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1.
用[火用]分析法对热泵供热循环进行了分析,评价了热泵系统的能质利用和损失状况,指出在环境温度、压缩机效率和两器(蒸发器和冷凝器)换热温差一定时,热泵循环存在一个可使循环[火用]效率达到最大的冷凝温度,可在实际中加以利用。 相似文献
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对压缩式热泵系统(火用)效率的定义式进行了分析,指出了该定义式在实际应用过程中存在的一些不足.即当低温热源为环境时,此定义式合理,否则即使热泵系统内部可逆,系统火用效率仍不为1,文中对产生这一问题的原因进行了分析.以热泵系统的火用平衡方程为依据,参照火用效率定义方法及火用效率的基本特征,对压缩式热泵的系统(火用)效率进行了重新定义.通过对两个不违背火用效率定义特征的表达式的对比分析,确定了热泵系统合理的(火用)效率表达式.最后说明,在压缩式制冷系统中当高温热源不为环境时,(火用)效率定义也存在同样缺陷,改进方法与本文类似. 相似文献
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针对热源塔换热能力及热源塔联立热泵主机制热情况分别进行试验研究,并与风冷热泵的制热变化性能进行比较分析。结果表明,控制热源塔进口气液温差恒定的情况下,塔从空气中吸收的热量随环境温度的降低而增加,溶液中溶质的挥发对热源塔吸热量有重要影响;热源塔进口气液温差随环境自然变化的情况下,环境温度与蒸发温度的温差随环境温度的降低而减小,热源塔从空气中吸收的热量也随之减少。在低温工况下,虽然空气含湿量较少,但热源塔热泵系统相比于其他空气作为热源的热泵系统,在潜热换热方面有较大优势。 相似文献
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为了研究复叠式高温热泵系统各部件火用损分布特性及其产生的原因以指明系统优化方向,通过搭建实验台,实现了90 ℃的大温差升温(30~120 ℃)。基于实验数据,分别采用常规火用分析和先进〖HT5”,7〗火用分析(advanced exergy analysis)方法对复叠式热泵系统进行分析。结果显示:高温压缩机和低温压缩机的火用损失最大,系统的内源火用损失占总火用损失的93.73%,可避免火用损失占总火用损失的70.79%,表明火用损失主要来自于部件本身,且部件的改进潜力很大;高温压缩机、低温压缩机和高温冷凝器的内源可避免火用损失最大,在系统优化时应当优先考虑这些部件,可减少系统51.04%的火用损失。 相似文献
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根据热力学第二定律,对一种新型低温热源喷射式发电制冷复合系统进行了(火用)分析,并以R600a作为工质对系统进行了仿真计算.结果表明:在热源入口温度为420 K、热源热水流量为0.2kg/s、热源蒸发温度为370 K的标准工况下,系统净发电量为2.74 kW,系统制冷量为11.99 kw,系统的(火用)效率达到25.83%,系统能量利用率为45.34%;系统(火用)损失主要发生在蒸汽发生器和喷射器中.在热源蒸发温度提高过程中,系统内部工质流量发生改变,导致系统净发电量和(火用)效率小幅下降,制冷量和能量利用率先增后降.当热源蒸发温度为370 K时,系统能量利用率达到最大值. 相似文献
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本文以热力学第二定律为基础,用“(火用)”参数对热泵系统的四种工质R-12、R-22、R-113和NH_(?)进行了计算分析,作出曲线和(火用)流图,对热泵系统从质的方面作出评价,指出了改进的方向。同时,与以太阳能热水为热源的太阳能热泵系统的(火用)效率进行比较。 相似文献
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构建了含电气体发电的ORC系统并对比于传统的汽轮机-发电机的发电方式,以发电功率和火用效率作为目标函数,基于热力学和电学理论,计算分析了亚临界状态下7种不同工质相应目标。研究表明,蒸发温度升高,系统发电功率增加。相同条件下,R134a有较大的输出电功率;热源进口温度一定,窄点温差越小,系统火用效率越大;同一窄点温差,热源进口温度不高于临界温度约2倍的窄点温差时,火用效率存在最大值;反之,火用效率则随蒸发温度单调递增。本研究将为ORC新型发电技术在工质选择和性能优化方面提供理论指导。 相似文献
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《Applied Thermal Engineering》2007,27(11-12):1771-1778
Ammonia absorption chiller systems of a single-stage cycle and a Generator Absorber heat exchanger cycle (GAX) were simulated and studied. At heat source temperatures of TH = 120 °C, TM = 25 °C and TL = 5 °C, the coefficient of performances of the two cycles are 0.589 and 0.776, the GAX cycle is higher 31.8% than the single-stage cycle. And the exergy efficiencies of the two cycles are 15.4% and 27.4%, the GAX cycle is higher up to 77.9%. This paper proposes a new method that adopts the energy quality factor α as a evaluation criterion and also uses the α–h diagram as a thermodynamic analysis tool graphically, and a concept that divides absorption cycle to a heat pump subcycle and a heat engine subcycle. By means of the α–h diagram, the thermodynamic frameworks of the two cycles were illustrated. The comparison analysis indicates that the improvement of cycle performance depends on its thermodynamic perfectibility. In fact, the exergy demand of heat pump subcycle in the GAX cycle is as the same as that of the single-stage cycle, however, the energy cascading use and the exergy coupling framework of the heat engine subcycle in GAX cycle is retrofitted, so that the exergy consumption is reduced and the increased benefit is obtained from the overall cycle. 相似文献
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A thermodynamic theory of exergy analysis for a stationary flow system having several heat inputs and outputs at different temperature levels is presented. As a new result a relevant reference temperature of the surroundings is derived for each case. Also a general formula which combines exergy analysis with a modified Carnot efficiency is derived. The results are illustrated by numerical examples for mechanical multi-circuit heat pump cycles, for a Brayton process and for an absorption heat pump. 相似文献
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《Applied Thermal Engineering》2000,20(7):619-630
