量比:众维精煤25%、音西原煤15%、新兴原煤40%、榆树沟原煤20%。生产实践结果表明,采用此配煤比生产的冶金焦抗碎强度M40达到79.9%,耐磨强度M10达到8.0%,焦炭热反应性CRI为50%,反应后强度CSR为42%,吨全焦配煤成本下降143.26元,降幅达15.06%。     

Ferrates performance in thiocyanates and ammonia degradation in gold mine effluents

Available technologies for cyanides (CN⁻) treatment in gold mine effluents marginally degrade the thiocyanates (SCN⁻). Commonly, they convert the CN⁻ into a less toxic compound, such as cyanates (OCN⁻), which afterwards are oxidized and generate ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N). Thus, the pretreated effluents require additional steps for complete degradation of SCN⁻ and NH₃-N. Recent research shows that ferrates [Fe(VI)] might represent a sustainable option for the efficient treatment of gold mine effluents. In this context, the objective of the present study was to assess the performance of Fe(VI) in SCN⁻ and/or NH₃-N treatment, as well as in their by-products degradation. The performance of Fe(VI) was evaluated using three different synthetic effluents (solutions) and two gold mine effluents contaminated by SCN⁻ and/or NH₃-N. Results indicated that more than 97% of SCN⁻ were degraded with Fe(VI), while the NH₃-N increased up to 50%, after SCN⁻ oxidation of the presence of NH₃-N, within one hour of reaction time. Consequently, for effluents that contain SCN⁻ and NH₃-N, longer reaction time is required or complementary treatment technologies, such as nitrification – denitrification, should be evaluated for complete degradation of N-compounds.     

不同熄焦方式对40kg焦炉焦炭质量的影响

不同熄焦方式对焦炭的冷态强度、热态强度以及生产焦炉的工艺特点均有影响,为了更好地指导40 kg试验焦炉的生产,需对比分析水熄焦、干熄焦方式对焦炭质量的影响。选用4种不同炼焦煤和1种生产配合煤,利用40 kg级实验焦炉炼制焦炭,分别采用蒸汽熄焦与水熄焦方式对40 kg焦炉炼制的焦炭进行冷却,检测熄焦后焦炭的工业分析、机械强度及热性质等性能指标,对比分析2种熄焦方式对焦炭质量的影响,并研究2种熄焦方式下焦炭与生产干熄焦的焦炭质量关系。结果表明,相对水熄焦,蒸汽熄焦的焦炭水分较稳定(小于1%)、成焦率有所提升,改善了焦炭质量,其中1/3焦煤冷强度的改善最为明显,气煤与1/3焦煤的热性质改善最为明显,肥煤的成焦率提升最大;蒸汽熄焦与生产干熄焦的焦炭质量指标更接近,机械强度M 40一致、M 10数据高出2.5个百分点,热性质CRI数据高出8.1个百分点、CSR低出10.4个百分点。焦化企业可参照试验结果,进一步优化40 kg实验焦炉熄焦工艺及调整生产与试验焦炉的相关性。     

Adsorbing colloidal flotation removing metals ions in a modified jet cell

The removal of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions from synthetic wastewater with a modified Jameson cell (MJC) was studied using adsorption colloidal flotation (ACF). A colloidal dispersion of Fe (OH)₃ (formed in situ from FeCl₃) at pH 11 was used as an adsorbent colloid to ensure full adsorption and precipitation. The precipitates were flocculated with polyacrylamide and hydrophobised with sodium oleate and pine oil as a frother during the flotation stage. In the modified jet cell, the downcomer was sealed at the bottom with a diffuser, and the re-flotation of detached flocs and the probability of bubbles/particles capture was enhanced, which improved the recovery rate. As a result, the modified Jameson cell was more efficient (higher loaded carrier recoveries) than the conventional jet cell (CJC) in removing heavy metals ions. The physico-chemical characteristics, cell design and operating parameters were studied, and the removal efficiency was evaluated by monitoring the final concentration of ions in the treated effluent. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of the MJC were approximately 95% and 98% for dilute (Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ concentration of 2 mg/L) and concentrated wastewater (25 mg/L of each ion), respectively. The optimal parameters included a Fe⁺³/ion ratio of 0.5 and a minimum air flow-rate/feed flow-rate ratio of 0.18. The results are discussed in terms of the physical and physico-chemical parameters, and the findings suggested that the proposed flotation technique has great potential for the treatment of wastewater.     

