FSAN OAN-WG and future issues for broadband optical access networks

Network operators are aiming to provide a broadband access network to facilitate the next-generation telecom services. They have established the Full Services Access Networks (FSAN) group in order to find the best way to achieve early and cost-effective deployment of broadband optical access systems. They concluded that a single worldwide broadband access system should be investigated in the FSAN and then standardized in the international standards bodies such as the ITU-T. This article outlines the FSAN organization and the study targets for its Optical Access Network working group, and some key future study issues in terms of optical distribution network requirements and the required system functionalities of the B-PON system. It also describes its standardization strategy and the interaction between the FSAN and ITU-T     

5G核心网云网一体化运维

全球大多数主流运营商已转向5G独立组网架构,并开始了5G独立组网架构的商用部署。5G核心网采用网络功能虚拟化技术,将通用的计算、存储、网络等硬件形成多种虚拟资源,基于需要实现网络功能及资源动态灵活性部署。随着网络功能虚拟化的5G核心网的大规模商用部署,5G核心网的运营维护也面临新的挑战。分析了5G核心网的虚拟化部署方案带来的运营维护工作难点,提出5G核心网运营维护系统建设的架构和方案,并在此基础上提出5G核心网云网一体化运营维护组织架构建议,为5G核心网云网一体化运维工作提供参考。     

Network architecture and medium access control for deploying third generation (3G) wireless systems over CATV networks

We propose a novel and cost‐effective approach for the deployment of third generation (3G) wireless systems over hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) CATV networks. The main goal is to facilitate 3G deployment over the existing CATV plant and reduce the large cost required for building a dedicated last mile infrastructure for 3G access networks. Our proposal reduces the last mile cost by sharing the existing CATV network and using the standard equipment and protocols of data‐over‐cable systems interface specifications (DOCSIS). This allows rapid deployment of 3G wireless systems, facilitates convergence of wireless and wireline networks and paves the way towards all IP wireless networks. Enhancements to the DOCSIS medium access control (MAC) protocol must be implemented in order to support Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for 3G data and signaling traffic. This paper presents the proposed 3G over CATV network architecture and DOCSIS medium access control (MAC) enhancements for enabling the support of QoS guarantees for 3G data and signaling traffic. The proposed MAC enhancements can reduce the access delay for delay‐sensitive traffic by 30 to 40% over existing DOCSIS MAC without compromising QoS guarantees for other traffic classes, or the DOCSIS channel utilization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TDD-CDMA for the 4th generation of wireless communications

This article discusses an evolutionary TDD mode of CDMA-based path for 3.5G/4G systems. This technology has already been the basis of two 3G standards: TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA with a synchronous uplink. Several techniques have been developed that allow TDD-CDMA-based systems to transmit at rates usually associated with 3.5G to 4G, up to 10-20 Mbit/s with wide area coverage. The present TDD-CDMA-based 3G standards are evolving to provide these higher rates, while fully retaining the coverage and mobility associated with, and expected from, the present mobile communications systems. This article discusses how TDD-CDMA specific techniques facilitate delivering services at data rates associated with 3.5G and 4G. We review how TDD-CDMA can provide for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmissions, facilitate deployment of advanced antennas for improved downlink coverage, and enable provision of advanced receiver techniques in base stations and mobiles. We also discuss how these techniques affect systems capacity in full packet-switched IP-based systems. We then discuss 4G TDD CDMA systems: those with different modulation techniques for uplink and downlink communications. These are generally based on a multicarrier mode of CDMA, and may incorporate OFDM technique.     

5G核心网部署及演进方案

首先结合国内运营商的 5G 商用情况分析了非独立（non-standalone,NSA）组网的劣势,建议控制NSA投入,以独立（standalone,SA）组网为目标开展5G网络建设;然后基于5G核心网标准进展及R16标准的主要变化,分析5G SA核心网商用部署及后续2G/4G/5G融合演进规划部署建议,包含5G边缘计算节点的商用部署建议以及后续的规划建设建议。建议以终为始、尽早统筹开展2G/4G/5G融合组网规划建设,以有效保护投资、降低组网和维护复杂度,实现控制面全云化部署、用户面分布式下沉部署的目标架构;为5G SA核心网建设提供参考借鉴。     

基于IEEE802．16的WiMax组网技术

无线宽带城域网正在成为无线接入领域新的热点,基于此重点阐述了WiMax的组网方案,根据尽量对目前正使用网络兼容和补充的原则,提出了WiMax组网分3个阶段进行的策略,并且给出了每阶段的详细组网方案。     