The thermodynamic processes in the absorption refrigeration system releases a large amount of heat to the environment. This heat is evolved at temperatures considerably above the ambient temperature, which results in a major irreversible loss in the system components. In this paper an exergy analysis is carried out on a single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle with lithium-bromide–water as the working fluid pair. Numerical results for the cycle are tabulated. A design procedure has been applied to a lithium-bromide absorption cycle and an optimisation procedure that consists of determining the enthalpy, entropy, temperature, mass flow rate, heat rate in each component, and coefficient of performance has been performed. 相似文献
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In this study, the first and the second law of thermodynamics are used to analyze the performance of a single-stage water-lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system (ARS) when some working parameters are varied. A mathematical model based on the exergy method is introduced to evaluate the system performance, exergy loss of each component and total exergy loss of all the system components. Parameters connected with performance of the cycle–circulation ratio (CR), coefficient of performance (COP), Carnot coefficient of performance (COPc), exergetic efficiency (ξ) and efficiency ratio (τ)–are calculated from the thermodynamic properties of the working fluids at various operating conditions. Using the developed model, the effect of main system temperatures on the performance parameters of the system, irreversibilities in the thermal process and non-dimensional exergy loss of each component are analyzed in detail. The results show that the performance of the ARS increases with increasing generator and evaporator temperatures, but decreases with increasing condenser and absorber temperatures. Exergy losses in the expansion valves, pump and heat exchangers, especially refrigerant heat exchanger, are small compared to other components. The highest exergy loss occurs in the generator regardless of operating conditions, which therefore makes the generator the most important component of the cycle. 相似文献
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The study examines a novel system that combined a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for cooling, heating and power production (trigeneration) through exergy analysis. The system consists of an SOFC, an ORC, a heat exchanger and a single-effect absorption chiller. The system is modeled to produce a net electricity of around 500 kW. The study reveals that there is 3-25% gain on exergy efficiency when trigeneration is used compared with the power cycle only. Also, the study shows that as the current density of the SOFC increases, the exergy efficiencies of power cycle, cooling cogeneration, heating cogeneration and trigeneration decreases. In addition, it was shown that the effect of changing the turbine inlet pressure and ORC pump inlet temperature are insignificant on the exergy efficiencies of the power cycle, cooling cogeneration, heating cogeneration and trigeneration. Also, the study reveals that the significant sources of exergy destruction are the ORC evaporator, air heat exchanger at the SOFC inlet and heating process heat exchanger. 相似文献
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In this paper, exergy method is applied to analyze the gas turbine cycle cogeneration with inlet air cooling and evaporative aftercooling of the compressor discharge. The exergy destruction rate in each component of cogeneration is evaluated in detail. The effects of some main parameters on the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of the cycle are investigated. The most significant exergy destruction rates in the cycle are in combustion chamber, heat recovery steam generator and regenerative heat exchanger. The overall pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature have significant effect on exergy destruction in most of the components of cogeneration. The results obtained from the analysis show that inlet air cooling along with evaporative aftercooling has an obvious increase in the energy and exergy efficiency compared to the basic gas turbine cycle cogeneration. It is further shown that the first-law efficiency, power to heat ratio and exergy efficiency of the cogeneration cycle significantly vary with the change in overall pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature but the change in process heat pressure shows small variation in these parameters. 相似文献
