蚂蚁粉的抗疲劳作用的实验研究

研究蚂蚁粉的抗疲劳作用.蚂蚁粉分3个剂量组即：83 mg/kg,167 mg/kg,250 mg/kg给小鼠灌胃,对照组为蒸馏水.30 d后小鼠游泳造成疲劳,测定血乳酸、尿素氮、肝糖原及小鼠游泳时间等指标.结果：蚂蚁粉的3个剂量组均能显著提高小鼠肝糖原的储备量;降低小鼠游泳后血乳酸曲线下面积;降低运动后血清尿素氮含量,加速体内尿素氮的清除速率,提高小鼠的游泳时间.结论：蚂蚁粉有抗疲劳作用.     

甲鱼肽粉安全性的初步评价研究

目的 对甲鱼肽粉的安全性进行初步评价研究。方法 采用大、小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames 试验、小 鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和大鼠 30 d 喂养试验对甲鱼肽粉进行急性毒性、遗传毒性 和亚慢性毒性研究。结果 甲鱼肽粉对大、小鼠经口最大耐受量(MTD)均大于 20.0 g/(kg.bw); Ames 试验显示 在加与不加 S9 时各剂量组回变菌落数与自发回变对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 小鼠骨髓嗜多染红 细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验结果显示, 各剂量组的微核率和精子畸形率与阴性对照组比较差异均无统计学 意义(P>0.05); 30 d 喂养试验表明甲鱼肽粉未见明显毒性反应, 最大未观察到有害作用的剂量为 8.4 g/(kg.bw)。 结论 在本次实验条件下, 甲鱼肽粉经口 MTD>20.0 g/(kg.bw), 属实际无毒级, 并且未见遗传毒性, 30 d 喂养 试验未见其对受试动物有毒性损害作用。     

柚子皮提取物安全性评价及其多糖分子量分布

目的 评价柚子皮提取物的食用安全性,并测定其中所含多糖的分子量分布。方法 采用最大耐受剂量法,以35.45 g/kg的剂量灌胃实验小鼠,评价柚子皮提取物的急性毒性,采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变实验(Ames实验)和骨髓细胞微核实验评价其致突变性。采用凝胶渗透色谱法测定柚皮多糖的分子量分布。结果 小鼠无明显中毒症状和死亡。Ames实验结果显示柚子皮提取物为诱变阴性。鼠骨髓细胞微核实验3个剂量组的微核发生率与阴性对照组比较无显著性差异,表明柚子皮提取物无毒,其在实验条件下无致突变性。提取物中3种粗多糖的分子量有显著差异,且所用乙醇浓度越低,被沉淀多糖的分子量越大。结论 柚子皮提取物无毒,具有较高的食用安全性,提取物中多糖的分子量差异显著。     

竹叶粉的食用安全性评价

目的 评价竹叶粉的食用安全性。方法 通过文献检索、营养成分及活性成分检测、卫生学指标（重金属、农药残留和微生物污染）检测、毒理学安全性评价（急性经口毒性试验、三项遗传毒性试验和90 d经口毒性试验）等多方面综合评估竹叶粉食用安全性。结果 竹叶在国内外有悠久的食用和使用历史,未见有中毒和不良反应记载。竹叶样品含有蛋白质等营养成分,总酚含量较高,各项卫生学指标均未超出类似食品限量要求。毒理学安全性评价试验中,竹叶粉未表现出毒性作用,未观察到有害作用剂量为4.0 g/kg·BW。结论 竹叶粉摄入剂量低于6 g/d时,对一般成人可能造成的不良健康作用极小。     

红曲提取物的急性毒性和致突变性研究

研究红曲提取物的急性毒性和突变性.采用最大耐受剂量法研究急性毒性;采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)、骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验研究其致突变性.昆明种小鼠以最大给药量为15 g/kg灌胃,小鼠无明显中毒症状亦无死亡;Ames试验选用TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102四种菌株在加与不加S.两种情况下试验研究,结果显示为诱变阴性;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验3个剂量组的微核发生率与阴性对照组比较无显著性差异;小鼠精子畸形试验中试验组的精子异常率与阴性对照组相比亦无明显差异.红曲提取物的毒性级别为无毒级;在试验条件下,未发现其有致突变性.     

水解拟黑多刺蚂蚁粉的研究

蚂蚁体内含有丰富的营养成分,通过水解法制成的蚂蚁蛋白粉,不仅含有丰富蛋白质,易吸收,而且具有多种医疗保健功能,富含多种生物碱、醛、醇、酸以及ATP、多种酶和辅酶等重要的有机物。结果表明最佳水解条件为用0.100 0 mkat/g的木瓜蛋白酶和0.037 5 mkat/g的纤维素酶在pH7,温度50℃,底物浓度7%的条件下,水解7 h,测得此条件下可溶性固形物的得率为46.5%,可溶性固形物的蛋白质含量达65.87%。     

