ZL101非树枝晶名合金加热时的晶粒长大动力学分析

根据ZL101非树枝晶铝合金在575℃,578℃加热时的组织变化,分析了在等温处理时的晶粒长大动力学。在共晶温度以下保温时,初生相α－Al的长大较慢,晶粒长大因子为2．9,Si颗粒通过共晶相的部分熔化凝聚粗化。在共晶温度以上保温时,初生相α－Al晶粒迅速长大,晶粒长大因子为1．5,共晶相区域缩小,Si颗粒进一步粗化。     

固溶处理对准共晶Al-Si合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过金相显微镜、差示扫描量热分析以及显微硬度测试等研究固溶温度和固溶时间对挤压铸造的ZAlSi12CuMgNi铝合金的显微组织和力学性能变化的影响。结果发现:在固溶过程中,强化相逐渐溶解,共晶Si逐渐细化、弥散,块状初晶Si趋于圆整化;保温时间过长,细化后的Si会发生聚集、粗化、长大,块状Si圆整度下降以及α(Al)晶粒长大等现象;随着固溶温度的上升,强化相的溶解和Si相的粒化、圆整化的时间会缩短,且Si相的细化程度和弥散程度更高,而Si相粗化和α(Al)晶粒长大的速度也会增大;在不同固溶温度下,α(Al)固溶体的力学性能随保温时间的延长而呈现不同形式的下降趋势;挤压铸造的ZAlSi12CuMgNi铝合金的最佳固溶处理工艺为525-530℃,保温时间为2.5-3h。     

超声振动对过共晶Al-Si合金半固态浆料凝固组织的影响

研究超声振动制备过共晶Al-Si合金半固态浆料中工艺参数对半固态浆料组织的影响规律.利用A390铝合金熔体,超声振动至液固相线温度区内制浆,研究超声振动时间、振动后保温及空振比等不同条件下半固态浆料的组织变化.结果表明:超声振动后初晶Si可细化到20 μm左右:浆料在保温过程中,初晶Si粒以8μm/min的平均速度快速长大,2 min内初生Si晶粒仍保持较好的圆整度;2 min后初生Si晶粒慢慢恶化;在1℃/min的冷却速度下,在0.5～10 min的振动时间范围内,初生Si以小于2.5 μm/min的速度缓慢长大;当超声振动的空振比为0.5时,初生晶粒的细化效果最好.     

Al-20Si-1Sm合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变

研究了Al-20Si-1Sm合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的组织演变。结果表明,随着等温热处理温度和时间的增加,液相量增加,共晶α-Al相球化,尺寸先减小后增大。共晶Si呈羽毛状,初生Si裂解成小块状并明显钝化。在等温温度为610℃,保温时间为15min时,合金中共晶α-Al相的球化效果最佳,平均尺寸为37μm,初生Si平均尺寸为30μm。     

初生奥氏体形态对高铬铸铁重熔保温过程组织演变的影响

将亚共晶高铬铸铁铸态试样和半固态试样加热至液固温度区间保温,研究了保温过程中初生奥氏体形态和尺寸的演变过程。结果表明,两种试样保温过程中奥氏体晶粒都经历了粗化并趋于球化的发展过程,其粗化是由于溶质原子迁移和晶粒合并所导致。原始奥氏体形态决定其球化速度,含颗粒状奥氏体的半固态试样中奥氏体经历了简短的长大而球化过程。含枝晶状奥氏体的铸态试样中奥氏体先形成网状结构,然后经过复杂的熔断、长大过程,奥氏体球化速度极其缓慢。     

