节能降耗的电力计量技术的应用

电力能源的消耗是我国社会发展的重要组成部分,其对国民经济的增长和人民生活水平的提高具有十分重大的意义和作用.为了实现节能降耗的目的,就需要采用合理的措施来进行节能的计量工作,其中,供电计量的准确与否是影响电能质量的关键因素.因此,如何有效的控制电力的能耗就成为了必须要解决的问题.     

换热站控制策略优化与节能的探讨

节能技术的应用成为现阶段我国供热行业的热门话题和关注的焦点。换热站作为供热系统连接管网与用户的一个重要环节,换热站的自动化程度和换热站的控制策略对系统的运行有着至关重要的作用,同时对热网的节能也有很重要的影响。结合换热站自动控制国内外的发展现状,介绍供热系统的调节方式,对换热站的控制策略进行优化。优化换热站的控制策略不仅可以提高换热站的供热品质,还可以实现节能目标,提升经济效益。     

制冷剂环境影响及可持续发展浅析

论述了当前使用的制冷剂以及存在的问题,指出现行制冷剂对臭氧层的破坏作用及引起的温室效应,将严重影响环境的可持续发展。总结了当前制冷剂的替代工作及取得的成果。在论述可持续发展概念的基础上分析了制冷剂的替代研究与环境的可持续发展的关系,得出了环境的可持续发展的要求推动了制冷剂的替代研究工作,并为替代研究指明了方向,同时制冷剂的替代进一步促进了环境的可持续发展。总结了在环境可持续发展要求下的制冷剂的发展趋势。     

工业齿轮油的现状及发展趋势

随着齿轮设备的发展和使用环境的变化,机械设备对齿轮润滑的要求不断提高。齿轮油也随着工业设备的发展,质量不断提高。齿轮油的发展经历了从原来的低性能发展到现在的到高性能,从定期换油到免维护的发展过程。齿轮油的高性能离不开高性能添加剂和添加剂的复配,因此齿轮润滑油添加剂的发展是未来齿轮油高性能化的基础。随着齿轮油标准化的完善,齿轮油的使用更加规范。而随着环保的要求,可降解的合成油和植物油也开始在工业齿轮中应用。     

城镇污水处理厂节能降耗研究现状及发展趋势

污水处理属于能耗密集型的行业,我国的污水处理能耗大约占用社会电能耗的0.3%,因此探究污水处理工艺的节能措施有利于节约社会资源。当前我国的污水处理厂的基础设施正在不断的完善,为来污水处理厂运行中的节能消耗需要构建全程优化和精细化的管理体系,实现污水处理的节能。城镇污水的处理与我国建设绿色低碳环保节能的家园有着密切的关系。在研究城镇污水处理节能措施的基础上,分析其节能技术的途径以及未来城镇污水处理的发展趋势。     

热管的热分析

热管是高效的传热元件,它在我国工业上的应用越来越广泛。热管的经济性可以通过热管的热断(火用)效率来评价。热管吸收的热量和放出的热量相对环境温度都有一定的热(火用)数值。把热管吸收的热(火用)看作是:投入的热(火用),输出的热(火用)看作是受益的热(火用),那么受益的热(火用)与投入的热(火用)的比值就是热管的热(火用)效率。热管的热(火用)效率越高,说明热管的经济性就越好。根据需要的参数设计出来的热管也可以通过热(火用)效率来检查热管的传热性能。     

铀矿物的晶体结构与主要研究手段

近年来,随着核电事业的迅猛发展,作为核燃料的原材料铀矿的研究也不应落后.目前铀矿物学的研究日趋精细化,铀矿物的内部晶体结构直接与它们的物化性质密切相关,彻底查清这些性质对铀矿的找寻、采冶、铀环境的处理等具有重要的意义.通过借助一定的手段研究铀矿物内部晶体结构,再对铀矿物的基本性质和特征做总结性的系统论述,结论如下:1)矿物的晶体结构对矿物的物化性质有着非常重要的影响;2)晶质铀矿的晶胞参数在0.548～0.545 nm之间,人工合成UO2的晶胞参数为0.546 nm,沥青铀矿在0.545～0.537 nm之间;3)铀矿物中杂质离子的存在会在一定程度上影响铀矿物的晶体晶格的稳定性及其性质.     

燃气轮机燃烧室内部流场的冷态模拟与优化设计

利用流体分析软件STAR-CD对一个燃气轮机燃烧室的内部流场完整真实的几何结构进行了三维的冷态模拟；得出其内部的流场分布，对其加以分析，找出原设计中存在的问题，并加以改进，得出更加合理的流场分布，从而指导燃烧室的结构设计。改进后的数值模拟结果表明，改进措施的效果是十分明显的，所建立的流动分析系统为燃气轮机燃烧室的优化设计提供了强有力的计算分析工具。     

六电极矩形钛渣电炉的电极供电系统

六电极矩形钛渣电炉的电极供电对钛渣冶炼的稳定运行起着重要的作用,电极供电的结构布置、熔池加热功率的分布,电极电压、电极电流的检测,都对钛铁矿的入炉加料、电极的深度位置及矩形熔池的反应区尺寸的设计提供了重要的指导,保证了电弧的稳定燃烧,熔池反应区的温度均匀,提高了输入炉内的加热功率,对六电极矩形钛渣电炉的参数设计与工艺操作提供了理论依据。     

净化大气 拯救环境—抑制电厂烟气有害排放新技术综述—

电给人类的生活和工作带来了方便、舒适和进步,从其应用上的通用性和灵活性来看,它是唯一的,也是最为奇妙的一种能源。不幸的是它的生产却给人类的环境造成严重的污染。随着18世纪的工业革命及尔后的世界上工业的发展进程,燃用矿物燃料的火力发电厂及其他工业的投产日趋增多,从50年代起,在工业密集的欧洲就出现酸雨,酸性土壤和大片森     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

黄壁庄水库副坝塌陷机理分析

为了调查黄壁庄水库副坝频发塌陷事故的原因,从防渗墙槽壁稳定性角度研究了槽壁稳定性与护壁泥浆重度之间的关系,分析了第六次塌陷前的测试试验结果,并在多种因素共同作用下分析了黄壁庄水库副坝的塌陷机理。结果表明,由于护壁泥浆重度小于设计临界重度,使得槽壁失稳;同时泥浆水渗透到周围非饱和土层,引起土层地下水位上升,尤其是坝基下面的粉土层,在冲击成槽的施工振动、地下水位上升、含水率增加等多种因素的作用下逐渐液化,从而造成承载力降低;另外由于事先未发现基岩中存在溶洞,当成槽钻孔揭穿溶洞时,槽体内的护壁泥浆迅速下沉,槽壁的稳定急剧破坏,致使槽壁完全塌陷。     

汽轮机零件防锈性能的改善

介绍了汽轮机零件的封存特点、防锈要求及防锈油性能对比试验的方法,通过对试验结果的对比分析,客观验证了各种防锈油的性能。试验表明,只有选择了合适的防锈油,才能保证汽轮机零件长期封存的质量。