大数据环境下MES作业计划与调度能力云服务化研究

云制造技术给制造企业带来机遇的同时,也为其制造执行系统MES的设计与实现带来了新的挑战。为了解决单件小批MES中作业计划与调度优化问题,首先设计了一个从作业计划静态制定,到作业执行情况实时监控与主动感知,再到异常事件智能响应,最后到作业调度动态调节的闭环体系结构。接着针对异常信息实时获取与异常事件发现、异常事件智能化处理以及作业计划与调度优化算法计算能力服务化三个子问题,依次进行了问题分析并给出了技术解决方案。最后,以哈尔滨电机厂为案例对象,综合利用IEC/ISO 62264标准、大数据分析与挖掘方法以及由虚拟化、服务化和SOA等组成的云计算技术实现了单件小批MES作业计划与调度综合优化系统,验证了上述理论与方法的有效性。     

一种基于BPEL的通用安全控制模块设计方法

随着面向服务架构(SOA)的提出,软件系统的整合与开发速度将越来越快,但软件系统的安全机制却是每次开发时都需要重新建立,并且随着软件系统日益增多,安全机制的复杂程度将不断提升。提出一种基于商业流程执行语言(BPEL)的通用安全控制模块设计方法,以减少相应的权限开发与管理工作,同时还以制造业企业资源计划系统（ERP）与电子商务系统账户整合为例说明权限模块的运行机制。     

基于ESB的网络化制造车间资源集成研究

本文介绍了网络化制造环境下车间资源集成的特点和问题,提出了基于面向服务架构,并对SOA的基础,企业服务总线技术做了详细的介绍。对于传统的OPC技术的缺陷,阐述了基于BEA公司的ALSB技术的节能变压器网络化制造车间监控的实例。     

Shop-floor resource virtualization layer with private cloud support

Large scale emergence of mature cloud solutions, ranging from software-as-a-service based solutions for business management, to very sophisticate private cloud solutions; offer the building blocks for constructing extremely flexible enterprise systems that can respond to environmental changes with great agility. Manufacturing enterprises need to adopt these new technologies to advance in a new era of mass customization where flexibility, scalability and agility are the differentiating factors. In this context, this paper introduces the virtualized MES and shop floor architecture as an intermediate layer in the manufacturing stack and discusses the advantages offered by this approach for manufacturing enterprises. A classification of MES and shop floor devices is presented focusing on the virtualization techniques suitable for each device type, considering the level of distributed intelligence and the virtualization overhead. Shop floor virtualization through shop floor profiles is presented and discussed underlying the flexibility of the solution. A pilot multi-agent implementation for virtual shop floor configuration based on the CoBASA reference architecture is presented and discussed. The shop floor profiles which define the virtual layout and mappings of the robotized manufacturing system are also provided in this context. The pilot implementation using six Adapt robots and a IBM CloudBurst 2.1 private cloud, is described and virtualization overhead in terms of event propagation delays is measured and presented in several scenarios of resource workload collocation on physical cloud blades     

基于BPEL和SOA的Web服务开发研究

针对当前软件系统开发中存在的系统和组件差异等问题,引入了面向服务的体系结构(SOA)的框架和商业过程执行语言(BPEL),并分析了BPEL的特性。结合一个具体应用实例来说明如何利用BPEL和SOA实现不同系统的整合及WEB服务的开发。     

Construction method of shop-floor digital twin based on MBSE

Digital twin (DT) technology is essential for achieving the fusion of virtual-real cyber-physical systems. Academics and companies have made great strides in the theoretical research and case studies of constructing the shop-floor digital twin (SDT), which is the premise of applying DT technology on the shop floor. A shop floor is a large complex system that involves many elements including people, machines, materials, methods, and the environment and processes, such as the technical flow, business process, logistics, and control flow. However, most of the developed cases lack a hierarchical, structured and modularized implementation framework for the development of an SDT system, which leads to problems such as a low reuse rate of the system blocks, lack of scalability, and high upgrade and maintenance costs. In response to these issues, we propose a construction method of the DT for the shop floor based on model-based systems engineering from the perspective of the system. In this method, a comprehensive DT model for the shop floor is gradually constructed by using system modeling language, the modeling method “MagicGrid,” and the “V model” of systems engineering. The model includes four dimensions of the shop-floor requirements, structure, behavior, and parameters, as well as three stages (the problem domain, solution domain, and implementation domain), and connects nine steps of the “V model,” including the system requirements, system architecture, subsystem implementation, subsystem integration, and system verification. Then, based on an example of a real NC machining shop floor, subsystems including a visualization system, synchronization system, and simulation system, are discussed. Finally, the functions of the integrated systems are verified based on the requirements, including the real-time synchronization of “man, machine, material, and method” and the transient simulation in real time. The numerical indicators of the integrated system are verified, including the model completeness and synchronization timeliness.     

