5083铝合金TIP TIG焊工艺试验及组织性能研究

文中采用TIG和TIP TIG 2种铝合金焊接方法进行5084铝合金的焊接试验对比,通过对其焊接接头进行显微金相、力学性能、焊接残余应力及焊接接头微区性能分析,研究了2种焊接方法对5083铝合金焊接接头综合性能的影响。5083铝合金TIP TIG焊的焊缝抗拉强度略低于母材的,但均高于母材标准最低抗拉强度值;能够有效消除焊缝内的气孔,焊缝中析出相较少,有少量的零散偏析成分,焊接接头热影响区有析出相分散;焊接接头热影响区显微硬度稍高于焊缝及熔合线附近区域的,熔合线附近显微硬度较低。     

6005A-5083铝合金焊接接头的微观组织与力学性能研究

为提高接头质量和可靠性,通过微观组织观察、室温拉伸、硬度、疲劳等试验对6005A-5083焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:6005A-5083铝合金焊接接头焊缝成形良好,无明显焊接缺陷,焊缝组织未见异常。6005A侧熔合区存在轻微的Mg元素偏析,5083侧合金元素分布均匀。接头抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率的平均值分别为181MPa、115MPa、7.2%,其断口呈现韧性断裂特征,通过S-N曲线拟合得到的疲劳极限不低于75 MPa。焊接接头焊缝区域、5083侧热影响区、6005A侧热影响区宽度分别约为10mm、10mm和35mm。该焊接接头存在软化区,6005A侧熔合区为较薄弱环节。     

6005A-5083异种铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接

采用激光-MIG复合焊接方法对高速列车用6005A-5083异种铝合金进行焊接,分析焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能。研究结果表明,焊缝组织对异种铝合金材料的适应性良好,靠近5083铝合金的焊缝微观组织与靠近6005A铝合金的焊缝微观组织特征相同;5083铝合金与6005A铝合金的硬度分布有明显差别,5083铝合金的热影响区宽1 mm,6005A铝合金的热影响区宽10.5 mm,6005A铝合金热影响区的软化区是整个接头硬度最低的部位;接头平均抗拉强度225 MPa,拉伸试样在6005A铝合金热影响区的软化区发生断裂;接头抗弯性能良好;6005A铝合金的热影响区冲击功最高,焊缝的冲击功最低。     

6005A铝合金焊接接头预腐蚀对其疲劳性能的影响

6005A铝合金广泛用于高速列车的生产。通过对4 mm厚6005A铝合金焊接接头进行预腐蚀试验及疲劳性能测试,研究不同预腐蚀等级下6005A铝合金焊接接头的疲劳寿命及预腐蚀对焊接接头疲劳强度的影响。结果表明,6005A铝合金焊接接头经预腐蚀后,腐蚀最严重的为熔合线,其次为母材,焊缝腐蚀程度最轻;与未腐蚀试样相比,预腐蚀试样的疲劳极限有一定降低;预腐蚀后焊接接头断裂均在熔合线;断口疲劳源区可发现类解理河流、台阶花样及擦伤痕迹,疲劳扩展区发现明显疲劳条带。     

轨道车辆车体5083铝合金焊接接头低温服役性能研究

随着中国轨道车辆行业的快速发展,轨道车体铝合金焊接接头在各种环境条件下的服役性能越来越受到关注,研究铝合金焊接接头低温服役性能对于高速列车服役安全及确保高速列车车体设计具有重要意义。针对A5083P-O铝合金焊接接头开展了金相组织观察、硬度测试及不同低温条件(常温、-25℃、-40℃、-50℃)下的拉伸试验、弯曲试验及疲劳强度试验。试验结果表明:(1)接头抗拉强度随着温度的降低有所提高;(2)接头在各个温度条件下的疲劳强度差别不大,这是由于焊接接头中存在微小气孔,使得温度对疲劳强度的影响不是很明显。     

船用5083铝合金MIG焊工艺适应性及组织性能分析

为获得符合中国船级社要求的铝合金焊接接头,选用ER5356铝合金焊丝进行5083铝合金MIG焊对接试验。采用微观金相观察及力学性能测试等方法对6 mm厚焊接接头进行了焊接间隙和错边适应性研究,以获得5083铝合金MIG焊对母材间隙和错边的适应窗口区,同时对焊接接头力学性能和微观组织进行分析。结果表明,在板厚6 mm的情况下,铝合金MIG焊对对接间隙的容忍性较强,达到母材厚度的66.6%,对于错边量的容忍性可达母材厚度的50%;焊缝区组织均匀细小,主要由α-Al相和β-Al3Mg2相组成,热影响区组织相较焊缝区有一定的粗化;焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为263.5 MPa,达到母材的94.1%,并具有良好的抗弯曲性能,焊接接头熔合线处硬度值最低,为70 HV,满足船级社的标准要求。     

焊接热循环对A5083P-O和A7N01P-T4铝合金接头组织性能的影响

针对铝合金车体生产中焊接热循环对铝合金接头组织性能的影响,选择A5083P-O、A7N01P-T4两种铝合金材料,在相同的焊接环境、拘束条件下,采用相同的焊接参数,经过不同次数焊接热循环后,对试样进行无损检测、金相组织及硬度分析,结果发现A5083P-O、A7N01P-T4材料具有不同的热裂纹倾向性,为后续生产中多次修补提供理论依据。     

高速列车侧墙大型材激光-MIG复合焊接

试验采用激光-MIG复合焊接方法对高速列车6005A铝合金侧墙大型材进行焊接,分析焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能。研究结果表明,焊接接头呈现漏斗状,明显分为两部分,上半部分较宽呈现碗形,下半部分较窄呈现锥形;由焊缝中心至熔合线,Al、Mg元素的含量有所升高;焊缝中心的等轴晶组织均匀细小,熔合线附近的柱状晶组织短小且特征模糊;焊接接头硬度介于54.12~84.02 HV,焊缝和热影响区的软化区是硬度最低的区域,焊接接头热影响区宽约9 mm;焊接接头抗拉强度稳定,平均抗拉强度210 MPa,明显高于常规MIG焊接接头。     

微观组织对2A12铝合金熔焊接头力学性能的影响

采用TIG焊对2A12铝合金薄板进行焊接,并对接头的组织及力学性能相关性进行分析.金相观察发现焊缝及熔合区内晶粒粗大且不均匀,焊缝从边缘的柱状晶向中心的等轴晶过渡,熔合线附近出现粗细晶混杂分布.采用显微硬度及拉伸试验研究了焊接接头力学性能不均匀性.结果表明,硬度最小值处于焊缝的熔合区,拉伸试样亦断裂在该区,与组织分布相...     

TIG重熔对A5083铝合金焊接接头微区性能和残余应力的影响

对A5083铝合金焊接接头进行了TIG重熔试验,并进行了硬度测试、微型剪切试验和X射线衍射残余应力测试分析.结果表明:TIG重熔后焊接接头的硬度变化不明显,抗剪强度基本不变,但接头的压入率有所提高,塑性变好;TIG重熔能使A5083铝合金焊接接头残余应力分布更趋均匀化,降低焊缝及焊趾残余应力值,提高焊接接头疲劳寿命.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。