Detection of Plaque in Coronary Artery in CMRI Images and 3D Visualization of Blood Flow

Detection of blocks in coronary arteries is becoming crucial interest for early detection of heart attacks. In this paper we propose a framework for detection of plaque in coronary arteries from cardio vascular magnetic resonance imaging(CMRI). It is a quantitative tool for the assessment of cardiovascular diseases. First, select a region of interest and segment the region of coronary artery using enhanced region based active contour (ERAC). Secondly the centreline extraction and lumen segmentation are integrated to extract the artery centreline using geometric moments and the vessel direction using Hessian matrix and segment the vessel lumen in each slice using ERAC. A boundary searching method is adapted to fine tune the segmented surface in each slice of CMRI image. Third, the soft plaques in the coronary artery are extracted by thresholding the segmented region. Finally a 3D visualization of blood flow in coronary artery is presented and the volume of blood flow is calculated. In the experiments we have employed 22 datasets of CMRI images. The experimental results show an average accuracy of 97.6% and with a mean and standard deviation of false discovery rate of 2.48 ± 0.002.

     

新型基于分层多假设跟踪的冠脉骨架提取算法

为解决大多数脉管骨架提取算法中存在的运算复杂、准确率低以及无法同步获取脉管半径问题,提出了一种新型基于分层多假设跟踪的冠脉骨架提取算法. 首先,提出改进局部形状分析方法用于冠脉预分割,通过引入单连通约束和体积约束和降低非血管型结构及细小类血管型结构误分割率;其次,定义新的中心检测能量函数,增强骨架定位能力,并提出分层多假设策略,避免跟踪过程产生局部最优解和实现脉管半径同步获取;此外,通过生成水平集图,使算法可根据脉管树分支情况自动初始化多条跟踪路径,具有较好的拓扑适应性. 实验表明,与其他骨架提取算法相比,该算法可以同步获取冠脉骨架及半径等信息,且结果精度较高.     

应用球形算子层次聚类的3维冠脉跟踪提取

目的 计算机断层血管造影术（CTA）是冠脉疾病诊疗过程中最为常用的成像方法之一。然而造影图像中冠脉与其周边组织的灰度分布较为接近,冠脉整体结构的识别较为困难。为此提出一种基于方向聚类的冠脉结构跟踪提取方法。方法 该方法首先使用闭运算及灰度拉伸对影像进行预处理,然后在选定的种子点构造球形算子,该球形算子由多对方向相反且从球心指向球壳的射线组成,通过对多组数据进行分析得到血管在球形算子内部的灰度差异率特征,对灰度差异率特征曲线构造2维凸包可得到射线与血管壁的交点,以此获得血管段的分割结果以及指向血管走势的方向向量的集合,应用最小距离层次聚类法对向量集合进行分类得到跟踪方向,遍历整条血管完成对冠状动脉的分割。结果 实验结果表明,本文方法能够获得较为精确的冠脉提取结果,与近年流行算法相比在临床有效血管段的跟踪上具有一定优势。能够达到0.39 mm的跟踪精度。结论 本文方法的优势在于所提出的球形算子对不同形态的3维血管具有较好的适应性和鲁棒性。用于向量分类的层次聚类方法无需训练,算法自动化程度高,且分类较为准确。血管跟踪提取方法精度较高。     

一种高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法

针对空间异质性导致的道路几何纹理特征突出性下降问题, 提出一种高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法. 首先设定跟踪模型, 依据人工输入点, 自适应提取道路中心点和道路宽度, 设计迭代内插、双向迭代两种跟踪方式以及矩形跟踪模板; 然后提出多描述子道路匹配模型, 针对道路几何纹理特征突出性不足问题, 基于道路区域地物边缘与道路方向一致的语义关系, 通过线段峰值约束的思想, 提出一种多尺度线段方向直方图(Multi-scale line segment orientation histogram, MSLSOH)描述子, 以此对跟踪方向进行预测; 针对道路几何纹理特征均质性下降问题, 从道路区域与道路非道路混合区域纹理差异性出发, 组合三角形构成扇形描述子, 突出道路影像纹理特征, 以此不仅可对预测跟踪点进行验证, 而且也可在结构信息缺失的情况下对道路进行跟踪; 最后选取不同类型、不同分辨率、不同场景的高分辨率遥感影像, 通过与其他方法的实验对比, 表明该方法能够解决道路提取过程中几何纹理特征突出性下降问题, 具有准确率高和自动化程度高的优势.     

