氮化铝粉末特性对氮化铝-氮化硼复合陶瓷结构和性能的影响

以比表面积为4.26m2/g、氧含量(质量分数,下同)为O.98%和比表面积为17.4m2/g、氧含量为1.69%的2种AlN粉末为原料,用无压烧结工艺制备氮化铝氮化硼(A1N-15BN,BN为15%)复合陶瓷,研究了A1N粉末对复合陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响.结果表明:A1N粉末对复合陶瓷的致密化过程以及陶瓷的性能有重要影响.由于高比表面积A1N粉末的烧结活性好,AlN-15BN复合陶瓷的烧结致密化温度主要集中在1500～1650℃之间.在1650℃烧结3h后,A1N-15BN复合陶瓷的相对密度可达95.6%,热导率为108.4W/(m·K),硬度HRA为72.继续升高烧结温度,A1N-15BN复合陶瓷的致密度变化不大,热导率升高,硬度下降.在1850℃烧结后,A1N-15BN复合陶瓷的热导率为132.6W/(m·K),Rockwell硬度(HRA)为64.2.低比表面积的AIN粉末所制备的A1N-15BN复合陶瓷的致密化过程主要发生在1650～1800℃间.在1850℃烧结3h,制备出A1N-15BN复合陶瓷的相对密度为86.4%,热导率为104.2W/(m·K),HRA为56.2.     

硅酸钙/β-磷酸三钙生物陶瓷的光固化成型工艺及性能研究

以微米级硅酸钙/β-磷酸三钙粉体、光敏树脂、分散剂和光引发剂为原料,制备了固相含量达55vol％的陶瓷浆料,探索了分散剂添加量对陶瓷浆料粘度的作用效果,研究了硅酸钙/β-磷酸三钙陶瓷生坯的脱脂烧结工艺,研究了烧结温度对陶瓷综合性能的影响.结果 显示,在1 100℃下烧结可制得开气孔率33.51％、弯曲强度26.97 MPa、体积密度2.01 g·cm-3的具有微米级和亚微米级微孔结构的硅酸钙/β-磷酸三钙生物陶瓷.     

电路基板用AlN-TiN-BN复相导电陶瓷的制备及性能研究

以微米TiN、AlN以及BN为主要原料,以微米B_4C、纳米Si粉以及微米Y_2O_3为添加剂,在N_2气氛保护下热压烧结制备了AlN-TiN-BN复相导电陶瓷。测试和分析了烧结样品的相对密度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性、硬度值以及导电性能。结果表明,最佳的导电陶瓷配比中微米Ti N添加量(wt%)为40%,微米Al N添加量为30%,微米BN为15%。当烧结温度为1800℃时,样品性能最佳,其相对密度为95.7%,弯曲强度为415.3 MPa,断裂韧性为5.54 MPa·m~(1/2),维氏硬度为HRA 83.1,电阻率值为781.5μΩ·cm。     

氧化铝/氮化铝陶瓷显微组织研究

氮化铝具有良好的热学、电学和机械等性能,是理想的电子封装材料和高性能陶瓷基板材料.本文研究了AlN加入量和烧结温度对Al2O3/AlN复相陶瓷相组成和显微组织的影响.结果表明该陶瓷在1400～ 1550℃烧结时,AlN被部分保留,少量氧原子进入AlN晶格,烧结生成4种铅锌矿结构新相,有利于提高复相陶瓷热导率;氮化铝含量和烧结温度的提高,有利于形成大尺寸晶粒.     

CBZS/AlN玻璃-陶瓷的低温烧结及性能研究

以CaO-B2O3-ZnO-SiO2(CBZS)玻璃粉以及AlN粉体为原料,采用常压烧结法制备了CBZS/AlN玻璃-陶瓷,研究了不同CBZS玻璃含量对复合材料烧结性能、热学性能、介电性能以及力学性能的影响规律.结果表明:CBZS玻璃含量的增加,能有效促进CBZS/AlN玻璃-陶瓷的致密化,可在700～775℃烧结获得致密结构的CBZS/AlN玻璃-陶瓷复合材料;但当CBZS玻璃的含量超过65％后,对玻璃-陶瓷烧结性能的促进作用开始减弱,并恶化了复合材料的热导率与弯曲强度,同时增加其介电损耗.当CBZS玻璃含量为65wt％时,在750℃烧结可获得致密结构的玻璃-陶瓷复合材料,其体积密度为2.87 g·cm-3,热导率为5.31 W/(m·K),介电常数为7.45,介电损耗为0.86×10-3,抗弯强度为209.04Mpa.     