喷射成形70Si30Al合金在加热保温过程中显微组织的演变规律

利用喷射成形技术制备了70Si30Al合金新型电子封装材料,研究了沉积态合金的显微组织及其随温度变化的规律。结果表明:沉积态70Si30Al合金显微组织细小,初生硅相为不规则的块状,均匀弥散分布,初生硅相之间主要是过饱和α(Al)相和铝硅伪共晶相;70Si30Al合金在620℃以下保温90 min,初生硅相没有明显长大,但随着温度的升高出现球化现象,过饱和α(Al)相没有显著变化,铝硅伪共晶相在566~582℃之间熔化,随着温度的升高,熔化相增多并互相凝聚在一起;合适的喷射成形70Si30Al合金热加工变形温度为560~590℃。     

A356铝合金半固态浆料在连续冷却、等温保温及随炉冷却过程中的组织演变

采用自孕育法制备A356铝合金半固态浆料,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱及电子探针研究浆料在连续冷却、等温保温及随炉冷却过程中的组织及成分变化。结果表明:采用自孕育法能够制备出初生α-Al晶粒细小且分布均匀的非枝晶半固态浆料;浆料在连续冷却过程中,初生α-Al晶粒逐渐长大并圆整,固相体积分数逐渐增大。浆料等温保温初期初生α-Al晶粒逐渐长大并圆整,晶粒长大速率符合D_t~3-D_0~3=Kt动力学方程;过长的保温时间会使晶粒合并而恶化组织。随炉冷却过程中较慢的冷却速率使剩余液相无法独立形核,浆料剩余液相主要通过初生α-Al晶粒稳定生长以及共晶反应而实现凝固;随着随炉冷却时间的延长,Mg完全扩散至晶内,晶内Si含量逐渐增加。     

熔体过热处理对Mg_2Si/Al-Si复合材料显微组织的影响

通过原位反应制备Mg_2Si增强Al基复合材料,研究熔体过热处理温度和保温时间对Mg_2Si/Al-Si复合材料组织与性能的影响,确定最佳的工艺参数。结果表明:在本实验条件下,熔体过热处理的最佳工艺为820℃保温30 min,初生Mg_2Si接近于球状,平均晶粒尺寸为17μm,共晶Si由粗大的枝晶状变成细小的颗粒状,共晶Mg_2Si由汉字状变成短棒状,分布较均匀。未进行保温处理时,初生Mg_2Si的晶粒尺寸随着过热温度的提高而减小;过热温度低于870℃时,初生Mg_2Si的晶粒尺寸随保温时间的延长而减小;过热温度高于870℃时,初生Mg_2Si晶粒尺寸随保温时间的延长而急剧增大。     

铸态亚共晶高铬铸铁重熔时先共晶相的演变

通过观察常规铸态亚共晶高铬铸铁在固液区间等温重熔过程中先共晶奥氏体形貌的变化情况,研究其演变规律及机理。结果表明,在等温重熔过程中,网状枝晶的粗化、熔断和晶粒的球化、合并长大是先共晶奥氏体演变的4个主要阶段。在较低温度下重熔,其演变过程以枝晶长大粗化及熔断为主,奥氏体枝晶网状结构难以完全消除;在较高温度下重熔,组织的演变过程以晶粒的球化及合并长大为主。在适当温度下(1330℃)保温一定时间(35min)可以获得较为圆整且尺寸均匀分布的先共晶奥氏体组织,但加热温度过高,保温时间过长,奥氏体晶粒会严重长大粗化。     

固溶参数对冷变形Inconel718合金晶粒长大的影响

研究了固溶温度和保温时间对冷变形Inconel718合金晶粒长大的影响。住980℃～1000℃固溶处理时，晶粒长大缓慢，品粒长大动力学指数为0.122～0．181，指数随固溶温度升高而增加。住980℃固溶处珲时，保温时间不超过60min，可以得到细小的混品组织：住990℃～1090℃固溶处理时，保温时间30min，晶粒均匀长大，晶粒均匀长大的表观激活能Q-176kJ／mol，晶粒长大是通过品界空位扩散的品界迁移机制。保温时间60min，在990℃～1030℃温度区间，晶粒长大不显著，当温度超过1030℃，晶粒明显粗化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。