Antihyperlipidemic effects of buckwheat leaf and flower in rats fed a high-fat diet

This study was conducted to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of a powdered whole buckwheat leaf and flower mixture in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal control (NC), high-fat (HF), and high-fat supplemented with a mixture of powdered buckwheat leaf and flower (BLF; 5%, wt/wt) groups. The plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the BLF group than in the other groups. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride values of the BLF group were similar to those of the NC group. This plant part mixture elevated the faecal triglyceride and acidic sterol level in the BLF group. The result suggest that the beneficial effect of this buckwheat plant portion on plasma and hepatic lipid profiles in high-fat fed rats is partly mediated by higher excretion of faecal lipids and synergistic effect of phenolic compounds and fibre present in the BLF.     

Dietary supplementation with purified mulberry (Morus australis Poir) anthocyanins suppresses body weight gain in high-fat diet fed C57BL/6 mice

We present our experiment about adding anthocyanins to the daily food of mice. Three kinds of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside) purified from Chinese mulberry (Morus australis Poir) were evaluated for suppressing body weight gain of the male C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). The results from a 12-week experiment show that consumption of purified mulberry anthocyanins (MACN) of 40 or 200 mg/kg can significantly inhibit body weight gain, reduce the resistance to insulin, lower the size of adipocytes, attenuate lipid accumulation and decrease the leptin secretion. Thus, dietary supplementation with MACN can protect against body weight gain of the diet-induced obese mice.     

Hepatoprotective effects of lycopene against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats

Lycopene, the major carotenoid in tomatoes, is a known antioxidant that may lower oxidative stress biomarkers by a mechanism that is not fully elucidated. The intoxication of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) resulted in significant histological hepatic degradation accompanied by a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in the number of apoptotic cells. The induced oxidative stress in turn results in a significant elevation of lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂ generation, together with a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and a significant reduction in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S transferase (GST). CCl₄-intoxicated rats, pre-treated with lycopene, showed strongly reduced cell damage and ROS generation. The level of markers for hepatic integrity in lycopene pre-treated rats was close to the controls in the absence of CCl₄ treatment, indicating the protective effect of lycopene pre-treatment. In the same way, lycopene pre-treated rats significantly increased SOD, CAT, GPx, GST activities and GSH level. In addition, we measured an increased lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in CCl₄-intoxicated rats. This activity was reduced in lycopene pre-treated rats to values close to those observed in the controls, suggesting a potential pharmacological application of this dietary carotenoid.     

Pectin oligosaccharides improved lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue of high-fat diet fed mice

Food Science and Biotechnology - Impacts of pectin oligosaccharide (POS) got from hawthorn fruitage on adiponectin signaling pathway and white adipose metabolism in mice fed with high-fat control....     

注射级玉米卵磷脂对高脂饮食大鼠的降血脂作用

探究注射级玉米卵磷脂（CLFI）对高脂膳食诱导的大鼠的降血脂作用。将60 只雄性SD大鼠随机分为6 组,即空白对照组、高脂模型组、阳性对照组（1.2 g/kg大豆卵磷脂）和CLFI高（2.4 g/kg）、中（1.2 g/kg）和低（0.6 g/kg）剂量组。除空白对照组给予基础饲料外,其余各组均给予高脂饲料,喂养2 周后开始对阳性对照组和CLFI各剂量组连续灌胃给药6 周,每天1 次。空白对照组和高脂模型组给予蒸馏水10 mL/kg。试验结束后考察大鼠血清血脂水平变化,检测大鼠体重、腹腔脂肪蓄积系数（AFC）、血清及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）水平等指标,并观察肝脏的组织形态变化。结果表明：CLFI能有效抑制高脂膳食诱导大鼠的体重增长,降低血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、MDA水平和动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）、血脂综合指数（LCI）,并且降低AFC和肝脏中MDA水平;此外,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和SOD水平都有不同程度的提升,肝脏脂肪变性情况也得到改善。CLFI对高脂血症大鼠具有较好的降血脂和预防肝脏脂肪变性的作用,可为CLFI后续的开发和产业化应用提供一定的理论依据。     

Hypocholesterolemic effects of low calorie structured lipids on rats and rabbits fed on normal and atherogenic diet

The hypocholesterolemic effects of two low calorie structured lipids (SL1 and SL2) containing essential fatty acids, prepared by lipase catalysed interesterification of ethyl behenate respectively with sunflower and soybean oils were studied in rats and rabbits. The feeding experiment conducted on rats as well as rabbits, fed on normal and atherogenic diet containing 10% of SL1 and SL2 (experimental) and sunflower oil (control) indicated no adverse effects on growth and food intake. However, the structured lipids beneficially lowered serum and liver lipids, particularly cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and also maintains the essential fatty acid status in serum and liver. The lipid deposition observed in the arteries of rabbits fed on atherogenic diets was significantly reduced when structured lipids were included in the diet. These observations coincided with reduced levels of serum cholesterol particularly LDL cholesterol observed in experimental groups. Therefore the structured lipids, designed to have low calorific value also beneficially lower serum lipids and lipid deposition in animals fed on atherogenic diets.     

