支持商场运维管理的顾客购物行为分析

购物型商场的内部人流量比较大，人与商场的不同店铺、不同商品之间存在大量的交互行为，这些行为产生了大量的数据。通过有效地收集与分析这些数据，将有助于提升商场的运维管理水平。以清华大学C楼的天猫超市为例，利用UWB（Ultra-Wide Band）定位技术进行顾客购物行为的实验研究。结果表明，研究建立的购物行为数据采集方法是可行的，数据综合分析结果可分析出商场内人与商品以及商品与商品之间的关系，以用于货架的调配等运维管理，可为商场运维管理提供支持。     

商场背景音乐声舒适度的社会特征研究

舒适度是评价声音的重要指标,为了解商场中背景音乐声的舒适度,探讨使用者社会要素对背景音乐声舒适度的影响,该文运用现场测量和问卷调研相结合的方法,以哈尔滨典型商场为案例进行评价分析,旨在考量商场中背景音乐声舒适度及其社会特征。     

商场声环境研究的多元化特性

商场空间是理性购物与感性体验的非声学空间,商场声环境既有商业属性又有声学特性,该文以商场为主体,以声环境为研究内容。在商场声环境现场测试基础上,分析频率条件和时间条件下的背景噪声,得出商场的背景噪声随频谱和时间变化而变化,不同消费水平商场等效声压级不同的结论;在商圈、需求层次和及消费心理等平台上,考量商场声环境的客观听闻和主观感受,认为对商场声环境的物理听辨和心理感知,是识音、听音、感音的递进过程,商场声环境研究具有多元化特征。     

Investigation of indoor air quality in shopping malls during summer in Western China using subjective survey and field measurement

Thermal parameters and concentrations of CO2, TVOC and formaldehyde were monitored in shopping malls in four western cities in China during summer. Simultaneously, questionnaire subjective surveys were carried out to investigate the indoor perception of air quality and Sick Building Syndrome(SBS) among staffs in the shopping malls. It was found that stuffy odor had significant correlation with the overall odors perception and staff in the shopping malls had noticeable SBS. Instrument measurement showed that mall C had higher pollution levels of TVOC, while formaldehyde concentrations were higher in mall X and L. Pollution level in the malls is influenced by many factors, and three factors(customer density, ventilation conditions, emission characteristic of merchandise) were discussed in the analysis of data from the four malls. For customer density, the concentrations of CO2 on weekends were higher than on weekdays. Daily CO2 concentration was positively correlated with customer flow rate, but there was no significant strong correlation between customer flow rate and TVOC/formaldehyde concentrations. Underground floors had poorer indoor air quality than over-ground because of lack of fresh air. As for the merchandise sections, the formaldehyde in the home textile section in mall X reached 1.15 mg/m3 with an over standard rate of 83.3% due to the new merchandise added. This paper makes a contribution to knowledge relating to the reasons for discomfort in shopping malls by contributing multiple investigations on contaminants together with information on human perception and the operation of air conditioning systems within the stores.     

Indoor air quality at nine shopping malls in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong is one of the most attractive shopping paradises in the world. Many local people and international tourists favor to spend their time in shopping malls in Hong Kong. Good indoor air quality is, therefore, very essential to shoppers. In order to characterize the indoor air quality in shopping malls, nine shopping malls in Hong Kong were selected for this study. The indoor air pollutants included carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), formaldehyde (HCHO), respirable particulate matter (PM10) and total bacteria count (TBC). More than 40% of the shopping malls had 1-h average CO2 levels above the 1000 ppm of the ASHRAE standard on both weekdays and weekends. Also, they had average weekday PM10 concentrations that exceeded the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality Objective (HKIAQO). The highest indoor PM10 level at a mall was 380 microg/m3. Of the malls surveyed, 30% had indoor airborne bacteria levels above 1000 cfu/m3 set by the HKIAQO. The elevated indoor CO2 and bacteria levels could result from high occupancy combined with insufficient ventilation. The increased PM10 levels could be probably attributed to illegal smoking inside these establishments. In comparison, the shopping malls that contained internal public transport drop-off areas, where vehicles were parked with idling engines and had major entry doors close to heavy traffic roads had higher CO and PM10 indoor levels. In addition, the extensive use of cooking stoves without adequate ventilation inside food courts could increase indoor CO2, CO and PM10 levels.     

