窄带干扰对多载波系统定时同步影响的分析

 S&;C算法是基于数据辅助的常用定时同步算法,该算法仅需要一个训练符号,既可用于定时恢复,也可用于载波频率捕获,额外开销小,广泛应用于多载波通信系统中.一般来说,定时估计的性能会受到干扰(如窄带干扰)的影响.分析了窄带干扰信号对多载波系统定时同步的影响,重点分析了窄带干扰情况下S&;C定时估计器的性能、训练数据的漏警概率和虚警概率.     

电力线通信中OFDM同步改进算法研究

正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)是一种能够有效对抗电力线通信中的频率选择性衰落、多径和窄带干扰的技术,而OFDM技术对同步偏差十分敏感,微小的同步偏差也会影响OFDM系统的性能.针对电力线通信中OFDM系统的同步问题,给出一种基于恒包络零自相关(CAZAC)序列的时频同步的方法.MATLAB仿真表明,所提算法在减少运算量的基础上能很好地完成符号同步和频偏同步,明显改善电力线中OFDM的同步性能.     

SER performance evaluation and optimization of OFDM system with residual frequency and timing offsets from imperfect synchronization

This paper deals with the effects of residual timing and frequency offsets on the symbol error rate (SER) performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The synchronization of an OFDM system generally consists of a coarse frequency and timing acquisition stage and a refine stage. Due to the presence of Gaussian noise, channel distortions and implementation losses of synchronization and equalization algorithms, residual frequency and timing offsets always exist for an OFDM receiver. The residual frequency and timing offsets are proven to be Gaussian distributed, with their corresponding variances determined. The reception process of an OFDM signal with frequency and timing offsets is analyzed. A closed-form analytical result on the SER of an OFDM system with residual synchronization errors is derived. Computer simulations and analyses show that the frequency and timing offsets affect the OFDM subcarriers differently. With this observation, a new technique is proposed to minimize the SER of the OFDM systems by adjusting the distribution of transmission power among the subcarriers.     

一种改进的基于训练序列的OFDM符号同步算法

同步对于OFDM(正交频分复用)系统非常重要。针对S&C算法和Park算法定时模糊的问题,提出一种改进的符号同步算法。该算法先通过接收信号与训练序列进行互相关确定OFDM符号的可能起始位置,然后再滤波进一步确定OFDM符号准确的起始位置。仿真结果表明:改进算法的定时度量在低信噪比和多径衰落信道环境下都具有脉冲型峰值,较传统方法有较小的均方误差。     

A rank-reduced LMMSE canceller for narrowband interference suppression in OFDM-based systems

We present a narrowband interference (NBI) canceller that suppresses spectral leakage in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based system caused by a narrowband (NB) signal. We assume that the spectrum of the NB signal is within the spectrum of the OFDM signal. This can be the case, e.g., on digital subscriber lines (DSL) and in new unlicensed frequency bands for radio transmission. The canceller makes linear minimum mean-square error estimates of the spectral leakage by measuring the NBI on a few modulated or unmodulated OFDM subcarriers. It uses a model of the NB signal's power spectral density as a priori information. Using a frequency invariant design, it is possible to cancel NBI from signals that are changing their frequency location with significantly reduced complexity overhead. The operational complexity of the canceller can be lowered by using the theory of optimal rank reduction and using the time-bandwidth product of the NB signal. Analytical performance evaluations, as well as Monte Carlo simulations, show that, without perfect a priori information, this canceller can suppress the spectral leakage from a strong NB signal (e.g., with equal power as the OFDM signal) to well below the background noise floor for typical applications where it causes negligible signal-to-noise ratio and symbol error rate degradation.     