论酱油的食用安全性

本文作者系从事发酵、食品工业的老专家,具有丰富的理论知识及实践经验。本文详尽而有力地阐明了酱油的食用安全性,不仅以严密的逻辑清除了酱油致癌的误解,而且显示了酱油的防癌及保健作用。现在作者正在继续对此撰写专著,专刊将于今后陆续刊登。     

酱油是安全性极强的食品

酱油起源于我国，历史悠久，不但是东亚各国的主要调味品，而且已走向世界，成为国际性食品，因此深为有关中外学者的关注和研究，逐渐阐明了它的生理活性的机能。近日在我国报刊上曾报导过酱油中含有黄曲霉毒素或说酱油中含致突变性物质，导致胃癌等等，引起了部分人的疑虑。笔者愿就这两个问题，综合中外学者的研究结果，提出酱油是安全性非常强的见解，或对如何正确对待这些问题有所研益。If油用曲霉并非黄曲霉毒素产生苗1961年所发现的黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxin）是今日致癌性最强的真菌毒素。酱油及酱是使用与产生黄曲霉毒素黄曲霉（ASp…     

纯麦胚粉的研制

本试验采用物理方法处理小麦胚制成纯麦胚粉,成品中酶已钝化,贮藏期可达3个月以上,麦胚所含的丰富物质基本不变,且生腥味去除,在色泽、口味、水中分散性等各种感官指标方面均达到较为满意的结果。     

豆基婴儿配方粉的开发及安全性评价

豆基婴儿配方粉是以大豆蛋白为原料,根据婴儿生长发育的营养需求添加所需的维生素和矿物质等制成的一种配方食品。豆基婴儿配方粉的开发可以解决在婴儿喂养期母乳喂养不足,乳基配方粉价格较高,部分婴儿乳糖不耐或乳蛋白过敏等一系列的问题。文中概述了近年来豆基婴儿配方粉市场、配方开发及食用安全性的研究进展。目前对豆基婴儿配方粉主要的安全质疑来自于配方粉中的异黄酮类植物雌激素的含量相对较高。文中也从用豆基婴儿配方粉喂养的婴儿其异黄酮每日的摄入量、异黄酮在婴儿体内消化和吸收的途径以及异黄酮对婴儿生长发育的影响这三个方面对豆基婴儿配方粉的安全性进行了综述。     

Mutagenicity and Safety Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Prunus mume

ABSTRACT:  The ethanolic extract of  Prunus mume  (EPM) is a novel polyphenol preparation derived from branches (with leaves) of  Prunus mume , which could be used as a functional ingredient for antioxidant and antiobesity therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of EPM. An EPM was prepared and evaluated for oral acute and subacute toxicity in  Sprague–Dawley  rats, while its mutagenic potential was assessed by a reverse mutation test using  Salmonella typhimurium , by a bone marrow cell micronucleus test using ICR mice, and by a sperm abnormality test using ICR mice. The results showed no acute lethal effects at the maximal tested EPM dose of 20 g/kg bw in either rats or mice, suggesting that EPM can be regarded as virtually nontoxic. Administration at levels of 0.84, 1.67, and 3.33 g/kg bw to rats for 30 d did not induce any significant hematological, clinical, chemical, or histopathological changes. No mutagenicity evidence was detected in any of the 3 mutagenic tests. The level of "no observed adverse effect" (NOAEL) for EPM was above 3.33 g/kg bw for the subacute toxicity study.     

Mutagenicity and Safety Evaluation of Water Extract of Fermented Toona Sinensis Roemor Leaves

ABSTRACT:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity and safety of water extract of fermented Toona sinensis Roemor leaves (WFTS). The WFTS was prepared by fermenting Toona sinensis Roemor leaves anaerobically for 14 d, and then extracting with boiling water. The mutagenic effects of WFTS were investigated using Ames test. No mutagenicity was found toward all tester strains ( Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535). In the acute oral toxicity study, a single limit dose of 2.5 or 5 g/kg body weight (bw) WFTS was given to male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, then the rats were observed for 14 d. No acute lethal effect at a maximal dose of 5 g/kg bw WFTS was observed in rats. In the subacute study, the male rats were administered daily by gavage at a dose of 0.5 or 1 g/kg bw/d of WFTS for 28 d. The results indicated that no significant toxic effect was found in the parameters of body and organ weight, as well as hematological, biochemical, urinary, and pathological parameters between control and the WFTS-treated rats. The level of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of WFTS in male rats was 1 g/kg bw for subacute toxicity study.     

Safety evaluation of supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Aloe vera gel

Abstract: The gel of the Aloe vera plant has been used safely for oral and external applications. Previously, we found phytosterols derived from an extract of Aloe vera gel obtained with an organic solvent to have hypoglycemic and antiobesity effects. While developing of functional foods using Aloe vera gel, we produced an active Aloe vera gel extract (AVGE) using a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) extraction procedure. In this study, we tested the safety of AVGE in vitro and in vivo. In an acute oral toxicological test in which AVGE was administered to rats at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight, there were no deaths or apparent abnormalities at necropsy. In a 90‐d toxicity test in which rats were continuously administrered AVGE at 30 or 150 mg/kg, euthanized, and subjected to pathological examinations, no abnormalities attributable to the AVGE were found. AVGE was nonmutagenic in the Ames test and a chromosomal aberration test at concentrations of up to 5000 μg/plate and 1600 μg/plate, respectively, and in an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test at up to 150 mg/kg/d. Practical Application: AVGE can be safely used as a functional food material.     