CD36 is involved in lycopene and lutein uptake by adipocytes and adipose tissue cultures

Scope: Carotenoids are mainly stored in adipose tissue. However, nothing is known regarding the uptake of carotenoids by adipocytes. Thus, our study explored the mechanism by which lycopene and lutein, two major human plasma carotenoids, are transported. Methods and results: CD36 was a putative candidate for this uptake, 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with sulfosuccinimidyl oleate, a CD36‐specific inhibitor. sulfosuccinimidyl oleate‐treated cells showed a significant decrease in both lycopene and lutein uptake as compared to control cells. Their uptake was also decreased by partial inhibition of CD36 expression using siRNA, whereas the overexpression of CD36 in Cos‐1 cells increased their uptake. Finally, the effect of CD36 on carotenoid uptake was confirmed ex vivo in cultures of adipose tissue explants from CD36^?/? mice, which exhibited reduced carotenoid uptake as compared to wild‐type mice explants. Conclusion: For the first time, we report the involvement of a transporter, CD36, in carotenoid uptake by adipocytes and adipose tissue.     

Antiatherogenic and antioxidative effects of Houttuynia cordata extracts in rats fed a high-fat diet

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts from Houttuynia cordata on the serum lipid profile and hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats. Animals were fed either a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0, 1 or 5% H. cordata extracts for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation of H. cordata extracts at 1 and 5% normalized the HFD-induced weight gain in rats without a significant change in food intake. The H. cordata extracts dose-dependently increased serum HDL cholesterol levels in HFD-fed rats, resulting in a more than 2.5-fold decrease in atherogenic index. Lipid hydroperoxide content in the liver was significantly increased by HFD feeding, and the supplementation of H. cordata extracts at 5% reversed the hydroperoxide content to the level in the normally fed control group. Consistent with reduced hepatic lipid hydroperoxide, animals fed H. cordata extracts exhibited reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in the liver and serum. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extracts from H. cordata reduces atherogenic risk and hepatic oxidative damage induced by HFD consumption in rats.     

Fermented soy product supplemented with isoflavones affects adipose tissue in a regional-specific manner and improves HDL-cholesterol in rats fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet

It has been proposed that isoflavones and probiotics possess specific biological activities that enable them to affect lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a soy product fermented with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus jugurti and supplemented with isoflavones on the plasma lipid and glucose profiles, and on the retroperitoneal (RET) and epididymal (EPI) adipose tissue adipocyte areas in juvenile rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 6-week experimental diets: (1) cholesterol-enriched diet (rat chow) plus fermented soy product supplemented with isoflavones, (2) cholesterol-enriched diet plus unfermented placebo, (3) cholesterol-enriched diet plus placebo supplemented with isoflavones, (4) standard diet (rat chow), or (5) cholesterol-enriched diet. Soy products affected adipose tissue in a regional-specific manner and may be responsible for the observed increase in RET adipocyte area (μ²): (1) 12757.00 ± 286.25; (2) 13269.00 ± 326.87 or (3) 13050.00 ± 226.85 versus (4) 8714.92 ± 262.41 or (5) 8892.70 ± 131.79 or decrease in EPI adipocyte area (μ²): (1) 7759.00 ± 108.89 and (2) 7481.90 ± 111.21 compared with the control group (4) 8346.60 ± 158.89. The effect on epididymal adipose tissue was probably due to isoflavones. Probiotics significantly raised the plasma level of HDL cholesterol. Fermented soy product supplemented with isoflavones did not promote changes in the glucose and triglyceride plasma levels. This product may offer a new approach for improving or preventing lipid metabolism abnormalities by decreasing visceral adipocyte area, adjusting cholesterol-mediated loss of RET adipose tissue (lipoatrophy), and increasing the HDL cholesterol plasma level.     

