NdFeB永磁体表面磁控溅射铝防护镀层性能研究

目的研究一种NdFeB永磁体表面腐蚀防护技术。方法采用磁控溅射技术,在烧结NdFeB永磁体表面沉积一层纯铝防护薄膜,然后对纯铝薄膜进行阿洛丁化学转化复合处理,表征膜层的表面和截面形貌,并研究结构及耐腐蚀性能。结果沉积的Al中间层和Al薄膜均结构致密,膜/基界面平整,膜层的自腐蚀电流密度为3.5×10-6A/cm2,说明纯Al薄膜能够对NdFeB永磁体提供有效的防护。阿洛丁化学转化可使铝薄膜表面更加致密,自腐蚀电流密度低至7.9×10-7A/cm2,进一步提高了纯铝薄膜的防护性能。结论 NdFeB永磁体表面磁控溅射镀铝是一种有效且环保的防护技术,可用于替代不环保的电镀防护。     

1050纯铝微弧氧化陶瓷层的生长动力学与腐蚀性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在1050纯铝表面制备陶瓷膜,分析了不同制备参数对应的电压与时间曲线.表征了陶瓷氧化膜的厚度、微观形貌,膜层结构和成分;评定了陶瓷氧化膜在NaCI溶液中耐腐蚀性能.随着电流密度的增大,陶瓷膜的厚度呈线性快速增加.微弧氧化后试样具有更高的腐蚀电位和更低的腐蚀电流密度,并且发现铝合金的维钝电流密度可以从0.1A/cm~2降低为10~-7A/cm~2,低的腐蚀电流密度可能是由于膜的厚度、致密度等决定.     

NdFeB基体ZrN涂层的耐腐蚀性能

采用离子镀技术在NdFeB基体上沉积ZrN、ZrN/Zr多层和TiN/Ti多层涂层,考察了其耐腐蚀性能,分析了腐蚀过程.采用静态全浸腐蚀试验(20 % NaCl, 20 ℃)测定其失重曲线,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析腐蚀前、后的涂层表面形貌变化及腐蚀过程,用CHI600B系列电化学分析仪测试极化电位.试验发现:未镀层NdFeB基体在4 h后明显失重,随时间延长失重速率增加.施加涂层基体10 h后失重,随时间失重速率增加,但小于未镀层试样.NdFeB基体的自腐蚀电位约﹣1.037 V,腐蚀电流1.69×10-3 A/cm2;施加涂层后自腐蚀电位向正向移动0.131V(TiN/Ti)～0.258 V(ZrN),腐蚀电流10-5～10-6 A/cm2;ZrN/Zr涂层由7层增加到14层后,腐蚀电位提高0.037 V,腐蚀电流降低.结果说明:离子镀沉积ZrN系列涂层显著提高NdFeB耐腐蚀性能.增加ZrN/Zr周期能够提高耐蚀性能.腐蚀源首先在涂层表面缺陷与基体结合部位形成.一旦形成腐蚀源,NaCl晶体即在基体上结晶并生长,随着此过程进行,涂层逐步腐蚀.     

镁合金黑色微弧氧化膜在NaCl溶液中腐蚀电化学演变

目的 评价镁合金黑色微弧氧化热控膜层在氯离子作用下的腐蚀演变行为.方法 在电解液中添加不同浓度的添加剂制备微弧氧化膜层,分析不同微弧氧化膜试样在0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中的电化学演变过程.采用电化学极化、电化学交流阻抗表征和拟合,结合扫描电镜等方法,对膜层演变规律及机理进行了探讨.结果 未经微弧氧化的镁合金自腐蚀电流密度为17.7 μA/cm2,自腐蚀电位为-1.464 V;经微弧氧化后,试样自腐蚀电流密度减小至0.09 μA/cm2,自腐蚀电位下降至-1.628 V.添加剂加入后制备的微弧氧化膜相比于镁合金基体,其耐蚀性能提高,且随着添加剂浓度的增加,耐蚀效果呈现先增加、后减弱的趋势,添加剂质量浓度在10 g/L时制备的膜层具有最好的防腐效果.镁合金微弧氧化热控膜层在NaCl溶液中腐蚀过程分为三个阶段:一是腐蚀性离子进入多孔膜层,引起界面熔融层变化;二是MgO与水分子反应造成内层膜更加致密,阻抗有所增加;三是腐蚀溶液接触到部分镁合金基底,发生电化学腐蚀,形成楔形效应,引发裂纹,最终导致局部腐蚀失效.结论 微弧氧化提高了膜层的耐蚀性能,其在0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀过程可分为介质进入孔内、水合反应和局部腐蚀三个阶段.     