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In this paper, a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system driven by solar‐owered CO2 Rankine cycle is proposed for simultaneous heating and cooling applications. Based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, a theoretical analysis on the performance characteristic is carried out for this solar‐powered heat pump cycle using CO2 as working fluid. Further, the effects of the governing parameters on the performance such as coefficient of performance (COP) and the system exergy destruction rate are investigated numerically. With the simulation results, it is found that, the cooling COP for the transcritical CO2 heat pump syatem is somewhat above 0.3 and the heating COP is above 0.9. It is also concluded that, the performance of the combined transcritical CO2 heat pump system can be significantly improved based on the optimized governing parameters, such as solar radiation, solar collector efficient area, the heat transfer area and the inlet water temperature of heat exchange components, and the CO2 flow rate of two sub‐cycles. Where, the cooling capacity, heating capacity, and exergy destruction rate are found to increase with solar radiation, but the COPs of combined system are decreased with it. Furthermore, in terms of improvement in COPs and reduction in system exergy destruction at the same time, it is more effective to employ a large heat transfer area of heat exchange components in the combined heat pump system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《Energy》2005,30(2-4):111-117
When we consider exergy analysis on combustion and thermodynamic processes, we introduce another concept against energy analysis, which is supported by an evaluation of its temperature level. When a higher temperature energy than that an ambient level is taken into consideration, it can be put for some domestic or industrial purpose. A medium temperature energy of 30–60 °C is used for domestic heating, and a high temperature of 200 °C and above is suitable for power generation or process heating. Therefore, we study exergy concept supported by temperature level. When we discuss power generation, a high temperature energy of 1500 °C and above in combined cycle has a higher conversion efficiency than that of 500–600 °C in steam cycle. If we try to apply high temperature air combustion, a preheated air temperature of 1000 °C and above can be produced by exhaust heat recovery from stack gas, which has been developed as a new technology of energy conservation. In this study, the authors present an exergy analysis on combustion and energy conversion processes, which is based on the above-mentioned concept of exergy and energy supported by temperature level. When we discuss high temperature air combustion in furnace, this process shows a higher performance than that of the ambient air combustion. Furthermore, when we discuss the power generation and heat pump processes, the minimum ambient temperature would already be known for each season, and the conversion performance can be estimated by the maximum operating temperature in their cycles. So, the authors attempt to calculate the exergy and energy values for combustion, power generation and heat pump processes. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(34):18732-18743
In this study, a new solar power assisted multigeneration system designed and thermodynamically analyzed. In this system, it is designed to perform heating, cooling, drying, hydrogen and power generation with a single energy input. The proposed study consists of seven sub-parts which are namely parabolic dish solar collector, Rankine cycle, organic Rankine cycle, PEM-electrolyzer, double effect absorption cooling, dryer and heat pump. The effects of varying reference temperature, solar irradiation, input and output pressure of high-pressure turbine and pinch point temperature heat recovery steam generator are investigated on the energetic and exergetic performance of integration system. Thermodynamic analysis result outputs show that the energy and exergy performance of overall study are computed as 48.19% and 43.57%, respectively. Moreover, the highest rate of irreversibility has the parabolic dish collector with 24,750 kW, while the lowest rate of irreversibility is calculated as 5745 kW in dryer. In addition, the main contribution of this study is that the solar-assisted multi-generation systems have good potential in terms of energy and exergy efficiency. 相似文献