HDDR各向异性NdFeB温压混炼过程

研究了在HDDR各向异性NdFeB粘结磁体温压成形过程中粘结剂和润滑剂的添加量以及二者同磁粉的混炼工艺对磁体磁性能及机械强度的影响。利用B－H回线仪和扫描电子显微镜对磁体的磁特性和显微组织结构进行了分析测试，同时测试了不同工艺条件下处理的磁体的机械强度。结果表明，粘结剂的适量添加能够保证磁体同时具有较好的磁性能和机械强度。润滑剂的加入既降低了磁粉之间的摩擦力，又减小了磁粉在压制过程中的损伤度，从而使粘结磁体获得良好的磁粉填充率、磁取向度和磁性能。而粘结剂和润滑剂与磁粉之间的混炼方式决定了磁体中粘结剂的结合效果，从而决定了磁体最终的机械强度。采用合理的混炼工艺，可以使粘结磁体同时获得最佳的磁性能和机械强度。     

温压工艺在粘结NdFeB磁体中的应用

采用温压工艺与普通压制工艺制备粘结磁体，发现温压技术可以有效地提高粘结磁体的密度，改善磁体磁性能，且温压效果与温压温度的选择密切相关。通过对温压机理的分析，发现最佳温压温度由粘结剂的软化点、粘度和固化点三个因素共同决定。采用温压工艺，在70℃、97．4NPa的条件下，得到的粘结NdFeB磁体密度、最大磁能积分为5．28kg／m^3,6．23NGOe。     

粘结剂对粘结钕铁硼/锶铁氧体复合磁体磁性能的影响

为获得磁性能适中的磁体,采用流动温压成型技术制备了各向同性粘结Nd Fe B/锶铁氧体复合磁体.利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了不同粘结剂对粘结Nd Fe B/锶铁氧体复合磁体磁性能的影响.研究表明:环氧值适中的酚醛环氧树脂制备的磁体具有较好的磁性能;当采用环氧值为0.480 mol/100 g酚醛环氧树脂BPANE8200H做粘结剂时,粘结Nd Fe B/锶铁氧体复合磁体获得了最佳的磁性能:Br=0.55 T,Hcj=620.6 k A/m,(BH)max=45.6 k J/m3.在保证磁体磁性能的前提下兼顾力学性能,粘结磁体流动温压成型温度参数的设置必须考虑粘结剂的软化点温度.     

温度及变形速率对单级热变形Nd-Fe-B磁体磁性能的影响

对经冷压处理的Nd-Fe-B磁粉直接进行热变形从而制得各向异性致密磁体,并研究了变形温度及变形速率对磁体密度、各向异性、磁性能及微观结构的影响.结果表明,当变形温度过低或变形速率过高时,单级热变形后磁体不易致密,且硬磁相晶粒的c轴取向度较低,因此磁体磁性能较低;而当变形温度过高或变形速率过低时,尽管磁体较为致密,磁体取向度也较高,但易出现晶粒异常长大,从而降低磁体磁性能.以适中的变形温度和变形速率热变形后,磁体具有最佳的磁性能.当变形温度为700℃及变形速率为0.1mm/s时,单级热变形磁体最大磁能积(BH)m达232kJ/m3.     

粘结NdFeB磁体的制备工艺

利用NdFeB 磁粉、聚酰亚胺制备了粘结NdFeB 磁体。研究了磁粉粒度、偶联剂用量、粘结剂用量、成型压力和粘结剂性能对粘结磁体磁性能及力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,合理的粒度配比(粗∶细为33∶67) 、偶联剂用量(磁粉0. 9 %) 、粘结剂用量(磁粉3. 2 %) 、合适的压力(600 MPa) 以及以聚酰亚胺作为粘结剂,可以获得具有较好磁性能和力学性能的粘结NdFeB 磁体。      

粘结NdFeB磁体用预混料的时效性能研究

粘结NdFeB预混料的时效性能是影响制备粘结磁体性能的关键因素.选取一种树脂粘结剂制备预混料,分析了预混料时效对粘结磁体磁性能及力学性能的影响,发现预混料中粘结剂在时效期部分交联固化对制备的粘结磁体磁性能影响较大,而对力学性能影响小,预混料的有效存储期限应由其粘结磁体磁性能降低程度判定.     

酚醛树脂粘结钕铁硼磁体温压制备技术研究

用温压成型工艺制备了酚醛树脂粘结钕铁硼磁体,通过对磁体密度、剩磁、矫顽力、磁能积和抗弯强度的分析,研究了耦联表面处理对磁粉抗氧化性能的影响及成型工艺对磁体性能的影响.结果表明:偶联处理可以明显提高磁粉的抗氧化能力;在压力为620MPa,温压温度为180℃且不进行二次固化条件下获得了性能最佳的磁体,其密度为6.12g/cm3,抗弯强度为59.25MPa,剩磁为0.6824T,内禀矫顽力为730kA/m,最大磁能积为78.2kJ/m3.     

粉末近净成形流变特性的研究现状

喂料的流变特性是粉末近净成形性能的关键所在,而喂料的粘度是其流变学最重要的特性.综述了粉末近净成形工艺(粉末挤压成形和注射成形)中喂料的流变特性和几种基本的流体流型,介绍了几种测定粘度的方法和原理,分析了喂料粘度(粘结剂组成)、粉末特性(颗粒尺寸、颗粒形状)和成形工艺条件(剪切速率、温度、压力)对喂料流变特性的影响规律,指出了流变学研究的意义及其应用前景.     

粘结纳米复相磁性材料制备及性能的研究

采用磁粉晶化和粘结工艺制备纳米复相磁材的方法，研究了热处理工艺和粘结剂含量对纳米晶磁体磁性能的影响，结果表明热处理温度、热处理时间、粘结剂含量明显的影响纳米晶的形成及其磁性能。热处理为700℃、粘结剂含量在2％～3％（质量分数）时，纳米复合磁体可以获得较好的磁性能。该研究方法工艺简单，成本较低，具有一定的实用价值。     

放电等离子烧结新型NdFeB永磁材料工艺研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了新型NdFeB磁体，研究了烧结工艺和热处理工艺对磁体的磁特性、尺寸精度及致密度的影响。同时利用B-H回线仪、扫描电子显微镜对其磁特性、显微组织结构进行了分析测试。结果表明，这种新型的烧结NdFeB磁体具有独特的显微组织结构，主相NdFe14B晶粒细小、尺寸均匀，富钕相弥散分布在主相边界上。获得最佳工艺条件下制备的磁体的磁特性为：最大磁能积(BHmax)240kJ／m^3，内禀矫顽力(Hci)1160kA／m，磁体的密度达到7．58g／cm^3，接近材料的理论密度，同时磁体的尺寸精度达到20μm。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.