基于磁过滤技术制备亚微米级TiAlN/TiAlCN/TiAlC复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能

海洋环境中长期服役的船舶、舰载机关键部件存在严重的腐蚀问题。为提高其耐腐蚀性能,采用磁过滤真空弧（FCVA）技术制备不同Al/Ti含量比的亚微米级Ti （Al） N/Ti （Al） CN/Ti （Al） C多元复合多层膜（以下简称TANC）。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电化学工作站和盐雾试验机等表征薄膜的形貌、结构和腐蚀性能。结果表明：在盐雾试验中腐蚀形态主要以点蚀为主,随着膜层中Al/Ti含量比的增大,耐腐蚀性提高;电化学腐蚀试验中,亚微米级膜层的自腐蚀电流密度可达到10^-7 A/cm²数量级,且随着膜层Al/Ti含量比的增大,腐蚀电流密度从7.73×10^-7减小到3.83×10^-7 A/cm²,低频区阻抗值从1.19×10⁵增大到4.70×10⁵ Ω·cm²,较基底提高了2个数量级,耐腐蚀性能不断提高;盐雾腐蚀和电化学腐蚀结果一致,高Al含量的TANC耐腐蚀性能最优。通过FCVA技术能实现亚微米级TANC涂层的强防腐效果,该涂层具有发展成为关键部件耐海洋腐蚀涂层的潜力。     

纯Ti在600℃ NaCl盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为

在600℃NaCl盐雾环境中对纯Ti和Ti60合金进行腐蚀试验,通过扫描电镜,X射线衍射仪和电子探针等分析技术,从氧化动力学、氧化膜相组成和微观结构方面,研究了纯Ti在试验环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：在600℃NaCl盐雾环境中腐蚀100 h后,纯Ti的腐蚀速率远高于Ti60合金。NaCl的加入使纯Ti表面氧化膜形成孔隙和裂纹,增加TiCl₄的挥发和Ti的向外扩散,形成新的反应表面,开始新的生长周期,从而形成重复的多层氧化膜。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面离子铌合金化及其耐磨性能研究

采用双辉离子渗技术对Ti6Al4V钛合金表面渗Nb,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、磨损试验机、电化学测试系统研究钛合金表面离子渗Nb合金化层的形态、结构、力学性能、摩擦学性能和电化学腐蚀性能,并探讨渗Nb改性处理对钛合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀磨损行为的影响.结果表明,渗Nb工艺参数对合金化层的形态、结构和性能影响显著,高浓度渗Nb合金化改性层表现出良好的强化效果,显著地改善了Ti6Al4V合金的抗大气环境和抗NaCl溶液腐蚀磨损性能.Ti6Al4V合金基材和渗Nb层的耐磨性能在NaCl溶液中优于大气环境,其原因归于溶液的润滑作用和试样的良好耐腐蚀性能.     

建筑用X80管线钢的腐蚀行为研究

采用浸泡腐蚀法、失重法和电化学法测试了不含Ce和含Ce的X80管线钢在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并分析了造成腐蚀性能差异的作用机理。结果表明,含Ce和不含Ce的X80管线钢在NaCl溶液中浸泡45天后的表面都被红棕色的腐蚀产物所覆盖,添加Ce的B试样的表面形貌中的点腐蚀坑数量相对A试样更少,且表面点腐蚀坑更浅;添加Ce的B试样的腐蚀速率都要低于不含Ce的A试样;在X80管线钢中添加Ce后,试样的腐蚀电位发生了正向移动,且腐蚀电流密度相对更小,添加Ce的B试样的耐腐蚀性能要优于不含Ce的A试样。     

电子束蒸发制备高熵合金涂层AlxFeCoCrNiCu(x = 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0)的微观结构和耐腐蚀性能研究

实验采用电子束蒸发法在钢基体表面制备高熵合金涂层,探究不同Al 元素对微观结构、表面形貌和电化学性能的影响。涂层表面的X射线、电子探针和原子力显微镜实验结果表明,不同成分的合金涂层均呈典型的树枝晶结构,组织中仍保持原有的化学组成。涂层表面平整分布均匀,膜层致密。在0.5 mol/L H2SO4 溶液和 1 mol/L NaCl 溶液中,高熵合金的宽钝化区大于700mV,具有较大的腐蚀电势-129mV和较小的腐蚀电流密度约2.2×10-6 A/cm2,Al0.5FeCoCrNiCu 涂层的耐蚀性最佳。     