不同分子量壳聚糖对高脂膳食小鼠血糖的调节作用

为研究不同分子量壳聚糖对高脂膳食小鼠血糖的调节作用,选取C57BL/6J雄性小鼠48只,随机分为4组:正常组(Control)、高脂组(high fat,HF)、低分子量壳聚糖组(high fat+low weight molecular chitosan,HF+LWMC)和高分子量壳聚糖组(high fat+high weight molecular chitosan,HF+HWMC)。每周记录其摄食量和体重。饲养16周后,对小鼠血清、肝脏的生化指标进行测定,并对肝脏磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxybinase,PEPCK)及葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(Glucose 6phosphatase,G6Pase)的基因表达进行检测。结果表明:壳聚糖的添加可降低高脂膳食小鼠的体重和血脂水平,缓解肝脏脂质过氧化,高分子量壳聚糖的效果略好于低分子量壳聚糖。     

开菲尔对高脂金黄地鼠肠道菌群的调节作用研究

利用高脂金黄地鼠模型研究开菲尔对肠道菌群的调节作用。体质量、肝脏质量、附睾脂肪质量、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）测定结果表明,开菲尔能够有效控制高脂饲料引起的体质量、附睾脂肪质量增加以及LDL-C/HDL-C比值的升高（开菲尔实验组体质量、附睾脂肪质量、LDL-C/HDL-C比值分别为149.8 g、4.0 g、0.7,显著低于高脂饲料对照组的172.1 g、5.5 g、1.1）。高通量测序分析结果显示,开菲尔能够显著下调拟杆菌门、脱铁杆菌门、变形菌门和TM7菌门组成比例和上调厚壁菌门、柔膜菌门和疣微菌门比例;能够上调Akkermansia muciniphila的组成比例,并下调Alistipes indistinctus和Mucispirillum schaedleri的组成比例。因此,推断开菲尔能够调节高脂饲料引起的肠道菌群失调,抑制体质量增加和降低血脂指标。     

Lipid metabolic effect of Korean red ginseng extract in mice fed on a high-fat diet

BACKGROUND: Ginseng saponin and ginsenosides exert anti‐obesity effects via the modulation of physiological lipid metabolism in vivo or intracellular signalling in cell culture systems. However, the complicated relationship between the anti‐obesity effects of ginseng and gene expression has yet to be defined under in vivo conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the anti‐obesity effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) and hepatic gene expression profiles in mice fed long‐term on a high‐fat diet (HFD) in this study. RESULTS: KRGE reduces the levels of cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), serum triglycerides, and atherogenic indices. Levels of leptin, adiponectin and insulin, which regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, were impaired profoundly by HFD. However, KRGE treatment brought these levels back to normal. KRGE was found to down‐regulate genes associated with lipid metabolism or cholesterol metabolism (Lipa, Cyp7a1, Il1rn, Acot2, Mogat1, Osbpl3, Asah3l, Insig1, Anxa2, Vldlr, Hmgcs1, Sytl4, Plscr4, Pla2g4e, Slc27a3, Enpp6), all of which were up‐regulated by HFD. CONCLUSION: KRGE regulated the expression of genes associated with abnormal physiology via HFD. Leptin, insulin, and adiponectin, which carry out critical functions in energy and lipid metabolism, were shown to be modulated by KRGE. These results show that KRGE is effective in preventing obesity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Hypocholesterolemic and hypotensive effects of a fruit-based functional beverage in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed with cholesterol-rich diet

This study was designed to evaluate a polyphenols-rich fruit-based functional beverage on blood pressure, serum and liver lipid profiles in vivo. Sixty spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into five groups and were fed with a AIN-93G-diet as the normal control (NC), high cholesterol diet as atherogenic control (AC), and the AC diet with three different beverage dosages (0.5X, 1X, 2X), where X is the equivalence of two portion sizes for an adult (X = 10 mL/kg BW/day) after dose translation. Blood pressure was measured during weeks 2 and 4 using a tail-cuff method. Systolic blood pressures were lowered by the beverage at the supplementation of 1X/2X after 2 week but not after 4 week. The oral administration of the beverage at 1X/2X significantly lowered liver cholesterol and total and non-HDL-cholesterol levels in the serum. Thus, the newly formulated beverage possessed hypolipidaemic effects while showing inconsistent effect in lowering the blood pressure.     

Anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng vinegar in high-fat diet fed mice

Food Science and Biotechnology - This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ginseng vinegar (GV) for preventing and ameliorating the obesity and inflammation. Oral administrations of GV with...