Synthesis,Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Abstract

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2–14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1–5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

Characterization of Al2O3–ZrO2 Mixed Oxide Supported Mo Hydrotreating Catalyst

Abstract

A series of molybdenum catalysts supported on Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ mixed oxide containing 50% ZrO₂ and 50% Al₂O₃ were prepared by incipient wetness technique and characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction and oxygen chemisorption. The catalytic activities for hydrodesulphurization (HDS), hydrogenation (HYD), and hydrocracking (HYC) were determined using thiophene, cyclohexene, and cumene as model compounds, respectively. Results indicate that up to 8 wt% Mo loading, the catalyst is well dispersed and crystallite growth occurred beyond this loading. Also both oxygen uptake and catalytic activities increase with Mo loading up to 8 wt% and then decreases at higher loading. A linear correlation was obtained between oxygen uptake and all catalytic activities and the correlation coefficients obtained suggest that the order of catalytic activities for HDS, HYD, and HYC is: HDS > HYD > HYC. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of the mixed oxide supported catalyst for HDS, HYD, and HYC were higher than those supported on pure alumina and pure zirconia. The incorporation of 3% Co on 8% Mo catalyst was determined to result in enhanced activity for HDS, HYD, and HYC.     

SiW/ZrO_2/MCM-41催化苯甲醚酰化反应

采用逐层浸渍法制备了MCM-41介孔分子筛负载ZrO2及硅钨酸(SiW)催化剂,考察了催化剂在以苯甲醚为原料、乙酸酐为酰化试剂的Friedel-Crafts酰化反应中的催化活性,同时对催化剂进行XRD、N2吸-脱附测试、DSC、FTIR、NH3-TPD等表征,研究了ZrO2与SiW及载体之间的相互作用对催化剂活性的影响。实验结果表明,SiW直接负载到MCM-41后,SiW与载体发生相互作用使Keggin结构发生畸变,导致活性下降;但SiW通过ZrO2接枝负载到MCM-41后,SiW较好地分散在载体表面且保持了完整的Keggin结构,SiW与ZrO2间的相互作用增加了催化剂上强酸中心的数目,显著提高了催化活性。催化剂的最佳制备条件为:ZrO2负载量20%(w),SiW负载量60%(w),焙烧温度200℃;最佳反应条件为:反应时间4 h,反应温度110℃,催化剂用量为0.2 g(基于10 mmol乙酸酐),苯甲醚与乙酸酐的摩尔比10。     

CoNiMo/MCM-41催化的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应

 以质量分数为0.8 %的二苯并噻吩（DBT）的十氢萘溶液为模型化合物，考察了全硅MCM-41担载的CoMo、NiMo以及CoNiMo硫化物催化剂的加氢脱硫（HDS）反应性能。结果表明，DBT在NiMo/MCM-41催化剂上主要通过加氢反应路径脱硫，而在CoMo/MCM-41和CoNiMo/MCM-41催化剂上主要通过直接脱硫反应路径脱硫。NiMo/MCM-41催化剂的HDS活性远高于CoMo/MCM-41或CoNiMo/MCM-41催化剂。CoNiMo/MCM-41催化剂反应性能与CoMo/MCM-41催化剂相似，没有观察到明显的双助剂效应。根据紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis）的测定结果，Co与Mo之间的相互作用比Ni与Mo之间的相互作用强，在CoNiMo/MCM-41催化剂中Co会优先与Mo结合，形成与CoMo/MCM-41催化剂中类似的活性相，表现出与CoMo/MCM-41催化剂相似的催化特性。     

Hydrotreating Activity of Heavy Gasoil over NiMo/γ-Al2O3-TiO2

Different γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂ catalysts were tested in a pilot plant fixed-bed reactor in order to evaluate the effect of atomic ratio (Ni/Ni + Mo) on hydrotreating activity of heavy gasoil FCC feed. Hydrotreating reactions were carried out at three temperatures (330, 365, and 400°C) and LHSV of 6 h^-1. Studies of atomic ratio were done varying Ni amounts (2, 2.4, and 2.95 wt%) whereas molybdenum loading was kept constant (6 wt%) for all catalysts, the behavior of these catalysts was compared with a reference catalyst containing 11.5 wt% of Mo and 2.95 wt% of Ni, which was evaluated at the same conditions. All catalysts were prepared by incipient impregnation method over γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂ (Ti = 5.6 wt%). Experimental results showed correlation between the atomic ratio (Ni/Ni + Mo) and the best results for hydrodemetallization where found for the catalyst with atomic ratio of (Ni/Ni + Mo) = 0.45.     