TiAlN单层和TiAlN/CrN多层涂层的微结构与耐腐蚀性能研究

本文采用多弧离子镀技术制备了TiAlN单层和TiAlN/CrN多层涂层,通过扫描电子显微分析、X射线衍射、电化学腐蚀测试以及浸泡腐蚀试验等方法研究其微观结构和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：相比于TiAlN单层涂层,TiAlN/CrN多层涂层具有相同的NaCl型面心立方结构,其表面大颗粒及孔洞等缺陷明显减少、结构更为致密、晶粒细化。另外,TiAlN/CrN多层涂层的开路电位趋稳时间短且稳态值更高;其自腐蚀电流密度由TiAlN单层涂层的1.213×10^-7A·cm^-2降为4.366×10^-9A·cm^-2,极化电阻则由320 kΩ·cm^-2升高至10 169 kΩ·cm^-2,阻抗模值也相应提升了5倍左右。在10%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中浸泡360 h后,TiAlN/CrN多层涂层的表面腐蚀痕迹并不明显,且其腐蚀前后的质量变化明显低于TiAlN单层涂层和TC4钛合金基体,表明其具有更加优异的耐腐蚀性能。CrN插入层的本征良好耐腐蚀性能、显著减少的表面缺陷和孔隙率是TiA...     

Corrosion behavior of Ti‐xNb‐13Zr alloys in Ringer's solution

Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy has been widely used in restorative surgery due to its high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, some studies showed that V and Al release in the organism might induce cytotoxic effects and neurological disorders, which led to the development of V‐free alloys and both V‐ and Al‐free alloys containing Nb, Zr, Ta, or Mo. Among these alloys, Ti‐13Nb‐13Zr alloy is promising due to its better biomechanical compatibility than Ti‐6Al‐4V. In this work, the corrosion behavior of Ti, Ti‐6Al‐4V, and Ti‐xNb‐13Zr alloys (x = 5, 13, and 20) was evaluated in Ringer's solution (pH 7.5) at 37 °C through open‐circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Spontaneous passivity was observed for all materials in this medium. Low corrosion current densities (in the order of 10^?7 A/cm²) and high impedance values (in the order of 10⁵ Ωcm² at low frequencies) indicated their high corrosion resistance. EIS results showed that the passivating films were constituted of an outer porous layer (very low resistance) and an inner compact layer (high resistance), the latter providing the corrosion resistance of the materials. There was evidence that the Ti‐xNb‐13Zr alloys were more corrosion resistant than both Ti and Ti‐6Al‐4V in Ringer's solution.     

电弧离子镀方法制备的Ti/TiN多层膜的结构与耐腐蚀性能

采用电弧离子镀技术,通过周期性变换环境气氛,在7075Al合金上制备了Ti/TiN多层膜,并研究调制周期对多层膜的结构组成和腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:多层膜与铝合金衬底界面结合较好,基本没有孔洞等缺陷。多层膜具有明显的层状特征,层间界面清晰。多层膜中TiN与单层中TiN薄膜有着相同的晶体结构,并存在(111)择优取向,每个调制周期内的TiN层都呈柱状生长。随着调制周期变小,多层膜阳极极化曲线的腐蚀电位增加,交流阻抗谱的阻抗值增大,容抗弧的半径也增大,即膜层的耐腐蚀性增加。多层膜调制周期的减小使得薄膜中含有的层界面增多,而贯穿至衬底表面的针孔等缺陷的数量将减少,这样,腐蚀性介质经过针孔等缺陷与衬底接触的机会变少,这将使薄膜的抗腐蚀能力得到改善。     

A dense and compact laser cladding layer with solid metallurgical bonding significantly improved corrosion resistance of Mg alloy for engineering applications

Although Mg alloy attracts great attention for engineering applications because of high specific strength and low density, low corrosion resistance limits its extensive use. In this study, Mg–Al–Zn–Mn alloy was treated via a laser cladding process to generate a dense and compact laser cladding layer with solid metallurgical bonding on the substrate for improving corrosion resistance, effectively hindering the corrosion pervasion into Mg alloy. The corrosion current density declined from 103 μA/cm² for Mg alloy to 13 μA/cm² for the laser cladding layer in NaCl aqueous solution. Moreover, the laser cladding layer was slightly corroded in comparison with Mg alloy in NaCl aqueous solution. Besides, the microhardness of the cladding layer reached a mean value of 170.5 HV, 3.1 times of Mg alloy (56.8 HV) due to the in situ formation of hardening intermetallic phases. Wear resistance of laser cladding layer was also obviously improved. These results demonstrated that the laser cladding layer obviously enhanced anticorrosion property of Mg alloy for engineering applications.     