Timing recovery for OFDM transmission

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an effective modulation technique for high-rate and high-speed transmission over frequency selective fading channels. However, OFDM systems can be extremely sensitive and vulnerable to synchronization errors. In this paper, we present a scheme for performing timing recovery that includes symbol synchronization and sampling clock synchronization in OFDM systems. The scheme is based on pilot subcarriers. In the scheme, we use a path time delay estimation method to improve the accuracy of the correlation-based symbol synchronization methods, and use a delay-locked loop (DLL) to do the sampling clock synchronization. It is shown that by using this scheme, the mean square values of the symbol timing estimation error can be decreased by several orders of magnitude compared to the common correlation methods in both the AWGN and multipath fading channels. In addition, the scheme can track the symbol timing drift caused by the sampling clock frequency offsets     

Blind estimation of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset inwireless OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are highly sensitive to synchronization errors. We introduce an algorithm for the blind estimation of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset in wireless OFDM systems. The proposed estimator is an extension of the Gini-Giannakis (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.46, p.400-411, 1998) estimator for single-carrier systems. It exploits the cyclostationarity of OFDM signals and relies on second-order statistics only. Our method can be applied to pulse shaping OFDM systems with arbitrary time-frequency guard regions, OFDM based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation, and biorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems. We furthermore propose the use of different subcarrier transmit powers (subcarrier weighting) and periodic transmitter precoding to achieve a carrier frequency acquisition range of the entire bandwidth of the OFDM signal, and a symbol timing acquisition range of arbitrary length. Finally, we provide simulation results demonstrating the performance of the new estimator     

OFDM系统中同步问题的研究

OFDM系统的实现还存在着一些方面问题,如：同步问题尤其是频偏,峰值功率与平均功率比值过高,器件的非线性化等。OFDM系统对同步偏差敏感是本文讨论的重点,尤其是频偏。因此怎样获得准确的符号定时和载波频偏估计对OFDM系统性能至关重要。本文围绕OFDM同步过程中的符号定时和载波频率偏差问题进行描述,在分别介绍同步过程中捕获和跟踪两个阶段各自一些典型算法基础上,对一种基于保护间隔／循环前缀（PI／CP）的联合实现符号定时和载波同步最大似然估计（MLE）算法进行叙述并仿真。     

An EM-based frequency offset estimator for OFDM systems with unknown interference

We consider an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system and address the problem of carrier frequency estimation in the presence of narrowband interference (NBI) with unknown power. This scenario is encountered in emerging spectrum sharing systems, where coexistence of different wireless services over the same frequency band may result into a remarkable co-channel interference, and also in digital subscriber line transmissions as a consequence of the cross-talk phenomenon. A possible solution for frequency recovery in OFDM systems plagued by NBI has recently been derived using the maximum-likelihood criterion. Such scheme exhibits good accuracy, but involves a computationally demanding grid-search over the uncertainty frequency range. In the present work, we derive an alternative method that provides frequency estimates in closed-form by resorting to the expectation-maximization algorithm. This makes it possible to achieve some computational saving while maintaining a remarkable robustness against NBI.     

一种基于PN序列加权前导的自适应OFDM符号同步算法

该文对传统的基于PN序列加权前导的定时度量进行了理论分析,并提出了一种自适应OFDM符号同步算法。新算法在改进PN序列加权前导的基础上,综合利用循环前缀的重复特性和基于PN序列加权前导定时度量的分布特性设计定时方案,依据一定范围内定时度量的最大值自适应地进行符号同步估计。理论分析和仿真结果表明,和传统的基于PN序列加权前导的符号同步方法相比,新提出的方法可降低符号同步估计的误检概率,有效提高系统的定时性能。     

基于最大似然算法的OFDM同步技术研究

同步问题是卫星通信中的一个关键问题,直接关系到通信系统的性能。文中简要介绍了OFDM的同步技术,主要讨论了符号定时同步和载波同步。最大似然估计算法在OFDM符号定时同步和载波频率同步中得到了广泛的应用,通过最大似然估计方法,避免了基于导频符号的同步估计带来的频率和功率资源的浪费,通过仿真可以看到,能够很好地实现OFDM系统的符号同步和载波同步。     

基于SCA算法的OFDM符号同步优化设计

针对OFDM通信系统中,判决门限与时变信道不能自适应的问题,提出了一种新的基于S&C [1]算法的符号同步设计方案,即通过对系统添加预设信息,使OFDM系统能够在不同信噪比下,进行判决门限的自适应选择,提高符号同步的精度。     

基于电力线信道的OFDM盲同步算法

在Takahashi提出的盲同步算法的基础上,提出了一种OFDM多符号联合的差分盲同步算法。同Takahashi的算法一样,该算法利用OFDM符号的循环前缀内不被多径时延扩展所影响的那部分码元提取定时信息,但是为了避免电力线信道中随机的脉冲噪声对符号同步产生的影响,在每个定时时刻,取差值的前后移动平均,并采用多个OFDM符号的联合,以增强同步效果。仿真结果表明,在第一径为最强径或是非最强径的电力线多径衰落信道中,该算法取得了很好的符号同步效果。     