K2O对Co-Mo/MCM-41催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

分别采用分步浸渍法和共浸渍法将K2O引入Co-Mo/MCM-41催化剂的前驱体中,制得的催化剂分别记作K-CoMo/MCM-41和KCoMo/MCM-41,并以质量分数0.8 %二苯并噻吩（DBT）的十氢萘溶液作模型化合物,考察了3种硫化物催化剂对其加氢脱硫(HDS)反应的催化性能。采用XRD、UV-Vis和TPR分析手段对所得的催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,采用共浸渍法引入K2O,不仅破坏了载体全硅MCM-41的结构,还降低了Co-Mo/MCM-41催化剂中八面体配位的Mo物种含量;采用分步浸渍法将K2O引入Co-Mo/MCM-41前驱体中,对催化剂中物种的分布和配位状态影响不大,但抑制了Co-Mo/MCM-41前驱体的还原。DBT的脱硫路径有直接脱硫(DDS)和加氢脱硫(HYD)两条路径,在Co-Mo/MCM-41硫化物催化剂上,主要通过DDS路径脱硫。KCoMo/MCM-41对DBT的DDS和HYD的催化活性都低于Co-Mo/MCM-41,因而总的DBT HDS反应活性也较低。而采用分步浸渍法引入K2O对Co-Mo/MCM-41总的DBT HDS催化活性影响不大,但提高了Co-Mo/MCM-41对DDS路径的催化活性,同时抑制了其对HYD路径的催化活性,降低了反应过程中氢气的消耗。     

含钴 WP/MCM-41催化剂二苯并噻吩氢脱硫性能

 制备了不同 Co 含量的 WP/MCM-41催化剂,并采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、BET 比表面积以及 X-光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对催化剂进行了表征,采用微反装置对该催化剂二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价。结果表明,WP 是催化剂的主要活性相,Co 的加入不同程度地促进了 WP 晶相生长,同时在催化剂表面形成了具有一定活性的类似 Co—W—P 结构的双金属磷化物。Co 对 WP/MCM-41催化剂的 DBT HDS 反应有促进作用,催化剂中活性位数量以及主要活性相 WP 在催化剂表面所占比例是决定催化剂活性的主要因素。其中,Co 质量分数为9%的催化剂（Cat-Co-9）具有相对最高 DBT HDS 活性,其 DBT 脱硫率和转化率分别为63.7%和60.4%,比未加 Co 的催化剂分别提高13.2%和13.7%。DBT 在 WP/MCM-41催化剂上以加氢脱硫(HYD)路径为主,Co 的加入对 HYD 路径起到促进作用,但随着 Co 加入量的提高,其 HYD 路径产物选择性逐渐降低,而直接脱硫(DDS)路径产物选择性不断提高。     

Mo/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

以HZSM-5分子筛为载体、采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同Mo负载量的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂,采用BET,XRD,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR,TG等方法考察了Mo负载量对催化剂的结构、表面酸性和还原性的影响,并与催化剂的乙醇脱水反应活性和稳定性进行了关联。实验结果表明,随Mo负载量的增加,催化剂的比表面积和孔体积逐渐减小、总酸量减少、中强酸量逐渐增加。Mo负载量为5.0%(w)的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂(MHZ-5.0)的中强酸量较多,催化活性最佳;Mo负载量为10.0%(w)的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂中部分Mo抽提了骨架铝,破坏了分子筛骨架结构,催化活性下降。在反应温度250℃、重时空速3.0 h-1、0.1 MPa、MHZ-5.0催化剂6 g、50%(w)乙醇溶液进料的条件下反应200 h后,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性仍维持在97%以上,远高于HZSM-5分子筛原粉,说明Mo的添加不仅提高了催化剂的活性还有效延长了催化剂的使用寿命。     

