焦油渣的综合利用

1问题的提出马钢煤焦化公司的焦油渣主要来源于煤气净化系统的机械化氨水澄清槽、焦油氨水分离器以及焦油超级离心机,按马钢公司焦油总产量的2%计算,年产焦油渣约2000t,其主要成分有:焦粉、煤粉、高沸点聚合物以及机械杂质。焦油渣工业分析数据如下:水分:7.4%;灰分:3.7%;挥发分:58.1%;含C:92.7%;含H:2.7%;密度:1.44kg/cm3。焦油渣是属于有害、有毒的废渣,处理不当易造成环境污染。1999年以前,马钢煤焦化公司产出的焦油渣由公司直接付钱给附近的乡镇企业处理,一般用作辅助燃料。近年来,随着环境保护要求越来越严格,乡镇企业不再接受焦油渣,…     

鞍钢鲅鱼圈焦油渣回配装置的应用与改进

详细介绍了焦油渣回配装置在鞍钢鲅鱼圈炼焦部应用和改进情况,包括焦油渣回配装置的工艺、设备在运行中存在的问题。分析了焦油渣粘结性对焦油渣与配合煤混合存在的影响。提出了4项改进措施,焦油渣回配率达到100%,实现了焦油渣的零排放。     

焦油渣添加装置在攀钢西昌煤化工厂的应用及改进

针对焦油渣环保处理难题,设计适应攀钢西昌煤化工厂的焦油渣添加装置,并在使用过程中进行了设备改进.不但较好的解决了焦油渣的处理问题,同时创造了一定的经济效益.     

菜钢焦油蒸馏系统影响因素分析及改进措施

莱钢焦化厂焦油蒸馏系统采用单塔常压工艺,因焦油水分不稳定、含焦油渣多及焦油处理量大等原因导致管式炉、馏分塔堵塞,二次蒸发器、工艺管道等设备也常出问题,通过新增超级离心机处理焦油、调整部分工艺指标和对设备进行预防性维修等措施,保证了系统的安全高效运行。     

“61”型焦炉鼓风初冷前的几点改进

我厂“61”型焦炉,在基建过程中,将鼓风初冷前的工艺作丁些改进,通过多年的生产实践,证明效果是良好的。现将有关几点介绍于下:一、小焦炉使用了焦油渣分离器大焦炉上使用的焦油渣分离器,应用在小焦炉上,多年来,焦油氨水分离池未清理过,池内积渣很少,保证生产顺利进行。工艺介绍如下:集气槽下来的焦油氨水,由切线方向进入设备。焦油氨水从网盖上翻,由上部出口流出到氨水沟,焦油渣被网盖挡住,下沉积聚在设备的下部,定时打开阀门放出焦油渣     

立式焦油氨水分离器防堵塞探讨

本文概述了焦油氨水分离装置运行中存在的问题,技术改进,通过改造后,焦油、焦油渣能够得到及时的清除,减少系统内焦油渣积聚及堵塞,能够很好的控制焦油氨水分离槽油层液面,满足焦油及氨水分离条件,能够得到合格的循环氨水,并保证氨水在炼焦集气管内的喷淋,确保煤气的稳定输送.     

对降低一步炼铅顶吹炉抛渣含铅的探讨

分析了影响熔炼顶吹炉抛渣含铅高的几个重要因素,并结合生产实践针对顶吹炉渣型、氧势、温度、物料含杂质情况和熔池高度等影响因素,提出了如何降低一步炼铅顶吹炉抛渣含铅应对措施,并对渣型控制、氧势控制、温度控制、熔池高度控制及物料中锌锑控制管理等措施进行了简单的探讨,最后实现抛渣(水淬渣)含铅由2. 19%降至0. 44%,含锌由5. 70%降至2. 88%。     

自动压油技术在机械化澄清槽上的应用

利用氨水-焦油界面仪,准确判断机械化澄清槽内氨水-焦油界面高度,再把信号传给自动调节阀,串级调节,实现自动压油,稳定氨水-焦油界面高度,焦油水分由原来的10%降至4%,减少了焦油脱水过程中的蒸汽能耗,年降低生产成本28.8万元。     

