水稻除草药肥防治水稻杂草田间药效试验

水稻除草药肥是根据水稻的需肥规律和杂草发生特点开发的一种新型复合型药肥。两年的田间试验结果表明,除草药肥35 kg/667m2用量(含除草剂有效成分26.0 g/667m2)对水稻田的禾本科、莎草、阔叶杂草均有良好的防除效果,对水稻秧苗无害,使用该产品的水稻产量与常规施肥相当,田间2个操作合二为一,降低生产成本,大大简化了水稻栽培技术,有着良好的应用前景。     

除草腐脲颗粒剂防除稻田杂草的效果及其推广应用

除草腐脲颗粒剂是一种新研制的稻田新型药肥除草剂,集除草肥田增产等特点,水稻移(抛)栽后3～5d,每667m2用除草腐脲颗粒剂15kg,对稻田杂草的防效可达90%以上,并对稻苗安全无药害,促水稻壮苗多分蘖,增产10%以上,明显优于常规除草剂,值得在水稻上推广应用。     

新型药肥黄尿素

新型药肥黄尿素浙江省农科院土壤肥料研究所研制成药肥黄尿素，它是由除草剂和尿素等采用一种特殊工艺复合制成。这种水稻大田专用药肥既能明显增强土壤肥力，又可除多种杂草，其防除杂草有效率平均达９５．３４Ｘ，比一般除草剂高］ＳＸ。使用黄尿素比采用喷药施肥的方法...     

具有泡腾特性的除草颗粒药肥工艺技术开发

研究解决目前除草剂局部浓度过高造成的药害及药剂利用率低等问题,提高颗粒药肥中除草剂的扩散速率,将泡腾技术与包裹造粒技术结合,以包裹物中的酸碱材料反应中释放的气体为泡腾推动力,开发具有泡腾释放特性的粒状包裹除草型药肥。优惠工艺条件下的测定结果为:颗粒状包裹除草型药肥崩解时间53.36s,仅为普通粒状除草型药肥的1/3,表明扩散速率大大增加,抗压强度50N/粒,包裹率93%以上,应用前景较好。     

除草型颗粒药肥合剂的研制

以农药除草剂苯噻酰·苄可湿性粉剂以及化学肥料尿素、氯化钾等为原料,采用包裹造粒技术制备除草型颗粒药肥合剂.探索了制备颗粒药肥合剂的工艺条件,筛选了制备颗粒药肥合适的矿物填料,测定了药肥合剂的物理性能,分析了药肥合剂中除草剂药分和肥料养分含量.结果表明:利用该工艺制备的除草型颗粒药肥合剂包裹率和强度高、在水中崩解速度快、肥料与农药成分之间无拮抗退化作用. 除草型颗粒药肥合剂的研制为多功能农用化学品的生产开辟了新的方向.     

国内药肥发展未可限量多品种初露锋芒

<正>药肥符合农业发展现状和农村劳动力稀缺的刚性需求,是未来农药发展方向,有着广阔的市场前景,以美国来说,已经申请的药肥就在200种。对中国农资企业来说,药肥是一片有无限希望的蓝海。药肥是指将肥料与农药相结合,并通过一定配料和制备工艺生产而成的复合、多功能性的新型肥料。其中农药可以是除草剂、杀虫剂或杀菌剂,化肥可以是单质肥料,也可以是多养分复合肥料,关于药肥的研     

0.1%苄·丙草颗粒剂防除移栽稻田杂草的效果及其推广应用

正关于将除草剂和化肥经科学复和特定工艺生产的药肥已有相关文献和成果专利报道,但选用营养全面,并能显著提高氮素利用率10个以上百分点的腐殖酸脲素、丙草胺和苄嘧磺隆为原料经科学复配生产而的药肥国内没有相关文献及成果专利报道。0.1%苄·丙草颗粒剂是通州市新华农药厂、通州区植保站联合开发研制的稻田新型除草剂,该项成果创造性地将腐脲与化学除草技术     

农药一化肥合剂的开发与研制

论述农药和化肥在农业生产中的重要作用及开发农药-化肥合剂的意义,提出以复混肥料为除草剂载体的药肥发展思路,分析药肥配伍的主要因素,给出了包裹型药肥的开发实例.     