超稳Y沸石负载杂多酸催化剂的制备、表征及催化性能Ⅱ.萘的异丙基化反应

采用室温过量浸渍法制备了一系列超稳Y沸石负载的磷钨酸催化剂,详细考察了这类催化剂在萘的异丙基化反应中的催化性能,并与其它催化剂进行了比较。结果发现,超稳Y沸石负载10%的磷钨酸催化剂在433K的较低反应温度下具有较高的活性和选择性,其最佳活化温度为573K。使用过量的异丙醇和延长反应时间均使其转化率提高,而选择性仍然维持在较高水平。在相同的反应条件下,超稳Y沸石负载10%的磷钨酸较中孔分子筛MCM-41及SBA-15负载的磷钨酸催化剂具有更高的活性和相似的选择性。     

Ru/MCM-41催化剂上苯的液相加氢反应

 以Si-MCM-41、Al-MCM-41(1) (n(Si)/n(Al)=15)、Al-MCM-41(2) (n(Si)/n(Al)=10)以及用NH4NO3或HAc的醇溶液分别与Si-MCM-41离子交换所得的H-MCM-41(N)和H-MCM-41(H)为载体制备了系列Ru/MCM-41催化剂。采用N2吸附、XRD和H2-TPR表征了负载Ru前后催化剂的结构及Ru在各种载体表面上的分散状态。以0.5%（质量分数）苯的环己烷溶液为模型化合物，在298K、3.0MPa反应条件下，考察了上述催化剂的苯液相加氢反应性能，并与Ru/HY、Ru/H和Pt/MCM-41催化剂进行了比较。结果表明，载体MCM-41的n(Si)/n(Al)和表面化学组成等性质对Ru在其表面上的分散状态、还原性及催化性能均有影响。对苯的转化率与反应时间的关系曲线进行拟合，发现其遵循一级动力学方程，加氢反应速率常数按照Ru/Al-MCM-41(2)相似文献   

纳米金催化剂Au@TiO2/MCM-22的制备及其催化环己烷选择氧化反应性能

Au nanoparticles catalyst Au@TiO₂/MCM-22 was prepared by photocatalytic direct reduction method and characterized by ICP, XRD, TEM, etc. The catalyst was applied in the catalytic cyclohexane selective oxidation. The results showed that Au loading efficiency in preparation of Au@TiO₂/MCM-22 was significantly improved, and Au@TiO₂/MCM-22 had excellent catalytic performance in cyclohexane oxidation. With Au@TiO₂/MCM-22(w_Au=0.50%), as catalyst, under the reaction conditions of O₂ pressure 1.0 MPa, reaction temperature 150℃, reaction time 1.0 h, the cyclohexane conversion reached to 11.43%, the total selectivity of the desired product cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone and cyclohexyl hydrogen peroxide was up to 90.72%. After four times used the catalytic activity of Au@TiO₂/MCM-22 catalyst was substantially constant.     

Surface Properties and Reactivity of Iron-Doped Titanium Oxides Catalysts in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene with CO2

The effect of Fe³⁺ doping level on the surface properties and catalytic performance of a series of iron-doped titanium oxide catalysts (1-7 mol% Fe³⁺) prepared using an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method was investigated in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with CO₂. The characterization of catalysts was carried out by means of x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and the method of Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET). It was found that the capacity of isolated Fe³⁺ centers in titania matrix is responsible for the catalytic performance; the catalysts exhibit the best activity at the loading level of Fe³⁺, about 3 mol%. In addition, it was shown that the appropriate pore size of the catalysts ranges from 5 nm to 25 nm; the selectivity to styrene increases with an increase in the specific surface area of the appropriate pores.     