重庆市地下商场建筑能耗调查与分析

以重庆市3个地下商场为研究对象,采用现场调查的研究方法,分析了目前重庆市地下商场能耗现状,并提出改善地下商场建筑能耗的措施。     

探讨购物中心(Shopping Mall)建筑设计——以厦门明发商业广场为例

大型购物中心在西方发达国家已历时近百年,近年来,大型购物中心在我国方兴未艾,对大型购物中心的兴建如火如荼,而且其兴建的规模惊人,不由得我们要对此作出理性的思考和总结.该文对厦门明发商业广场进行了深入地调研,分析特点并总结其设计经验和方法,以期对我国购物中心的建设发展提供参考.     

某大型多层商贸中心人员疏散设计

分析了我国现行规范与实际需求的矛盾,通过性能化防火设计的方法解决实际案例的疏散设计问题,说明了用性能化防火设计方法解决大型多层商贸中心人员疏散设计的可行性。     

基于未知测度理论的商场消防安全评价

为了有效防控商场火灾,提高商场的消防安全管理水平,基于火灾发生、发展及造成损失的不确定性,结合商场建筑结构特点构建了包含4 个单元、27 个评价指标的多因素评价指标体系。对不宜直接采用绝对数值的指标进行了转化,依据层次分析法和未确知测度理论建立评价模型。以大同市云冈区某商场为例进行评价,得出其消防安全等级为“较安全”级别,与实际相符,证明了该模型的有效性,并提出针对性的管理建议。可利用该模型对管辖区域内多个商场进行消防安全现状评价,为辖区内商场的消防安全管理工作提供依据和思路。     

Towards a dynamic aggregate shopping model and its application to retail trading hour and market area analysis

The supermarket equation is a differential equation peculiar to spatial science. The complex form of this equation is presented here and is used to study aggregate consumer shopping patterns. The focus is the relationship between trips to, and shopping within, planned shopping centres relative to retail trading hour boundaries. In this context, five malls in Sydney are studied in the period prior to the introduction of deregulated shopping hours in 1992. The space-time convergence of aggregate consumer behaviour at these retail nodes show that the gravity coefficient can be treated in a temporal context. Estimates of mean trading hours can be made from the general solution and these are compared to alternative estimates from Fourier analysis. Time corrections to the gravity coefficient allow for a dynamic market area analysis, where the primary trade area can be determined relative to the trading hours of the shopping centre. A Sydney example shows how this methodology can be applied with population census data. Received: 13 November 1998 / Accepted: 14 September 1999     

与地铁车站连通的商场人员安全容量研究

为了保障地铁车站及与其相连商场的疏散安全,需要确定商场的人员安全容量。研究商场人员安全容量时通常会考虑规范要求而忽略其对周边建筑的影响。提出了一种确定与地铁车站连通的商场人员安全容量的方法。利用计算机仿真模拟了某商场及地铁车站的疏散过程,综合考虑标准规范要求、对车站疏散影响及疏散过程安全等因素,确定出该商场人员安全容量,并对疏散过程的不利情况提出相应的对策措施。     

商业综合体购物中心设计关键要素探讨

近几年,全国各地的购物中心如雨后春笋,蓬勃发展。凯德广场、万达广场、万象城、大悦城、IFC、太古汇等购物中心的数量在全国各地迅猛攀升。各商业集团公司以适合自己的各种发展模式在全国各级城市盘布着自己的商业项目。五年前,商场还是以百货为主流。今天,购物中心已经展现出全面的独特的优势,尽管数量上不及百货,但显示出了主流的发展趋势。在这个趋势下,购物中心的设计要求越来越成熟的设计方法。本文结合笔者的实践经验,分享和探讨商场设计中需要涉猎的一些重要信息。     

The role of ethnic retailing in retrofitting suburbia: case studies from Toronto,Canada

Today’s immigrants to Canada are increasingly and directly settling into suburban areas of major cities; a trend that has resulted in new retail opportunities: suburban ethnic shopping centres are a growing phenomenon in areas with major immigrant settlement. This paper discusses the development and retrofitting processes of three suburban Chinese shopping malls in the Toronto area. The paper explores how these malls successfully regenerated areas once affected by business decline and how they can act as a catalyst to develop a new urban form that makes the suburban landscape less uniform and more sustainable. Various perspectives from key players involved in ethnic retail activities and developments were collected, including surveys with entrepreneurs and shoppers, and semi-structured interviews with city councillors, city planners, developers and an architect. The paper suggests that municipalities could invest in established ethnic retail places as an innovative means of “retrofitting suburbia.”     