不同煤阶煤炭化过程中挥发分组成及微孔变化的研究

用SORPTOMATIC1990吸附仪研究了6种不同煤阶煤（包括无烟煤、贫瘦煤、焦煤、肥煤、弱黏煤、气煤）在3 ℃/min升温速率到1 000 ℃的炭化过程中孔容和孔径随温度的变化规律,并用Bio-rad FTS-165裂解红外测定了各种煤在10 ℃/min升温速率的炭化过程中挥发分的组成及各自的释放温度范围.结果表明:不同变质程度煤在裂解过程中,可挥发性芳香物生成量的大小排序为肥煤>焦煤>瘦煤>气煤,且肥煤芳环上的取代基最多,而弱黏煤和无烟煤生成可挥发性芳香物的量最少.煤阶越低,释放CO2的温度越低,生成的量越多.1 000 ℃生成焦炭的孔容大小排列为：肥煤C1>弱黏煤D1>焦煤B1>无烟煤YQ,比表面积大小排列为C1YQ,B1>D1,平均孔半径大小的排列为：D1B1>YQ>C1.在炭化过程中,C1肥煤的孔容和比表面积变化最剧烈,YQ煤变化最小.C1煤生成焦炭表面积最大为20 m2/g,其它煤成焦表面积3 m2/g.     

Fenton试剂催化氧化法处理焦化废水的实验研究

以焦化废水为研究对象,采用Fenton(Fe2++H2O2)试剂催化氧化法对焦化废水进行强化一级处理实验。重点考察Fenton试剂在不同反应条件下,处理焦化废水的效果和反应的影响因素。设计了反应时间、pH值、试剂投加量、试剂配比、反应温度、投加方式等6种不同反应条件下CODCr和酚的去除实验。综合各反应条件试验结果表明:CODCr去除率为88.12%,酚去除率为89.45%,达到最佳实验处理效果。     

改性硅藻土处理餐饮废水的效果研究

餐饮废水成分复杂、排放量大,如果未经处理就排放会危害环境和人类健康。为了降低餐饮废水的危害,将天然硅藻土进行改性,将制得的改性硅藻土辅以微波方法处理餐饮废水。结果表明,在接受微波辅助之前,总磷去除最好条件:投加量为0.70 g,pH值为未调节时最好,去除率为97.57%,此时总磷浓度为0.09 mg/L;COD去除最佳条件为:投加量为0.70 g,pH值为未经调节的状态效果最好,COD去除率为22.48%,浓度为1 012.70 mg/L。在最适投加量和pH值且接受微波辅助之后,总磷去除最好条件为:投加量为0.70 g,pH值为7.04,微波消解功率为550 W,消解时间为5 min,COD去除率为88.54%,总磷去除率为92.09%。     

镁掺杂对SiO_2有机-无机杂化溶胶性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备甲基化改性SiO_2溶胶,并在此基础上加入Mg(NO_3)2·6H_2O制备镁掺杂SiO_2有机-无机杂化溶胶。利用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线电子衍射(XRD)对其进行表征分析,考察镁掺杂对甲基化改性SiO_2溶胶结构的影响,研究不同镁掺杂量对杂化溶胶性能的影响。结果表明,随着镁掺杂量的增加,溶胶体系的黏度、折射率、密度和黏滞性活化吉布斯自由能逐渐增加,反应速率常数逐渐减小。镁掺杂增强了M-SiO_2溶胶对紫外光的吸收,对杂化溶胶的主要结构和甲基化改性无明显影响。Mg/M-SiO_2溶胶和凝胶材料中镁元素主要是以Mg(NO_3)_2·6H_2O的形式存在,材料经过400℃焙烧4 h后,Mg(NO3)2·6H2O完全分解为Mg O。     

Sequential precipitation of Cu and Fe using a three-stage sulfidogenic fluidized-bed reactor system

The exposure of sulfides, such as pyrite (FeS₂) to water and air leads to the formation of acidic metal and sulfate containing waters, generally referred to as acid mine drainage (AMD). Under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of a suitable electron and carbon source, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) can reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide which can precipitate metals as low-solubility sulfides. In the present study, a three-stage fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) system was operated at 35 °C with ethanol as an electron and carbon source for SRB to sequentially precipitate Cu and Fe from synthetic AMD. The system consisted of two pre-settling tanks before a sulfidogenic FBR for the sequential precipitation of Cu and Fe with biogenic H₂S gas and HS⁻ containing effluent, respectively. Cu and Fe precipitation efficiencies were over 99% and sulfate and COD removals 60-90%. Biologically produced alkalinity increased the initial pH of the AMD from 3.0 to neutral values.     

Application of carbon dioxide (CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>) for controlling subsurface fire area: Indian context

In bord and pillar method of mining, the panels are sealed off after depillaring. Depending upon the site specific condition, 40 to 45 % coal are left in depillared panel as stook, loose coal left in goaf, hard coal on floor and roof of the panel. The left out coals in goaf area start oxidation, and this leads to spontaneous heating in side sealed off area. For assessment of fire in underground coal mines, thermo-compositional monitoring plays an important role. This paper presents scientific relevance and selective criteria for use of inert gas for control of subsurface fire. Finally the paper discusses spontaneous heating problem in sealed off area and application of inertisation technology by using CO₂ to prevent and control sealed off fire at Haripur Colliery, Kenda Area, ECL, India.