基于电力线信道的OFDM盲同步算法

在Takahashi提出的盲同步算法的基础上,提出了一种正交频分复用（OFDM）多符号联合的差分盲同步算法。同Takahashi的算法一样,该算法利用OFDM符号的循环前缀内不被多径时延扩展所影响的那部分码元提取定时信息,但是为了避免电力线信道中随机的脉冲噪声对符号同步产生的影响,在每个定时时刻,取差值的前后移动平均,并采用多个OFDM符号的联合,以增强同步效果。仿真结果表明,在第一径为最强径或是非最强径的电力线多径衰落信道中,该算法取得了更好的符号同步性能。     

OFDM系统中面向判决的同步与信道联合估计算法

该文提出了一种新的面向判决的OFDM时间和载波频率偏差与信道的联合跟踪算法,并给出了开环和闭环两种结构,不同结构适用于不同的信道环境。该算法提取出信道估计结果所包含的同步信息用于实现同步估计,然后利用当前同步估计结果对信道估计结果进行修正,使之尽量逼近真实信道。采用闭环结构并适当地选择块长和反馈因子的取值,该算法可以有效地对时变信道进行跟踪。     

On the synchronization techniques for wireless OFDM systems

The latest research works on the synchronization scheme for either continuous transmission mode or burst packet transmission mode for the wireless OFDM communications are overviewed in this paper. The typical algorithms dealing with the symbol timing synchronization, the carrier frequency synchronization as well as the sampling clock synchronization are briefly introduced and analyzed. Three improved methods for the fine symbol timing synchronization in frequency domain are also proposed, with several key issues on the synchronization for the OFDM systems discussed.     

OFDM系统的自适应符号同步算法

本文提出了一种在OFDM系统中基于导频符号的自适应符号同步新算法,它利用FFT的特性,采用频域同步方法,对符号定时进行估计。该算法计算量小,插入的导频数少,并且同步捕获速度、精度高低,可以灵活调节。仿真结果表明,该算法能简单而有效地获取符号同步,自适应性强。     

符号定时偏差对OFDM系统性能的影响

针对符号定时偏差对OFDM系统的影响进行了分析,推导了AWGN信道下定时偏差与信噪比损失的近似关系式,并通过仿真对分析结果进行了验证.研究表明,由于采用循环前缀,符号定时适度超前不会对系统性能造成大的影响,而定时滞后则会引入符号间干扰,使系统性能恶化.因此符号定时不一定要很精确,但一定要特别准确.     

Outage Analysis of OFDM‐Based Cognitive AF Relay Network in the Presence of Narrowband Interference

Orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most widely used technologies in current wireless communication systems and standards. Cognitive radio (CR) provides a robust solution to the problem of spectrum congestion as it offers opportunistic usage of frequency bands that are not occupied by primary users. Due to the underlying sensing, spectrum shaping, scaling, and interoperable capabilities of OFDM, it has been adapted as a best transmission technology for CR wireless systems. However, the performance of an OFDM‐based CR wireless system is affected by the existence of narrowband interference (NBI) from other users. Further, due to carrier frequency offset in NBI sources, NBI energy may spread over all subcarriers of an OFDM signal. In this paper, a fixed Amplify‐and‐Forward (AF) relay that operates at a frequency band that is different from that of direct mode is introduced to suppress the effect of NBI. Analytical expressions are derived for outage probability in direct, AF‐relay, and incremental relaying modes. The outage performance of the proposed AF relay–based CR network is proven to be better than that of direct mode.     

基于FPGA的OFDM符号同步设计及实现

正交频分复用（OFDM,Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex）技术作为未来移动通信系统的关键技术而成为当今无线通信领域的研究热点。但OFDM技术对频偏、定时和相位噪声敏感,较小的同步偏差即会导致系统的误码性能恶化,甚至通信失效。提出一种具有实用价值的符号同步简化算法,并详细阐述基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的实现过程。仿真结果表明：该电路有较高的同步精度,通过量化及制定门限值等简化方法可有效减少对芯片资源的占用,节省传输带宽。