Integrated circuits for channel coding in 3G cellular mobile wireless systems

Error control coding is a key element of any digital wireless communication system, minimizing the effects of noise and interference on the transmitted signal at the physical layer. In 3G mobile cellular wireless systems, error control coding must accommodate both voice and data users, whose requirements vary considerably in terms of latency, throughput, and the impact of errors on the user application. At the base station, dedicated hardware or readily reconfigurable components are needed to address the concurrent coding and decoding demands of a large number of users with different call parameters. In contrast, the encoder and decoder at the user equipment (UE) are dedicated to a single call setup which changes infrequently. In designing encoder and decoder solutions for 3G wireless systems, not only are the performance issues important, but also the costs. Cellular wireless infrastructure manufacturers need to reduce costs, maximize system reuse, and increase flexibility in order to compete in the market. Furthermore, future-proofing a network is a primary concern due to the high cost of deployment. For the UE, power consumption (battery life) and size are key constraints in addition to manufacturing costs. This article considers the 3G decoder design problem and, using case studies, describes two 3G decoder solutions using ASICs. The first device is targeted for base station deployment and is based on a unified architecture for convolutional and turbo decoding. The second device is a dedicated high-speed radix-4 logMAP turbo decoder targeted for UE, motivated by the requirements for high-speed downlink packet access. Both devices have been fabricated in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, and while optimized for either base station or UE, may be used in both applications.     

4G与5G网络互操作部署策略研究

未来4G与5G网络将会长期共存,共同发展,运营商在整个网络建设过程中需重点考虑4G与5G制式共存下的系统间的互操作。因此,本文根据3GPP Rel-15标准要求,讨论了融合网元部署策略、N26接口开启策略、语音方案选择、切换方案选择等4G/5G互操作过程中面临的关键问题, 分析出4/5G网络共存下互操作关键部署策略,为后续运营商在网络演进中选择部署策略提供参考。     

Enhancing the robustness of object detection via 6G vehicular edge computing

Academic and industrial communities have been paying significant attention to the 6th Generation (6G) wireless communication systems after the commercial deployment of 5G cellular communications. Among the emerging technologies, Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) can provide essential assurance for the robustness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms to be used in the 6G systems. Therefore, in this paper, a strategy for enhancing the robustness of AI model deployment using 6G-VEC is proposed, taking the object detection task as an example. This strategy includes two stages: model stabilization and model adaptation. In the former, the state-of-the-art methods are appended to the model to improve its robustness. In the latter, two targeted compression methods are implemented, namely model parameter pruning and knowledge distillation, which result in a trade-off between model performance and runtime resources. Numerical results indicate that the proposed strategy can be smoothly deployed in the onboard edge terminals, where the introduced trade-off outperforms the other strategies available.     

Achieving performance enhancement in IEEE 802.11 WLANs by using the DIDD backoff mechanism

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on the IEEE 802.11 standards have been widely implemented mainly because of their easy deployment and low cost. The IEEE 802.11 collision avoidance procedures utilize the binary exponential backoff (BEB) scheme that reduces the collision probability by doubling the contention window after a packet collision. In this paper, we propose an easy‐to‐implement and effective contention window‐resetting scheme, called double increment double decrement (DIDD), in order to enhance the performance of IEEE 802.11 WLANs. DIDD is simple, fully compatible with IEEE 802.11 and does not require any estimation of the number of contending wireless stations. We develop an alternative mathematical analysis for the proposed DIDD scheme that is based on elementary conditional probability arguments rather than bi‐dimensional Markov chains that have been extensively utilized in the literature. We carry out a detailed performance study and we identify the improvement of DIDD comparing to the legacy BEB for both basic access and request‐to‐send/clear‐to‐send (RTS/CTS) medium access mechanisms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SLLR‐MDIC: Spatial log‐likelihood multiuser detection and interference cancelation scheme for OFDM‐IDMA

Wireless communication systems have gained huge attraction from research community, industrial, and academic field due to their significant impact on improving the communication efficiency, ease of deployment, and cost‐effective solution for real‐time communication. In this field of wireless communication, cellular communications have grown rapidly due to their daily usages and advantages. This increased demand of cellular communication systems has led to the evolution of 3G, 4G, and 5G communication systems, which in turn demands for higher efficiency and better bandwidth utilization. Due to heavy usage of network communication, multiple users may cause interference which subsequently may lead to the performance degradation which could be addressed using multiuser detection scheme. However, several schemes have been introduced for improving the system performance, but multiple access (MA) still remains a challenging task. Hence, in this work, we present a novel approach called Spatial Log‐Likelihood Multiuser Detection and Interference Cancelation (SLLR‐MDIC) that uses interleaving division multiple access (IDMA) to improve the communication and developed a multiuser detection approach using spatial log‐likelihood ratios. Further, we have developed orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access (OFDM)–IDMA‐based interference cancelation scheme in multiple access to improve the performance using rake receiver based approach. The performance of SLLR‐MDIC scheme is compared with existing techniques of multiuser detection in terms of bit‐error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER). The experimental analysis shows that proposed approach achieves improved performance when compared with existing techniques.     