氮化铝-氮化硼复合陶瓷的制备和性能

在N2气下1 750～1 900 ℃热压烧结3 h制备了氮化铝-氮化硼(AlN-BN)复合陶瓷.加入3%(质量分数)CaF2作烧结助剂,研究了烧结工艺制度和烧结助剂对致密化规律、力学性能、介电性能及热学性能的影响.氟化钙(CaF2)的引入有利于净化晶界,优化材料的综合性能.在1 850 ℃下热压烧结,可获得相对体积密度为98.53%和最高热导率(λ)值为110 W/(m·K)的AlN-BN复合陶瓷,样品的相对介电常数(εr)在7.50～7.63之间,介电损耗(tanδ)最小为6.36×10-4,介电常数随烧结温度增加而减少.     

氮化铝陶瓷及其用途

随着非氧化物陶瓷材料的研究日益受到重视，氮化铝陶瓷以其高热导率、与硅相匹配的热膨胀系数、比强度高、密度低及无毒等优点，成为微电子工业中新一代的电路基板、封装材料。由于它适应了新一代信息材料迅速发展的需求，近年来取得显著进展。氮化铝（AlN）为共价健化合物，晶体结构为六方与立方两种。其中立方晶型仅在超高压与薄膜生长条件下才能制取。常见的AlN陶瓷均呈六方纤锌矿结构。理论密度为3.26g/cm3,莫氏硬度为7～8，分解温度为2200～2250℃。氮化铝粉末呈白色或灰白色。氮化铝制品的密度与选择的添加剂种类及添加量，制备工艺…     

高纯度氧化铝粉体颗粒细化对烧结致密化及透光性能的影响

以法国Baikowski公司高纯度氧化铝粉体为参照,选取大连瑞尔精细陶瓷有限公司产超高纯度氧化铝粉体为研究对象。采用研磨处理,以改善国产氧化铝粉体的形貌、粒径及其分布。分别采用硅钼电炉中常压烧结和真空气氛下在1850℃烧结2种不同的烧结方式评价了研磨后粉体的烧结性能和用于制备半透明氧化铝陶瓷的可行性。结果表明:经过研磨改性处理后,粉体的粒径分布和比表面积接近于法国粉体;在1600℃常压烧结得到的氧化铝陶瓷达到理论密度的97%,具有均一的晶粒尺寸(～5μm)。添加MgO为烧结助剂,在真空下烧结得到了半透明氧化铝陶瓷,在波长为200～1100nm范围直线透过率最大值达到16%。     

Dy和Er掺杂对AlN陶瓷显微结构及性能的影响

在AlN粉末中添加稀土氧化物Dy2O3和Er2O3,采用高温烧结方法制备氮化铝陶瓷,研究了稀土掺杂对陶瓷烧结性能、显微结构及导热性能的影响。结果表明:纯氮化铝陶瓷相对密度只有90.7%,导热率为45.7W/(m·K),而添加3%的Dy2O3的AlN陶瓷相对密度为99.4%%,导热率为84.1W/(m·K),添加3%的Er2O3可使氮化铝陶瓷相对密度提高到99.1%,导热率达到115.4W/(m·k);添加Er2O3可有利于消除氮化铝陶瓷的晶界相,减少氮化铝晶粒缺陷及提高声子在晶体中的传播路程,并显著提高氮化铝陶瓷的结构致密性和导热性能。     

氮化铝陶瓷低温真空热压烧结研究

以自蔓延高温合成的AIN粉体为原料,Y2O3、Dy2O3、La2O3为添加剂,采用真空热压烧结工艺,实现了含有添加剂的AIN陶瓷体的低温烧结;研究了烧结温度对AIN烧结性能的影响。用XRD、SEM对AIN高压烧结体进行了表征。研究表明：粉体粒径、烧结工艺、烧结助剂对AIN陶瓷低温烧结真空热压烧结性能有很大影响;含烧结助剂的真空热压烧结能够有效降低AIN陶瓷的烧结温度并缩短烧结时间,使烧结体的结构致密。烧结温度1550℃条件下,真空热压烧结90min时,得到的AIN陶瓷的致密度最高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。