利用焦化厂焦油渣配煤炼焦的工艺研究

根据邯钢目前焦油渣的产量、处理方式以及废渣特性,在小焦炉进行了配煤炼焦试验。试验结果表明:添加适当比例的焦油渣对炼出的焦炭质量影响不大,配煤炼焦是可行的,添加1%焦油渣效果最好,可以合理有效地解决焦油渣造成的环境污染问题,同时还能创造一定的经济效益。     

玉钢提钒半钢冶炼的生产实践

针对玉钢半钢冶炼的生产实际,通过对炉衬浸蚀机理研究,开展了半钢冶炼工艺优化改进。结果表明：通过供氧制度优化,冶炼过程喷溅率由33%降至14.8%;通过优化造渣制度,终渣碱度由5.06降低至4.03,终渣（MgO）含量由7.8%提高至13.1%;通过优化温度制度及终点控制,平均出钢温度降至1 665℃,终点C小于0.03%的比例大幅降低。通过对半钢冶炼工艺优化改进,改善了炼钢技术经济指标,补炉频次显著降低,转炉炉龄达8 554炉,转炉作业率由56.2%提高到61.3%,确保了炼钢生产的稳定顺行。     

油隔泵的技术改造

本文介绍了油隔离泥浆泵的工作原理，通过分析没隔离泥浆泵使用效果不佳的原因，得出油隔离泥浆泵改造的必要性。通过工业试验的结果，得出油隔泵的技术改造是可行的。     

选矿作业的实质及分离效率计算式的探讨

从本质上讲，选矿作业的实质都是分离，按不同的分离目标把物料分开。分离得越彻底，分离效率就越高。按这一原理，分离效率应是各目的分离物在其分离产品中的采收率的乘积。这个分离效率计算式不仅适用于选矿各作业，同样也适用于有分离过程的其他行业。     

从大量钼酸盐溶液中分离微量钨的研究

由于钼、钨元素化学性质相似,从大量钼酸盐溶液中深度分离微量钨日益被科研工作者及钨钼生产厂家所关注。本文介绍了目前国内外钼酸盐溶液中分离微量钨的工艺研究进展,并对今后的研究方向提出了自己的粗浅看法。     

种分原液化灰的研究与应用

本从种分原液化灰的流动性实验开始,对种分原液化灰石灰乳的脱硅实验和实际应用,进行了认真总结,指出了烧结法氧化铝生产脱硅过程中,种分原液化灰的石灰乳控制和脱硅条件,取得了年节约价值５６９万元,减少赤泥回头２２３６ｔ的经济效果。     

从钼酸盐溶液中分离微量钨的研究进展

从钼酸盐溶液中深度分离钨日益为科研工作者及生产厂家所关注。本文介绍了目前国内外钼酸盐生产中分离微量钨的工艺进展,并对今后的研究方向提出了粗浅的看法。     

酸焦油聚合物配煤炼焦试验研究

为妥善解决酸焦油的综合利用与处置问题,采用真空蒸汽蒸吹回收轻油,再采用聚合反应法固化处置,得到沥青状不粘性易碎固体聚合物,进行配煤炼焦试验。试验结果表明:分别配用0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的酸焦油聚合物后,与基准样相比,焦炭的冷态强度和热态强度、灰分变化不大,而焦炭硫分随配量的增加呈现上升趋势,约上升0.01%～0.03%。     