基于决策树SVM分类器的感兴趣区域定位方法

感兴趣区域定位是提取目标特征,进行目标识别与跟踪等后续处理的重要基础.由于大尺寸遥感图像的光谱特性和目标形状均很复杂,通常采用的基于光谱特征的分割方法和基于边缘的区域生长技术不合适,从模式分类角度考虑遥感图像中感兴趣区域快速定位问题,提出一种基于决策二叉树支持向量机的纹理分类方法,将分类器分布在各个结点上,构成了多类支持向量机,减少了分类器数量和重复训练样本的数量.在SPOT图像上的实验结果表明,该方法实现感兴趣区域的快速定位有较高的分类正确率.     

基于几何特征的血管快速重建算法

针对X光造影图像中血管三维重建的特殊性,提出了基于血管几何特征的快速重建算法。该算法依据双目视觉的重构原理,按照一定的顺序,选择并匹配具有分叉,转折,末梢等几何特征的点作控制点。使得连接控制点的血管可以简化成一条具有一定宽度的线段。提取并生成各个控制点的三维信息,然后采用“化曲为直,多线逼近”的方法进行三维绘制。达到了快速、简便、数据量小、精度可控性高的效果。非常适合成像质量有限的X光造影图像中血管这类线形几何体的重建。最后在微机平台上,通过实际测试验证了上述优点。     

Active Foreground Region Extraction and Tracking for Sports Video Annotation

Automatic video segmentation plays a vital role in sports videos annotation. This paper presents a fully automatic and computationally efficient algorithm for analysis of sports videos. Various methods of automatic shot boundary detection have been proposed to perform automatic video segmentation. These investigations mainly concentrate on detecting fades and dissolves for fast processing of the entire video scene without providing any additional feedback on object relativity within the shots. The goal of the proposed method is to identify regions that perform certain activities in a scene. The model uses some low-level feature video processing algorithms to extract the shot boundaries from a video scene and to identify dominant colours within these boundaries. An object classification method is used for clustering the seed distributions of the dominant colours to homogeneous regions. Using a simple tracking method a classification of these regions to active or static is performed. The efficiency of the proposed framework is demonstrated over a standard video benchmark with numerous types of sport events and the experimental results show that our algorithm can be used with high accuracy for automatic annotation of active regions for sport videos.     

基于特征区域的图像自动配准

为了解决基于特征的图像配准中的特征点的定义和提取问题,提出了一种以特征区域替代特征点的定义和提取方法。该方法应用Moravec算子选择候选特征区域,使用具有旋转不变性的Zernike矩表征该区域的特性;采用二级匹配策略进行特征区域的匹配,即基于自组织映射神经网络的初始匹配及精细匹配;建立图像的配准框架并实现图像的配准。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取图像的特征点并能准确地进行特征点的匹配,整个配准过程完全自动进行。     

基于全局光流特征的微表情识别*

以改善微表情识别效果为目标,研究基于梯度的全局光流特征提取算法.针对精细图像间大位移问题,引入多分辨率策略对图像分层,通过迭代重加权最小二乘法逐层优化目标函数,求解最优光流,保证运动跟踪的准确性.为了体现人脸关键部位的动作差异,提出分区的特征统计方法,将光流图像划分为若干矩形区域,在局部区域内归纳各点光流运动情况,增强特征的有效性.实验表明,文中方法提升整体识别率和各类情感区分的准确度.     

Recognition of facial expressions based on salient geometric features and support vector machines

Facial expressions convey nonverbal cues which play an important role in interpersonal relations, and are widely used in behavior interpretation of emotions, cognitive science, and social interactions. In this paper we analyze different ways of representing geometric feature and present a fully automatic facial expression recognition (FER) system using salient geometric features. In geometric feature-based FER approach, the first important step is to initialize and track dense set of facial points as the expression evolves over time in consecutive frames. In the proposed system, facial points are initialized using elastic bunch graph matching (EBGM) algorithm and tracking is performed using Kanade-Lucas-Tomaci (KLT) tracker. We extract geometric features from point, line and triangle composed of tracking results of facial points. The most discriminative line and triangle features are extracted using feature selective multi-class AdaBoost with the help of extreme learning machine (ELM) classification. Finally the geometric features for FER are extracted from the boosted line, and triangles composed of facial points. The recognition accuracy using features from point, line and triangle are analyzed independently. The performance of the proposed FER system is evaluated on three different data sets: namely CK+, MMI and MUG facial expression data sets.     

