环形子孔径测试的迭代拼接算法及其实验验证

为了满足测量高精度、大口径光学元件的需要,在子孔径拼接和定位算法的基础上研究了环形子孔径迭代拼接算法。该算法可通过精确找出重叠点对和寻找最优位形两个步骤来简化。而后研究了该算法在环形子孔径拼接测量中出现的新问题,即如何确定重叠点的问题,并详细介绍了该算法的步骤。最后对160mm口径的抛物面进行了拼接测量实验, 拼接结果的PV值为0.186λ,RMS值为0.019λ,与自准直全口径测量结果基本一致。结果表明环形子孔径的迭代拼接算法能够满足非球面镜的高精度测量。     

用非零位补偿法检测大口径非球面反射镜

研究了利用圆形子孔径拼接和环形子孔径拼接检测非球面的方法,以实现非零位补偿法对大口径非球面的测量.分析和研究了该技术的基本原理,并基于齐次坐标变换和最小二乘拟合建立了综合优化和误差均化的拼接数学模型;分别开发了圆形子孔径拼接和环形子孔径拼接检测非球面的算法软件;设计和搭建了子孔径拼接干涉检测装置,并分别利用圆形子孔径拼...     

子孔径拼接干涉法检测非球面

介绍了子孔径拼接干涉检测非球面的理论和方法,分析了其基本原理,基于齐次坐标变换、最小二乘法和Zernike多项式拟合建立了一种合理的拼接算法和数学模型。对一抛物面镜进行了五个子孔径的计算机模拟拼接实验,拼接前后全孔径面形误差分布是一致的,其PV值和RMS值的偏差分别为-0.009 2 λ和0.0013 λ;全口径相位分布的PV值和RMS值的相对误差分别为-0.39%和0.44%。实验结果表明,利用子孔径拼接技术不需要零位补偿就能实现对较大口径非球面的测量。     

Shack-Hartmann波前传感器检测大口径圆对称非球面反射镜

针对大口径非球面反射镜在研磨阶段后期其面形与理想面形存在较大偏差,且表面粗糙度较大、反射率较低,采用轮廓仪和普通干涉仪检测无法满足测试要求等问题,提出采用动态范围大且精度高的Shack-Hartmann波前传感器来检测大口径非球面反射镜.研究分析了Shack-Hartmann波前传感器检测系统的原理及系统误差并编写了相应的数据处理软件.为了验证该方法的可行性,对已经加工完成的350 mm口径旋转对称双曲面面形进行了检测,测量得到的面形误差PV值、RMS值分别为0.388λ、0.043λ(λ=632.8 nm);与干涉测量的标准结果进行了对比,得到的面形偏差PV值、RMS值分别为0.014λ和0.001λ.对比结果表明,Shack-Hartmann波前传感器的测量结果正确可靠,从而验证了Shack-Hartmann波前传感器检测大口径非球面反射镜的可行性.     

基于环形子孔径拼接法检测非球面研究

介绍了基于点衍射干涉仪的环形子孔径拼接检测非球面的理论和方法,分析了其基本原理,相对传统非球面检测方法,这种方法可以有效避免高精度补偿器件的使用,它通过不同曲率半径的球面波前来匹配被测非球面的不同同心环带区域,然后通过拼接算法重构整个非球面表面。在对一非球面的仿真测试中,测量的PV值为λ／131,RMS值为λ／830（工作波长为632．8nm）,试验表明：该算法是切实可行的,具有较高的精度。     

大口径碳化硅材料凸非球面反射镜的检验

为了实现某大口径碳化硅材料凸非球面反射镜检验,研究了无像差点法以及补偿检验法方案.经过比较优选,确定选用补偿检验方案并专门设计了高精度大口径非球面补偿器,设计精度为PV:0.008 2λ,RMS:0.002 9λ(λ=632.8nm).采用会聚光束,使用大口径数字干涉仪进行凸非球面正面检测,最终检测结果为0.022λ(RMS).所述补偿器的设计方法和要求具有普遍性,设计结果也可用于同类型大口径凸非球面检验用补偿器的设计.采用该方法提高了凸非球面检测精度,并且在凸非球面镜的材料选择、结构设计、支撑方式等方面提供了更多的优化空间,为新型光学材料在凸非球面反射镜的应用奠定了基础.     

大口径非球面系统的共基准加工与检验

针对大口径离轴非球面系统加工与装调的难点,提出了非球面光学系统共基准加工与检测的方法,对该方法的基本原理和实现过程进行了分析和研究。当光学系统的主镜和第三镜面形的RMS值优于λ/10(λ=632.8nm)时,对主镜和第三镜进行共基准装调和测试,并进行背板一体化装嵌,然后利用离子束对其进行一体化共基准加工。结合工程实例,对一大口径非球面系统口径为724mm×247mm的非球面主镜和口径为632mm×205mm的第三镜进行了共基准加工与检测,最终利用离子束共基准一体化精抛光得到主镜和第三镜面形的RMS值分别为0.019λ和0.017λ,满足光学成像。     

环形子孔径拼接检测大口径非球面镜的规划模型及分析

环形子孔径拼接技术是一种无需辅助元件就能检测旋转对称大口径非球面镜的有效手段。根据该技术的检测原理,从几何光学的角度建立了子孔径规划模型,给出了模型数值求解的具体方法。以一口径为700 mm、中心遮拦为160 mm、顶点曲率半径为3 000 mm的抛物面镜为例进行了数值计算,且从物理光学的角度对数值计算结果进行了进一步分析和解释,并进行了初步的实验研究。结果表明,该模型具有较好的预测效果,可为实际检测方案设计提供理论依据,使得检测过程可控、量化和可重复。     

宽光束波前测量子孔径拼接方法研究

目前检测大口径光学系统质量一般是使用大口径干涉仪,需要加工高精度的标准表面,不仅难度大,而且制造周期长,制造成本高.因此,在ICF应用上使用子孔径拼接的方案,用小口径、高精度、高分辨率的干涉仪来复原大口径光学元件的波前相位数据.这是一项新的高精度大孔径面形检测手段.既保留了干涉测量的高精度,又免去了使用与全孔径尺寸相同的标准波面,降低了成本,并且可获得大孔径干涉仪所截去的波面高频信息,为高空间频率范围的检测评价提供了手段.文中提出一种不同于ICF应用上的一种子孔径拼接方法.     

子孔径检测及拼接的目标函数分析法

利用子孔径检测及拼接的方法可以完成大口径面形的干涉测量,本文提出实现子孔径拼接的目标函数分析法,并通过建立每个子孔径的相关矩阵及相关向量。每个重叠区的拟合矩阵及拟合向量,实现了子孔径的拼接。该方法简单易行且避免了误差传递和积累。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.