一种自适应的BPEL流程控制策略及其实现

传统的BPEL语言,只是静态地描述业务流程与所需Web服务之间的绑定关系,并不能很快适应动态变化的SOA环境;针对这一问题,该文提出一种白适应的BPEL流程编排和执行机制,通过推迟业务过程与所需服务之间的绑定时间,加入动态服务选择机制,从而使得BPEL流程的执行过程具有一定程度的自适应特征,不仅提高了BPEL流程编排和...     

BPEL服务组合优化架构

针对当前服务组合存在的问题,提出了一个基于BPEL的服务组合优化框架。框架主要包括分布式UDDI服务注册中心,BPEL设计器,服务组合解析模块,服务组合优化模块等。从平台框架的提出设计到平台的实现贯彻了SOA的设计思想,优化服务组合,提高运行效率。     

Design of reconfiguration mechanism for holonic manufacturing systems based on formal models

One of the key design issues of holonic manufacturing systems (HMS) is to effectively respond to resource failures based on the flexible holonic architecture. The objective of this paper is to propose a viable design methodology to implement reconfiguration mechanism in HMS. A reconfiguration mechanism is developed to accommodate changes based on collaboration of holons without leading to chaos at the shop floor. To deal with resource failures in HMS, an impact function is defined to characterize the impact of resource failures on different holons in a holarchy. A collaborative reconfiguration mechanism based on an impact function is proposed to effectively reconfigure the systems to achieve minimal cost solutions. The design and implementation methodology combines contract net protocol for negotiation of holons, Petri net for the representation of individual product holons and resource holons and FIPA-compliant agent platform for publication/discovery of holons. A simulation system is developed to verify the proposed reconfiguration mechanism.     

罗克韦尔自动化制造融合技术在宁钢焦化厂信息与控制系统中的应用

文章主要阐述了罗克韦尔自动化制造融合产品与技术在宁波钢铁五丰塘焦化厂全厂控制及信息系统整合中的应用。全厂由7家设计院分别承担设计的24个控制子系统(包括DCS及PLC系统)统一采用罗克韦尔自动化的Logix控制器平台产品以及NetLinx开放的网络平台,通过其先进的基于SOA(面向服务)架构的FactoryTalk软件平台实现所有子系统的无缝集成,以及全厂集中监控、实时过程模型、生产实绩KPI分析、能源管理、环保监控、物料在线管理等功能。     

一个基于多代理的并行工程设计系统模型研究

并行工程设计方法试图在产品的早期设计时期就考虑产品生命周期中的各方面因素,但是要真正实现却是很困难的,该文给出了一个基于多代理的并行工程设计系统框架,来解决“考虑制造的设计（ＤＦＭ）”这一总理２,同样地,并行工程的其它考虑,如可装配性,可维护性与可服务性都能以同样的方式集成到这个框架中来。     

基于SOA的制造业MRPⅡ系统的研究与实现

随着制造资源计划(MRPⅡ)在制造行业的推广和应用,如何设计一个业务敏捷的MRPⅡ系统已经成为一种发展趋势。本文依据某制造企业的实际情况,结合面向服务构架(SOA)理念,设计出一种基于SOA的MRPⅡ系统的实现方案,着重研究了生产管理模块的设计与实现,详细分析生产管理的主要模块如MRP计算等,最后详细介绍了该系统4层架构的实现。     

RFID-enabled automation in support of factory integration

In recognition of the need for more effective and efficient factory system integration solutions, this paper improves the method proposed in our previous work, focusing on new mechanisms to bridge the gap between shop floor automation and factory information systems. As one of the mainstream identification technologies, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology makes possible all products uniquely identifiable across factories. By taking advantage of data capacity stored in an RFID tag, critical manufacturing information on a product can be locally stored with the product. RFID technology provides a means for a product to rapidly retrieve its needed information as it advances through shop floors. A corresponding framework to enable the instant delivery of pertinent data and information on a uniquely identifiable job/product at point-of-need across factories is proposed. A small-scale manufacturing application is presented to show how the proposed approach can be implemented on the shop floor.     