农药—化肥合剂的开发与研制

论述农药和化肥在农业生产中的重要作用及开发农药－化肥合剂的意义，担子同以复混肥料为除草剂载体的药肥发展思路，分析药肥配伍的主要因素，给出了包裹型药肥的开发实例。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定药肥中吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺

以除草剂吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺为例,对液相色谱在药肥分析中的应用进行了研究。建立了同时测定药肥复配产品(药肥)中吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺的液相色谱分析方法。试样用甲醇溶解后,采用C18不锈钢色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),在流动相为V(甲醇)/V(水)(用磷酸调pH=3)=65∶35、紫外检测波长为241 nm的条件下,对产品中的吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺用液相色谱法进行了分离和定量。结果表明,吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺在6～100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数≥0.9998,变异系数分别为3.93%和2.82%,回收率均在98.29%～100.47%。该方法能够用于药肥复配产品中低含量除草剂吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺的同时测定。     

中国西北地区肥料使用和生产现状及问题

利用统计资料和农户调查资料综合分析了中国西北地区肥料使用和生产现状及问题。结果表明,西北地区虽然可耕地面积小,耕地质量差,仍是全国重要的农产品生产基地之一;各省(区)土地利用状况各具特色,可利用潜力较大;近年来西北地区肥料用量增长减缓,单质氮、磷肥基本稳定,钾肥和复合肥在增加;各省(区)施用肥料的结构以氮肥为主,复合肥次之,钾肥比例很低;单位种植面积施肥量低于全国水平;西北地区主要作物施肥量差别很大,其中蔬菜、棉花施肥量最多,小麦、玉米居中,豆类、薯类和油料类较少。多年来化肥生产量一直低于消费量,但氮肥发展为供大于求。综合分析认为,作物生产用肥量尚有进一步增长的可能性,需进一步研究草地用肥的可能性。应注意土地合理利用、施肥效果、施肥量和草地施肥等问题。     

Effects of soil fertility and fertilizer application on biomass and chemical compositions of leguminous cover crops

The biomass and chemical compositions of selected leguminous cover crops Aeschynomene histrix, Cajanus cajan, Centrosema brasilianum, Centrosema pascuorum, Chamaercrista rotundifolia, Crotalaria verrucosa, Lablab purpureus, Psophocarpus palustris, Pseudovigna argentea, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, and Stylosanthes hamata were studied in a pot experiment, using soil with two fertility levels. Biomass yield responded to soil fertility levels and fertilizer application. The highest response to soil fertility was observed with C. brasilianum (340%, 200% and 310% more shoots, roots and nodules in high fertility soil than low fertility soil without fertilizer application). The highest response to fertilizer application was with P. palustris (500% more shoots with fertilizer than without in high fertility soil), with C. rotundifolia (410% more roots with fertilizer than without in low fertility soil), and with L. purpureus (1330% more nodules with fertilizer than without on high fertility soil). Legumes grown without fertilizer application allocated more biomass to roots than those with fertilizer application. Chamaercrista rotundifolia, L. purpureus, P. argentea, M. pruriens and C. cajan showed higher N content in roots than in shoots. Soil fertility levels did not affect N content of shoot, while fertilizer application increased it by 30%. Except for C. cajan (only shrub species), all the herbaceous legumes had lower lignin content (6–10%) in the shoots. The mean lignin content in roots was above 20% with no fertilizer, and decreased with fertilizer application compared to the no fertilizer treatment. The polyphenol concentration in shoots was higher than in roots.     

新型含钾液体肥料对日光温室芹菜生长和硝酸盐含量的影响

本试验以芹菜为供试作物,采用田间试验的方法,研究了新型含钾液体肥料对日光温室芹菜生长和硝酸盐含量的影响。研究结果表明：1）叶面喷施新型舍钾液体肥料明显促进了芹菜的营养生长,产量高于对照和常规喷施磷酸二氢钾的处理,667m^2增加收入1899元;2）叶面喷施新型含钾液体肥料,叶柄和叶片硝酸盐含量分别比对照低46.3％和50．6％,食用更安全。     

粉煤灰多元素复混肥及增产效果

本文介绍了粉煤灰多元素复混肥的制造原理，生产工艺及使用效果。经大田小区试种水稻表明：粉煤灰多元素复混肥对作物植株性状的生长优势明显优于常规施肥法，也优于２５％低浓度三元复混肥；平均亩产达到４７４ｋｇ，比常规施肥法增产１９．１％，比２５％低浓度三元复混肥增产８．９％。     

