风能资源开发利用的气象技术应用和发展

基于要实现科学高效地开发利用风能资源,促进我国从风能大国向风能强国发展,针对风能资源开发利用过程中的气象技术应用,依据过去大量的项目实践、数据分析和相关测试试验结果,归纳总结了气象技术在我国风能资源开发利用各环节的应用现状、存在问题及其对项目效益可能产生的影响;在分析大气科学的相关原理和风电产业发展对气象技术应用的特殊需求基础上,提出了风能资源测量、分析评估、数值模拟和数值预报技术应用时应注意的几个关键技术问题及其发展方向。     

我国海上风能资源评估获突破性进展

正近日,记者从中国海军旅顺某部获悉,我国在海上风能资源评估方面取得突破性进展,实现了全球海域风能资源的等级区划。据悉,我国青年科学家郑崇伟、潘静历时3年,突破瓶颈,首次实现了覆盖全球海域风能资源的等级区划,得到国际能源类权威刊物《可再生与可持续能源评论》的认可,表明我国在海上风能资源评估方面走在了世界前列。该研究综合考虑风能密度的季节特征、能级频率、有效风速出现频率、大风频率、风能     

近海风电场的发展及其关键技术

风是没有公害的能源之一.其蕴量巨大,全球的风能约为2.74×109MW,其中可利用的风能为2×107MW,比地球上可开发利用的水能总量还要大10倍.对于缺水、缺燃料和交通不便的沿海岛屿、草原牧区、山区和高原地带,因地制宜地利用风力发电,非常适合.风力发电在近几年发展很快,但由于陆上风电场存在占用土地资源,产生噪声污染、干扰公众视觉等问题,阻碍了其发展.自上世纪90年代开始,人们的视线逐渐转向了海上,修建近海风电场.本文将就近海风电场的发展问题和发展中的一些技术支持做一些阐述.     

海上风电开发与多能源协同供电规模化制氢(氧)产业基地建设研究

中国风能资源丰富,沿海尤其是近海海域风能资源更为丰富,为大规模、超大规模海上风电发展创造了巨大空间。大规模非并网风电的应用,更是开辟了一条中国特色风电多元化发展之路。本文分析了海上风能资源布局及沿海风电开发现状;在风电非并网理论指导下,以规模化制氢产业为例,探讨非并网风电与高载能产业间的链合路径,并构建相应产业链;依据产业链合机制,探讨多能源协同供电规模化制氢(氧)产业基地建设的实施目标与战略规划。     

工程项目管理中的人工神经网络方法及其应用

概括了神经网络在工程项目管理中的应用,包括风险预测评估、费用估计、绩效预测、项目组织有效性预测、工程事故诊断、索赔争议分析、投标决策、进度费用优化、资源平衡等,总结分析了应用中存在的问题,并对如何开展神经网络方法在我国项目管理中的应用,提出了一些意见和建议.     

海上风电场规划的主要影响因素分析

海上风电是新能源发展的一个战略重点,目前我国沿海地区正在积极开展大规模海上风电的规划。对中国近海风电场规划与开发现状进行了介绍,总结了近海风电场规划的主要内容,分析了近海风电场在规划中的主要影响因素和解决方法。     

用软件对风资源进行准确评估——5％的评估误差就可能导致项目从赢利变为亏损

作为风电项目前期工作的重要一环,风电场规划区域的风能资源评估是项目是否可行最重要的判决依据之一。科学准确的风能资源评估,可以有效规避投资风险,显著提高规划风电场的年发电量,延长风电机组运行年限,降低风电场建设和维护成本。     

我国风电开发利用的生态和气候环境效应研究建议

截至2017年,我国风电累计装机容量已连续8年位居世界第一。未来,我国风电发展依然会维持较高比例增长,在此形势下,迫切需要认清风能资源开发对生态和气候环境的影响,以保证风电可持续性发展。设立国家重大基础科学研究计划,组织开展风电开发的生态和气候效应研究是十分必要的。建议通过观测实验、机理分析、数值模拟、影响评估以及适应和减缓措施研究,提出2050年我国风电发展的规划布局;研究建立风电项目开发建设对生态和环境影响的评价方法和指标体系;建立国家风能开发区生态和气候环境监测网,并与全国风电场的运行有效联系,利用大数据和人工智能等技术,定期评估整体和局地的生态、气候环境效应。     

碳纤维材料在风电领域中的应用

风能作为最清洁、最安全的能源,随着商业化程度和市场竞争的不断加剧,越来越受到关注与重视。目前,低成本的风力发电已成为当今世界风能的主要利用方式之一[1-2]。一、国内外风电发展现状1.国外发展现状据悉,全球风能资源高达1700TW,但目前只利用了0.02TW《。全球风能展     

风力发电在江西省应用的思考

本文主要介绍了江西省的风能资源概况及风能总储量,通过分析现阶段江西发展风力发电的优势及存在的困难,对江西省未来的风力发电应用进行展望。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from