基于外推跟踪的眼部白睛血管自动提取方法

提出了一种从中医“望目辨证”眼部图像提取血管的方法。首先利用最优阈值分割和形态滤波,提取自睛区域,且动态设置等距扫描线并在其上寻找血管跟踪初始点。跟踪时通过探测当前中心点两侧边缘点走向,结合血管剖面分析,动态地调整跟踪向量的方向和长度。血管提取可自动进行,并可处理曲率和直径呈非渐进变化的血管形态。     

一种用于视点图像绘制的光线空间插值方法

光线空间表示是实现实时复杂场景自由视点视频的有效方法。提出了基于特征点检测的快速光线空间插值方法,首先采用自适应阈值提取光线空间片或图像域的特征点,然后结合遮挡问题采用相关性准则匹配特征点,根据匹配的特征点将光线空间分割成不同对象区域并进行插值,以实现快速任意视点图像绘制。实验结果表明,该方法能快速插值光线空间数据,生成的光线空间数据信噪比高、绘制的任意视点图像的主客观质量也较高。     

一种分步式多模态视网膜图像自动配准方法

提出了一种基于视网膜图像特征点可靠提取的算法，在此基础上提出了一种对视网膜图像进行分步式的图像配准方法。首先利用最小二乘法进行快速的粗配，再进一步根据特征点的对应性，利用投影变换模型进行精确配准。与传统方法相比，该方法配准精度高，可以达到亚像素级精度，整个配准过程不需要人工干预。     

反求工程中点云数据的二次曲面特征提取技术

基于点的连通性及同一特征面测量点几何特征相似性，在特征曲面拟合误差控制下，实现了散乱数据二次曲面的区域分割．工程应用实例表明：文中方法稳定可靠，可显著提高反求CAD建模效率与重建模型精度。     

基于实体模型的产品形状特征识别

依据实体造型的特点,从模型空间的特征层入手,搜寻模型空间中的简单形状特征,并根据造型特点获取单个特征在零件模型上的几何拓扑关系,从而实现形状特征的自动识别.通过分析特征实体造型,提出一种基于实体模型的产品形状特征识别方法,并结合微波器件产品开发特征参数提取模块,实现复杂零件模型形状特征的自动识别与提取.该方法为快速建立企业零件库提供途径,也为网络环境下的协同设计和数据共享奠定基础.     

Development of feature segmentation algorithms for quadratic surfaces

Segmentation is a process of partitioning the data in a triangular model to extract the feature regions for use in surface reconstruction. Quadratic surfaces are among the common entities in typical CAD models and should be reconstructed accurately. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for segmenting quadratic features from triangular meshes. The proposed process is primarily composed of two steps. In the first step, a region growing is developed to search for a small area near a seed point to determine the feature type, which can either be a plane, a spherical surface, a cylindrical surface or a conical surface. In the second step, a re-growing procedure is employed to search for the points of the same feature type. Moreover, an automatic algorithm is proposed to extract all planar regions for complex triangular models. The feasibility and limitations of the proposed method are demonstrated by real range data with various quadratic surfaces.     

一种基于分水岭和特征约束的细胞跟踪方法

针对传统细胞跟踪中细胞提取中噪声干扰导致的跟踪错误问题,提出一种分水岭和基于特征约束的细胞跟踪的方法。首先,利用分水岭检测算法实现预分割,然后根据提取的细胞特征对预分割的图像进一步提纯过滤噪声点,得到更加准确的细胞分割图像。分割好的图像,根据细胞的运动特性,针对惰性细胞,使用均值漂移算法进行跟踪,针对跳跃细胞,使用帧间差分法进行跟踪。最后,通过实验仿真验证提出的方法能够有效地实现细胞分割,并且能够针对特定的细胞实现跟踪。