A comparison of stool characteristics from normal and constipated people

In people with constipation, it is not known if decreased frequency of defecation is associated with abnormalities in the weight or in the consistency of stools or if the weight or the consistency of stools correlates with the severity of various discomforts associated with bowel movements. In neither normal nor constipated subjects has the consistency of stools been carefully correlated with their relative contents of water and solids. Our aim was to gain insight into these questions. Twenty subjects with idiopathic chronic constipation and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects were recruited by advertisement. Stools were collected for one week. After each bowel movement, the subject's perception of various discomforts associated with the bowel movement were recorded. The stools were then analyzed. The results and conclusions were as follows: (1) Stool weight per bowel movement was similar in the two groups but stool weight per week was markedly reduced in constipated subjects. (2) Reduced stool weight per week in constipated subjects was due to a nearly proportional reduction in stool water and stool solids output. (3) Using data from both groups, there was a curvilinear correlation between percent insoluble stool solids and stool hardness, as measured by a texture analyzer; hardness increased only slightly as percent insoluble solids increased between 7 and 20%, but hardness increased dramatically when percent insoluble solids exceeded 25%. (4) Only 6% of stools from constipated subjects (2 of 34) had abnormally high values for percent stool solids and physical hardness. (5) In subjects with constipation, the severity of various discomforts associated with bowel movements (such as straining) correlated poorly with the weight or the hardness of stool that was produced by the bowel movement.     

New Approach to Evaluate Pollutant Removal by Storm-Water Treatment Devices

A methodology was developed to monitor and evaluate the removal of solids and associated constituents by a nutrient separating baffle box (NSBB) storm-water treatment device treating runoff from a 4.3 ha (10.6 acre) residential watershed discharging into the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. The NSBB was monitored over a 359-day time period using autosamplers to quantify water column removal during runoff events, and by quantifying and analyzing solids that accumulated within the NSBB. Flow composited influent and effluent samples were collected to represent water column performance. Event mean concentration (EMC) reduction was moderate (mean: 17%) and variable (range: ?39 to 68%) for suspended solids, and negative for nitrogen, phosphorus, fecal coliforms chromium, and copper. The mass of solids that accumulated in bottom chambers and in a strainer screen was quantified and analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A quantitative evaluative framework was devised to estimate the total pollutant mass removal by NSBB, which consisted of the summation of the separately calculated mass removals for water column, bottom chamber material, and strainer screen material. The water column accounted for only 4% of total solids that accumulated in the NSBB, which was equally divided between bottom chamber and strainer screen. Removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and metals could be accounted for only by considering mass accumulations. Results suggest that overall assessment of pollutant removal by NSBB must be cognizant of the materials not captured by typical autosamplers: larger size sediment particles, large floating and suspended matter, and the pollutants associated with these materials. Using water column EMCs as the sole measure of performance significantly underestimated loading reduction of storm-water constituents by the NSBB. The monitoring and evaluative methodology applied to the NSBB may be applicable to load reduction evaluations for other storm-water treatment devices with a similar function.     

煤焦油加工园区废物资源化的综合利用技术

某公司利用自己研制的“废物资源化的综合利用技术”和可持续发展的循环经济增长模式,建立了煤焦油深加工企业的循环经济示范园区.将煅烧炉废烟气、电厂锅炉烟气、污水处理产生的废氨水、硫酸钠废水、焦油废渣、碳酸钙废渣及焦油蒸馏各高温馏分的余热等废弃物综合利用,提高了园区的整体资源利用水平.     

Effect of Rheology of Grinding Efficiency in the Laboratory Scale Continuous Classifying Mill

Abstract

Different ores containing soft minerals as the main components were ground in a continuously operating ball mill at laboratory scale. The effect of grinding conditions was studied by changing the solids feed rate, the feed slurry density, the weight of ball charge and the mill rotation speed. The optima of these variables in terms of energy consumption and production rate of fine fractions were determined individually for each tested ore. The grinding efficiency with this mill, equipped with a screen as a grate and a classifier at the discharge end, could be improved by lowering the slurry density to 25% solids by weight, which is significantly lower than traditionally used in laboratory tests or industrial practice.

The flow properties of the mineral slurries in question were studied as a function of percent solids for a better understanding of the phenomena observed in the grinding testwork. The viscosities of the mill discharge slurries were measured with different slurry densities. Tracer tests were conducted with different water/solids ratios in the mill feed for measuring the residence times of bulk solids, various size fractions and water, The maximum discharge rates of slurries from the mill were also measured with various slurry densities. The grinding results are discussed based on the conclusions drawn from these measurements.