Improving wear resistance and corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy by DLC/AlN/Al coating

A novel protective coating, consisting of three layers (top: diamond-like carbon, middle: aluminum nitride, bottom: aluminum), was deposited on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy layer by layer. Nano-indenter, electrochemical system and tribological tester were performed to investigate the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coated AZ31 magnesium alloy, respectively. The DLC/AlN/Al coating improved the magnesium alloy's surface hardness and reduced its friction coefficient, which consequently induced a great improvement of the magnesium alloy's wear resistance. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 magnesium alloy with the DLC/AlN/Al coating was also enhanced with the corrosion current density decreasing from 2.25 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm² to 1.28 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm² in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.     

The effect of absorbed hydrogen on the corrosion behavior of sintered NdFeB magnet

The absorption of hydrogen by NdFeB magnet has been investigated by using the electrochemical charging technique at constant cathodic current density I_c ranging from 0 to 4 mA/cm². Open circuit potential measurements (OCP) and polarization curves were carried out to study the corrosion behavior of the charged NdFeB magnet in 0.01 mol/L NaCl solution. The results showed that hydrogen had a strong influence on the corrosion of NdFeB magnet. The open circuit potential became gradually negative due to the hydrogen incorporation into the NdFeB magnet. The corrosion resistance was reduced gradually with the increasing cathodic current density I_c. The surface structure and the morphology of the charged NdFeB magnet were examined by XRD and SEM. The results revealed that the effect of the absorbed hydrogen focused mostly on accelerating the exfoliation corrosion of Nd₂Fe₁₄B matrix grain.     

粉末冶金法制备Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo与 多孔Ti6Al4V双层生物医用材料的设计与表征

制备Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo与多孔Ti6Al4V生物医用双层复合材料.采用传统粉末冶金技术,以半固态烧结为固结步骤,制备具有致密Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo表层和多孔Ti6Al4V底层的双层样品,以更好地模拟天然骨.采用膨胀法研究双层试样的致密化行为,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和显微计算机断层成像(CMT)观察...     

Electrochemical characteristics of titanium based biomaterials in artificial saliva

In the last decade, new titanium alloys have been developed in different areas of dentistry, such as Ti6Al7Nb, Ti6Al2Nb1Ta1Nb, and Ti5Al2.5Fe. The aim of this study was to compare the Ti6Al7Nb, Ti6Al2Nb1Ta1Nb, Ti5Al2.5Fe, and Ti6Al4V alloys with the commercial titanium, regarding the corrosion resistance in artificial saliva. In the electrochemical estimations the polarization data are converted into instantaneous corrosion rate values (I_corr). The passivation properties were comparable for the four alloys. The EIS spectra are best fitted using an equivalent circuit (EC), which corresponds to the model of a two‐layer structure for the passive film. High impedance values (in the order of 10⁶ Ω cm²) were obtained from medium to low frequencies for all materials suggesting high corrosion resistance in artificial saliva. The electrochemical and corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V is not affected on substituting vanadium with niobium, iron, molybdenum, and tantalum.     

Electrochemical behavior of the Ti6Al4V alloy implanted by nitrogen PIII

Plasma surface treatments have been used very often to enhance the surface properties of metallic materials. In this work, Ti6Al4V titanium alloy was treated by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (NPIII) in order to obtain improvements in its surface properties, such as corrosion resistance evaluated here. The microstructure and corrosion behavior of the implanted and unimplanted samples were evaluated, using, XRD, GDOES and potentiodynamic polarization and impedance electrochemical spectroscopy tests in 0.6 M NaCl solution. It was verified that the NPIII created resistant layers to corrosive attacks. In corrosion tests by polarization, the implanted samples showed corrosion current density reduction of about 10 times compared to the Ti6Al4V alloy without treatment. Besides that, it was also observed a reduction of the passive current density of one order of the magnitude. In all the studied cases, the polarization curves were shifted to more positive values of potentials, indicating a lower tendency of these PIII treated surfaces to corrosion. The implantation process produced a thin TiN surface layer followed by Ti₂N and then a layer with nitrogen in solid solution, all detected by GDOES combined with X-ray diffraction. These layers promoted an excellent polarization resistance of the Ti6Al4V surfaces on impedance spectroscopy tests also. This better performance in these tests can be correlated with the formation of continuous nitride layer, which could retard chloride ions ingress into the substrate.     

Cold-Sprayed Al Coating for Corrosion Protection of Sintered NdFeB

A protective Al coating was achieved on the sintered NdFeB magnet by cold spray. The sprayed Al particles generate plastic deformation and hang together. The thickness of the coating is about 170 μm. The corrosion currents of Al coating and NdFeB without immersion tested by potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions are 1.350 × 10^?6 and 4.361 × 10^?6 A/cm², respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry results confirm that the oxide film is Al₂O₃ and the corrosion process can be derived into two different stages. The Al coating can provide long-term protection for NdFeB effectively.