基于5G+MEC的区块链规模化部署探索

梳理了区块链技术自概念诞生以来到应用部署落地的发展历程,分别从计算存储资源、互联互通、数据同步和监管等方面分析了目前区块链在规模化应用落地过程中面临的实际问题,并提出基于5G+MEC的区块链规模化部署方案,设计了纵向分层多级、横向动态分片的区块链规模化部署架构,分析了5G+MEC网络对解决区块链规模化部署中计算存储资源、实现互联互通、提高消息数据同步效率、改善监管能力等问题的技术优势。     

无人机辅助MEC系统：架构、关键技术与未来挑战

摘 要：随着5G加速部署和6G研究工作持续推进，无人机（unmanned aerial vehicle，UAV）辅助移动边缘计算（mobile edge computing，MEC）技术在克服复杂地域限制、解决终端设备计算需求和提高系统任务卸载速率等方面具有显著优势，得到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。首先阐明了无人机辅助MEC系统的概念和技术优势，提出了一种无人机辅助MEC通用架构，并给出了各个功能模块定义；接着总结了典型应用场景，梳理了现有的关键性技术，获得了无人机MEC系统的设计方法；最后对未来的研究方向和存在的挑战进行了展望和阐述。     

面向5G的PCC架构演进研究与实践

PCC是运营商构建可管可控智能化管道的重要手段,在4G网络向5G网络快速演进的背景下,PCC架构的演进与部署成为运营商在5G网络部署中需要重点考虑的问题之一.本文阐述了4G/5G PCC架构及其演进路径,并基于当前4G/5G混合组网的现状讨论了PCC架构演进部署方案,最后通过某运营商的PCC部署实践对当前4G/5G混合...     

一种5G室内覆盖解决方案

室内覆盖是5G网络部署中的重点和难点。通过分析5G大规模天线系统的技术特点以及对室内覆盖的性能提升,提出室外宏基站仍是室内浅层覆盖的重要解决手段,并根据外场测试结果对理论分析进行佐证。同时根据覆盖需求使用有源室分和小基站等手段,构建完整的室分解决方案。     

工业互联网信道特性与建模研究综述

工业互联网(Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT)是5G及后5G(beyond 5G, B5G)赋能工业制造的应用实例,也是“工业4.0”时代工业生产从制造走向智造的关键基础. IIoT场景的多样性与复杂性为该场景中通信系统的部署带来了挑战,准确刻画IIoT场景中的无线信道特性是该场景中通信系统设计和优化的前提.本文首先对IIoT场景特点进行了分析,其次根据现有文献调研总结了IIoT场景的信道特性,接着介绍了第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP)标准中IIoT场景的信道特性建模方法,最后对未来IIoT场景的信道研究进行了展望.     

Towards a Mobile Multimedia Age – Location-Based Services: A Case Study

Japan has been at the leading edge of location-based services (LBS) deployment using wireless assisted GPS technology. These services, which include personal security, navigation, gaming, security and fleet management, have experienced tremendous growth over the last few years. By looking at the factors contributing to this successful growth, LBS can be deployed in Europe with equal success. In addition to success factors, it is important to look at the underlying wireless network technology and its deployment impact, since Japanese deployments are based on synchronous 3G whereas Europe's likely deployments will be based on asynchronous UMTS. Recognizing the implication of both these items in accordance with SnapTrack's vision of UMTS LBS deployment affords a service provider a better opportunity to successfully introduce LBS and drive service revenue. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

5G无线网规划部署的关键问题研究

5G无线网规划部署时,需要对覆盖、容量、质量、成本进行综合考虑。本文基于对5G网络架构和部署方式的分析,围绕无线网站址、天面、覆盖、频率、容量和参数规划进行了深入研究,提出了5G无线网部署面临的问题及解决方案,以便为相关研究和决策提供参考。     

物联网发展现状及发展趋势分析

用户面功能(UPF)是5G互联网的关键特性之一,同时也是企业与网络、垂直行业等领域之间的重要纽带,为边缘侧行业的网络部署提供了新途径。文中针对5G核心网的部署展开了深入研究,从5G网络的SBA结构和业务分流方案、UPF网络结构与部署技术关键、5G核心网中的TOB UPF的部署策略、UPF部署案例等方面进行了分析,以期可以加快5G网络的发展速度,提高网络的服务能力。