Hydrogenation of Naphthalene on HY/MCM-41 Composite Supported Sulfided Ni-Mo Catalysts

A series of mesoporous molecular sieves, MCM-41 with different Si/Al molar ratios, were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The influence of aluminum content on the properties and pore structure of MCM-41 molecular sieves was investigated. The supported Ni-Mo catalysts with MCM-41 and γ-Al₂O₃ as supports were synthesized by impregnating with Ni-Mo-P solution. The activity of the catalysts was characterized by hydrogenation of naphthalene. The influence of Si/Al ratio of MCM-41 on hydrogenation activity of the catalysts was investigated. The results indicated that the relative crystallinity of MCM-41 decreases with the increase of aluminum content in the molecular sieves; however, the hydrogenation activity of the catalysts, especially the ring-opening activity, increases with the increase of aluminum content. The synergistic effect for hydrogenation of naphthalene was found by mixing MCM-41 and HY molecular sieves. At 360°C the catalysts with HY and MCM-41 mixture as supports had higher activity. The reaction network for hydrogenation of naphthalene includes two parallel pathways; naphthalene was hydrogenated to tetralin, then the isomerization and ring-opening of tetralin occurred, or tetralin was further hydrogenated to decalin, followed by the isomerization and ring-opening of decalin.     

以MCM-41作载体的磷化镍催化剂的加氢脱氮性能

 采用原位还原方法制备了以MCM-41作载体的磷化镍催化剂，并以喹啉作模型化合物考察了其加氢脱氮(HDN)反应性能。结果表明，由MCM-41担载制备的磷化镍催化剂的HDN活性远高于传统的硫化态Ni-W催化剂，最佳Ni/P摩尔比为1.0~1.25。从反应中间体和产物分析结果可以看出，磷化镍催化剂表现出很高的加氢活性，这可能是磷化镍催化剂具有较高脱氮活性的主要原因。当NiO和P₂O₅总担载量低于40%时，催化剂活性随着NiO和P₂O₅总担载量的增加而增加，其最佳担载量为30%。XRD结果表明，Ni₂P与Ni₁₂P₅同为HDN活性相，但Ni₂P活性更高。     

HPMo-Ni/La-MCM-41催化正庚烷异构化反应

采用浸渍法制备了以La-MCM-41为载体的HPMo-Ni/La-MCM-41系列催化剂。采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、FT-IR、SEM、Py-IR、NH₃-TPD等手段表征所制备催化剂,并考察了它们在正庚烷异构化反应中的催化性能。结果表明,与MCM-41相比,La-MCM-41表面具有弱酸性,HPMo在La-MCM-41表面负载更有利于保持其Brönsted酸酸酸性和酸强度。在反应温度280℃,还原温度370℃,还原时间4h,MHSV=3.52 h^-1,n(H₂)/n(C₇H₁₆)=12的条件下,20%HPMo-5%Ni/La-MCM-41催化剂催化正庚烷异构化反应的转化率为22.7%,异庚烷的选择性为63.5%。反应产物中多支链异庚烷比例较高,表明所制备的HPMo-Ni/La-MCM-41催化剂在长链烷烃异构反应中具有很好应用潜力。     

Ni/Mo/MgAl(O)催化甲烷干重整制合成气的研究

通过焙烧由共沉淀法制备的NiMgAl-Mo₇O₂₄^6-类水滑石,制备了一系列不同MoO₃质量分数(0、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%)的Ni/Mo/MgAl(O)复合氧化物催化剂。将该催化剂用于甲烷干重整(DRM)反应中,并研究了MoO₃的含量对催化剂性能的影响。借助XRD、BET、H₂-TPR、CO化学吸附、CO₂-TPD以及O₂-TPO等表征手段研究了催化剂结构和性能之间的关系。结果表明,催化剂的催化活性和抗积炭性能与MoO₃含量有关,当MoO₃的负载量为15%时,催化剂的催化活性和稳定性最佳,其在GHSV=60000 mL/(g·h),800℃反应57 h后,甲烷转化率仍维持在66%以上。较大的比表面积、强的金属与载体作用力、较高的金属分散度、适量的酸性和碱性位点数以及Ni-Mo双金属合金的协同作用,使得催化剂具有较好的催化活性和较强的抗积炭能力。     