有关香港购物中心设计的几点分析

以香港购物中心为例,剖析购物中心设计的若干议题,以期为内地的购物中心建设提供一点可资参考的设计资料。     

Valuing user external benefits and developing management strategies for metro system underground arcades

Construction efforts in Japan and Europe indicate that metro system underground arcades (metro malls) provide many positive externalities, including landscape preservation, passenger safety and comfort and efficient land usage. Given the extremely high construction costs of metro malls, a comprehensive cost and benefit analysis is essential to facilitate government and vendor investment in their development. A comprehensive benefit analysis not only contributes to project assessment, but also helps develop comprehensive strategies for designing and managing metro malls. This study takes the East Metro Mall in Taipei City as a case study. The user benefits of the East Metro Mall are evaluated by a questionnaire survey and contingent valuation. Using negative binomial regression to calibrate the bid function, this study demonstrates that metro malls provide most benefits for high-income users, females and special-purpose and passing-by shopping trips. The average willingness to pay to use metro mall is 13.76 Taiwan dollars (1 Taiwan dollar ≈ 0.03 US dollar in 2006) per use. The total user benefits of the East Metro Mall thus can be valued at 21.2 million Taiwan dollars annually. Finally, Based on the calibrated bid function, this study presents suggestions regarding the further development of the East Metro Mall. Four strategies are recommended, relating to two areas, namely services and pricing. These strategies can provide guidelines in planning other metro system underground arcades.     

商业综合体购物中心设计关键要素探讨

近几年,全国各地的购物中心如雨后春笋,蓬勃发展．凯德广场、万达广场、万象城、大悦城、IFC、太古汇等购物中心的数量在全国各地迅猛攀升．各商业集团公司以适合自己的各种发展模式在全国各级城市盘布着自己的商业项目五年前．商场还是以百货为主流。今天,购物中心已经展现出全面的独特的优势,尽管数量上不及百货．但显示出了主流的发展趋势：在这个趋势下,购物中心的设计要求越来越成熟的设计方法。本文结合笔者的实践经验．分享和探讨商场设计中需要涉猎的一些重要信息。     

Conceptualizing the pedestrian mall in post-war North America and understanding its transatlantic transfer through the work and influence of Victor Gruen

Pedestrianization was an established concept among modernist architects and planners long before the first post-war pedestrian malls were built in North American downtowns. Post-war pedestrian-oriented suburban shopping malls, such as Northland near Detroit, MI and Northgate in Seattle, WA, linked retail success to the pedestrian shopping experience. This propelled the existing but then-untested assumption that planning downtowns to mimic suburban shopping centres by pedestrianizing main streets would revitalize downtown retail districts. Despite the modern origins of the pedestrianization concept, the rhetorical cues of post-war architects and planners in North America mask its modern roots and employ nostalgic imagery of pre-industrial European urbanism, implying European origin of the concept. Although imagery of European charm became a means of packaging modernist ideas of pedestrianization, the design proposals rarely referenced or replicated actual European precedents. Furthermore, while much research implies a linear transfer of pedestrianization ideas from Europe to North America, professionals in Europe also looked to North American shopping malls and pedestrian streets for guidance in addressing their own challenges with accommodating automobiles in downtowns.     

城市地下空间CO2浓度的测试研究

针对购物中心、餐厅、停车场和办公区等不同功能区的地下空间中室内空气质量影响进行了现场监测研究,主要研究了人群活动对室内二氧化碳浓度的影响规律,为今后改善地下空间室内空气质量提供了设计依据。通过研究发现：CO2浓度随人流量的增减同步变化,室内空气中的CO2浓度与人流量呈现正相关性。停车场和办公区的CO2浓度相对于购物区和餐厅比较低,最高不超过0．10％;而购物区和餐厅的CO2浓度比较高,人流量最高时可达0．18％。因此,今后地下空间通风系统设计时,应根据现场实际可能出现的人流量情况,进行新风量调节,以达到节能和改善室内质量环境双重目的。     

商业建筑设计研究——以潜能商都为例

潜能商都位于重庆市铜梁区核心区商圈,是一栋商业和办公功能结合的综合体项目。该文首先介绍了项目的概况,分析了项目的区位和周边的环境以及配套设施,交代了场地的特征。通过对场地的分析,得到建筑的形体功能布局,并设计了建筑的标高和人行流线,车行流线以及消防流线。然后介绍了建筑内部的设计,包括裙房商场内部的商业模式、商场的业态组成与分布、消费者在商场中的水平流线与垂直流线、商场的防火分区与安全疏散流线,以及办公塔楼的设计,最后是建筑的立面设计。     

厦门购物中心现状调研及设计剖析

目前厦门市正处在一个产业转型期,商业在未来的城市经济发展中将占有重要地位,近年出现的新兴商业体多以购物中心为主。本文在对厦门现有购物中心进行调研的基础上,从商业项目的开发定位、建筑设计以及商业氛围营造等方面对购物中心案例进行分析,以期对今后的商业地产开发与设计有所启迪。