长期定位连施化肥的增产培肥效应研究

河西走廊灌区质地中壤的灌漠土上,21年的长期定位试验表明：无有机肥条件下连年施用化肥比无肥处理增产粮食19．6％-300．5％,比有机肥增产16．2％～101．6％,对粮食增产贡献率平均达50％。连续平衡施用化肥,土壤有机质含量连续19年下降了24．9％～27．4％;土壤全N比初始年提高13．7％～46．1％,速效N含量呈稳中下降的动态：土壤全P含量比初始年提高4．4％～5．1％,速效P含量提高16．3％-19．1％;土壤K素库处于长期亏缺状态。速效K含量呈稳步降低的动态。化肥养分具有明显的间接培肥效应,在生物循环中以有机肥为载体下年输入土壤的N、P、K化肥养分分别占当年投入量的27．1％～31_3％、23．8％～27．0％和33．2％;化肥增产的秸秆有机c输入下年土壤的达567．3～626．7kg／hm。,证明有机肥中相当一部分养分来自化肥及其化肥的生产物。     

小麦拔节期追施磷钾肥产量效应研究

小麦拔节期追施磷、钾肥试验研究表明:把适量的磷、钾肥后移至拔节期追施,有利于提高小麦的产量和穗数,且有一定的经济效益。在土壤磷、钾供肥能力分别为86.1%、82.1%,施磷量120kg/hm2,施钾量90kg/hm2的条件下,其中27.3%磷肥追施、31.9%钾肥追施的产量最高,为6169.7kg/hm2,增产12.65%,增收1021.7元/hm2。     

复合肥减量施用对覆膜栽培水稻产量和养分的影响

采用大田试验研究水稻覆膜栽培条件下复合肥配施有机肥(榨菜叶)对水稻产量、养分吸收量和利用率的影响。结果表明:水稻覆膜栽培条件下减少复合肥施用量20%,较CK(淹水栽培)增产6.9%,在此基础上配施有机肥较CK提高水稻产量14.3%~19.0%,水稻氮、磷、钾养分利用率提高4.7~26.1百分点。在紫色土水稻产区覆膜栽培条件下复合肥减量20%及配施有机肥15~30 t/hm2是水稻节肥增产的有效途径。     

Residual N and P fertilizer effect and fertilizer recovery on intercropped and sole-cropped corn and bean in semiarid northeast Brazil

The effects of a single ¹⁵N and P fertilizer application (16 and 12 kg ha^–1) on intercropped and sole-cropped corn and beans was followed over three consecutive years. Grain (0.1–0.9 ton ha^–1 yr^–1) and straw productions (0.2–2.5 ton ha^–1 yr^–1) were limited by rainfall and showed small responses to fertilizer. In the first year, plant N uptake was more than twice the fertilizer amounts, while P uptake was less than half the fertilizer amounts. Plant N derived from fertilizer was low (9–19%). Sole corn took up more (34%) than beans (16%) and the combined intercrop (26%) and also had higher recovery of fertilizer in the soil than single beans (50% against 28%). The distribution of fertilizer N and P in the soil showed a similar pattern in all treatments, with a high concentration around the application spot and decreasing concentrations at greater distances and above and below this point. Total P increases in a soil volume 10 cm around the application spot corresponded to 60% of the amount applied. Fertilizer contributions to the second crop were < 3% of total plant N and represented <6% of the applied amount. Therefore, the residual fertilizer effect on production was attributable to P. The patterns of fertilizer N and P distribution in the soil remained similar but N recoveries decreased 14–18%. Despite low rainfall, low productivities and reasonable proportions of fertilizer N remaining in the soil, the residual effects of the applied fertilizer N were too low to justify a fertilizer recommendation based on economic returns on the investment.     

控释肥料基施及普通尿素不同基追比对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响

研究了控释尿素和控释BB肥一次性基施后的肥料效果,以及普通尿素不同基追比对玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响.研究结果表明:以33.3％普通尿素基施+33.3％大喇叭口期追施+33.3％抽雄期追施的处理最佳,产量最高达8 700 kg/hm2,氮肥利用率为34.3％.控释尿素基施处理和控释BB肥基施处理的氮肥利用率分别为41....     

长效复混肥的农田效应

长效玉米专用肥 (免追旺 )在吉林省 7个县 (市 )进行田间试验。结果表明 ,其 1kg养分增收玉米 4 1kg,养分回报率比常规一次性施肥提高 19.8% ,比多施 2 0 %的 15 15 15复混肥提高 2 3.1% ;分别增收 4 85元 / hm2和 2 6 8元 / hm2 。