Mo_2N催化剂加氢脱硫性能的研究

在中压反应装置中以环己烷６９％（ｍ），环己烯２０％（ｍ），苯１０％（ｍ），噻吩１％（ｍ）混合液为反应物，考察了不同比表面Ｍｏ２Ｎ的加氢脱硫（ＨＤＳ）、环己烯加氢（ＨＹＤ）和苯加氢（ＢＨＤ）的活性。表面积大的催化剂，ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ活性均高，但若用比活性比较，则刚好相反。在一较宽温度范围内测试Ｍｏ２Ｎ催化性能，ＨＤＳ和ＨＹＤ活性随温度升高而增加，但各温区变化幅度差异较大。对Ｍｏ２Ｎ催化剂采用３种预处理方法：（１）４００℃下Ｈ２还原；（２）４００℃下Ｈ２Ｓ／Ｈ２硫化；（３）不处理。结果表明，ＨＤＳ和ＨＹＤ活性顺序为预还原＞不处理＞预硫化。预还原处理的Ｍｏ２Ｎ具有接近硫化态商品ＮｉＣｏＭｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的催化剂性能，此催化剂具有良好的应用前景     

Na2O及其引入顺序对Ni-Mo/MCM-41催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

 采用不同顺序将Na2O引入到NiMo/MCM-41催化剂前驱体中,并以质量分数0.8 %的二苯并噻吩（DBT）的十氢萘溶液作模型化合物,考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫（HDS）催化性能。结果表明,引入Na2O促进了NiMo/MCM-41催化剂前驱体中 -NiMoO4 物种的生成,不利于活性组分的分散,同时还抑制了其还原。分步浸渍法引入Na2O影响了催化剂中Mo物种的配位状态。Na2O引入顺序对NiMo/MCM-41催化剂HDS催化活性有较大影响。共浸渍法引入Na2O时,同时抑制了催化剂的加氢反应路径（HYD）和直接脱硫反应路径（DDS）催化活性,因此其HDS催化活性最低。与共浸渍和在活性组分之后引入Na2O相比,在活性组分之前引入Na2O对催化剂的HYD催化活性影响最小,但DDS催化活性显著增加,提高了总的HDS催化活性。通过控制碱金属氧化物的引入顺序,可以调变催化剂活性和选择性,是一种对硫化物催化剂有效的改性方法。     

ZSM-5/MgO质量比对复合催化剂物化性质及合成甲硫醇反应的影响

采用介孔碱性MgO对微孔酸性ZSM-5分子筛进行复合改性,利用液相沉淀包覆技术制备了ZSM-5/MgO复合催化剂,研究了ZSM-5与MgO质量比对复合催化剂物化性质和合成甲硫醇催化性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积及孔隙分析仪(BET)和化学吸附分析仪(CO₂/NH₃-TPD)等手段对不同复合催化剂的晶相组成、微观形貌、孔结构及表面酸碱性进行分析表征。结果表明：ZSM-5/MgO质量比对ZSM-5/MgO复合催化剂的物化性质和催化性能影响较大。过高或过低ZSM-5/MgO质量比制得复合催化剂中MgO结晶度都有所降低,且未形成包覆相结构;ZSM-5/MgO质量比为1/3时制得复合催化剂形成了均匀包覆相结构和微 介孔结构(总比表面积为162 m²/g,总孔体积0.46 cm³/g),同时具有酸碱特性;在反应压力1.0 MPa、反应温度370  ℃、H2S/CH₃OH摩尔比2/1、N₂流速80 mL/min、H₂S流速4.9 mL/min反应条件下合成甲硫醇,复合催化剂表现出优越的催化性能、稳定性及寿命,CH₃OH转化率、CH₃SH选择性和CH₃SH收率分别达到90.48%、90.04%和81.47%,催化剂寿命达到18 h。与单一ZSM-5分子筛相比,复合催化剂寿命延长了7 h,CH₃SH收率提高了13.97百分点。     

Mo/Tio_2-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的研究

在中压反应装置上以环己烷70w％、环己烯25w％和噻吩5w％混合液为反应物,考察了Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)和环已烯加氢(HYD)活性。催化剂采用三种预处理条件:(1)400℃H_2S/H_2硫化;(2)500℃H_2还原;(3)不处理。结果表明,预硫化处理的催化剂活性最高,且HYD/HDS大于1。Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3的HYD和HDS的活性总是比Mo/Al_2O_2高。当TiO_2的含量超过单分子层时,不经任何处理的Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂就具有很高的HDS和HYD性能,表明TiO_2-Al_2O_3载体有显著改善Mo催化剂加氢脱硫性能的作用。