Implementation of rule-based information systems for integratedmanufacturing

Focuses on the development of a methodology within a software environment for automating the rule-based implementation of specifications of integrated manufacturing information systems. The specifications are initially formulated in a natural language and subsequently represented in terms of a graphical representation by the system designer. A new graphical representation tool is based on updated Petri nets (UPN) that we have developed as a specialized version of colored Petri nets. The rule-based implementation approach utilizes the similarity of features between UPN and the general rule specification language used for the implementation. The automation of the translation of UPN to the rule specification language is expected to considerably reduce the life-cycle for design and implementation of the system. The application presented deals with the control and management of information flow between the computer-aided design, process planning, manufacturing resource planning and shop floor control databases. This provides an integrated information framework for computer integrated manufacturing systems     

Agent-based Gateway Operating System for RFID-enabled ubiquitous manufacturing enterprise

Capturing and processing of real-time manufacturing shop floor field data is essential in improving the performance of shop floor planning, execution and control. Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) has enabled real-time information visibility and realized ubiquitous manufacturing enterprises with proper functionalities of Enterprise Information Systems (EISs). This paper presents a flexible, modularized and re-configurable framework for the new generation RFID middleware system, named Gateway Operating System (GOS). It is an overall software solution designed and proposed not only to address basic functions of RFID middleware system, but also to overcome the particular challenges and requirements for real-life manufacturing scenarios. GOS aims to provide an easy-to-deploy, simple-to-use and affordable RFID middleware solution for manufacturing applications. A multi-agent based model, named gateway smart agent manager, is designed to enable the heterogeneous RFID devices in a “Plug and Play” fashion and to cope with the changes from these connected hardware devices. To guarantee the versatility and scalability of GOS, an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) based message exchanging protocol is designed to fulfill the communication and interactions between applications and devices. Based on this protocol, an easy-to-deploy and simple-to-use application manager is built to manage, configure and use the connected devices as well as deployed applications. The proposed GOS will provide a new referenced framework for the development of lightweight RFID middleware system for manufacturing environment.     

Applications of agent-based systems in intelligent manufacturing: An updated review

Agent technology has been recognized as a promising paradigm for next generation manufacturing systems. Researchers have attempted to apply agent technology to manufacturing enterprise integration, enterprise collaboration (including supply chain management and virtual enterprises), manufacturing process planning and scheduling, shop floor control, and to holonic manufacturing as an implementation methodology. This paper provides an update review on the recent achievements in these areas, and discusses some key issues in implementing agent-based manufacturing systems such as agent encapsulation, agent organization, agent coordination and negotiation, system dynamics, learning, optimization, security and privacy, tools and standards.     

Information systems support for CNC machinists: Evaluating the impact of information technology at the shop floor

As information technology (IT) capabilities increase, manufacturing businesses are realigning their information systems infrastructure to remain competitive. This has resulted in substantial increases in IT use in technical areas of the business. Nevertheless, conventional paper‐based information systems are still common at the shop floor. Hence, manufacturers need to understand whether there is benefit in extending IT functionality to the shop floor. By evaluating the impact of hypermedia information systems on the independent decision‐making and communication capabilities of computer numerical control (CNC) machinists, this research aims to identify the shop floor benefits of replacing existing paper‐based systems with this relatively new technology in this context. The research findings have wide‐ranging implications for further research into the strategic implementation of shop floor IT and for future work structures in the metal cutting industry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 299–314, 2007.     

基于SOA和BPEL的业务流程管理研究与应用

针对当前软件系统开发中存在的系统和组件差异等问题,引入了面向服务的体系结构(SOA)的框架和业务过程执行语言(BPEL),给出了基于SOA和BPEL的业务流程管理框架,介绍了业务流程执行引擎的结构,并结合一个具体应用实例详细说明了BPEL流程的执行过程.     

Deadlock prevention and performance oriented supervision in flexible manufacturing cells: A hierarchical approach

In this paper, a hierarchical control system is proposed for automated flexible manufacturing cells (FMCs) that operate in a job shop flow setting. The control system is made up of a higher level scheduler that optimizes the production flow within the cell, and a lower level supervisor that implements the decisions of the scheduler on the shop floor. To obtain the supervisor, a production schedule is transformed into an augmented Marked Graph (MG) model that can interact with the cell devices. Because of the flow complexities inherent in job shop systems, they are usually prone to deadlocks. Accordingly, this paper also proposes a necessary condition for deadlock occurrence in the scheduling phase. The proposed approach is validated by implementation in an experimental manufacturing cell.     

Manufacturing planning and predictive process model integration using software agents

Intelligent agents provide a means to integrate various manufacturing software applications. The agents are typically executed in a computer-based collaborative environment, referred to as a multi-agent system. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a prototype multi-agent system supporting the integration of manufacturing planning, predictive machining models, and manufacturing control. The agents within this platform have access to a knowledge base, a manufacturing resource database, a numerical control programming system, a mathematical equation solving system, and a computer-aided design system. Intelligence has been implemented within the agents in rules that are used for process planning, service selection, and job execution. The primary purposes for developing such a platform are to support the integration of predictive models, process planning, and shop floor machining activities and to demonstrate an integration framework to enable the use of machining process knowledge with higher-level manufacturing applications.