Safety Studies Conducted on a Sanitizing Agent Containing Benzalkonium Chloride

Abstract: Free N Clear is a sanitizing agent composed of United States Pharmacopeial Convention grade benzalkonium chloride (BAC), acetic acid, and methylparaben. Free N Clear is proposed for use as a sanitizing agent at a 1 : 50 dilution (2% solution), which contains approximately 100 ppm BAC. As part of a program to assess its safety, a 2% solution of Free N Clear (diluted Free N Clear) was administered by gavage to Sprague‐Dawley rats for 91 d and tested for genetic toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In the 91 d study, the no observable adverse‐effect level of diluted Free N Clear in male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats is 5000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose administered. Diluted Free N Clear was not mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay that tested concentrations extending into the toxic range, and did not increase the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow cells of male or female Sprague‐Dawley rats when tested at the maximum permissible dose volume of 20 mL/kg bw. The results support safety of Free N Clear, when used at the concentration proposed for use. Practical Application: The significance of these findings will allow for the development of Free N Clear as a potential sanitizing agent for food.     

Mutagenicity and Acute Toxicity Evaluation of 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone

ABSTRACT: Mutagenicity and acute toxicity of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), a unique radiolytic product, were evaluated. Mutagenicity was evaluated by the Ames assay using 5 standard Salmonella tester strains with S9 enzyme activation and 5 concentrations of 2-DCB. Sodium azide (NaN₃), fenaminosulf, and2-aminofluorene (2-AF) served as positive controls. The Ames assay showed no difference between the 5 concentrations of 2-DCB and the controls, including samples incubated with S9. The results indicate that 2-DCB does not produce point or frameshift mutations in Salmonella and is not activated by S9. Acute toxicity of 2-DCB was evaluated by the Microtox acute toxicity system and compared with cyclohexanone and 2-nonenal (both GRAS additives). The effective concentrations that caused a 50% reduction in light emission by Vibrio fischeri cells (EC₅₀) were; 21.72 6 14.57 ppm for 2-DCB, 37.40 6 0.45 ppm for cyclohexanone, and 1.65 6 0.26 ppm for 2-nonenal. The maximum number of cells affected by 2-DCB was 65% 6 4%, while it reached 90% to 100% for the other 2 compounds. Our results suggest that even though the EC₅₀ for 2-DCB is lower than that for cyclohexanone, it was not toxic enough to decrease light emission of V. fischeri beyond 60% to 70%. These results indicate that the potential risk from 2-DCB, if any, is very low.     

Mutagenicity and safety evaluation of the water extract of Camellia oleifera Abel

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity and safety of water extract of the fruit hull of Camellia oleifera Abel (WECO), which was prepared using hot‐reflux method. The oral maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of WECO was above 20 g/kg body weight both in rats and in mice, which can be regarded as virtually nontoxic. No mutagenicity was found in Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test. In the subacute study, the SD rats were administered orally at 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg/BW for 30 d. There were no treatment‐related toxic effects from WECO. No significant differences were found in parameters of body weight, hematology value, clinical chemistry value, and organ/body weight ratio. The level of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for WECO was 2 g/kg/BW for subacute toxicity study. Practical Application: With the gradual increase in tea oil production, it was in urgent need of dealing with Camellia fruit hull, which was always discarded because of low economic benefits. Camellia fruit hull has been shown to have significant antioxidant effects including DPPH radical‐scavenging ability and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power ( Zhang and others 2010 ). Toxicological evaluation of WECO provided a safety assurance of WECO for developing dietary supplements and functional foods.     

全脂羊乳粉中塑化剂的暴露量调查及安全评估

目的调查国内有代表性的羊乳粉加工企业生产的乳粉中塑化剂的种类和含量,并评估羊乳粉中塑化剂的暴露量情况,为安全性评价提供参考。方法通过Monte Carlo模拟对不同年龄段的婴幼儿通过乳基粉对塑化剂的膳食暴露情况进行非参数概率评估,按照美国环境保护署(EPA)提出的经口摄入参考剂量(reference dose,RfD),对塑化剂膳食暴露引发的健康风险进行评价。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ段龄3组婴幼儿对邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)摄入量的平均值(90%Confidence Interval)的致癌风险分别为1.56×10-5、2.16×10-5、1.33×10-5a-1,均在EPA推荐的最大可接受值1.0×10-4 a-1范围之内。以高百分位(P99)计算来看,3组婴幼儿的邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、DEHP、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的健康风险值均小于1,在风险控制标准之下。结论以羊乳粉作为生产婴幼儿配方乳粉的基料是安全的。     

木棉花干粉的毒理学安全性评价

为了判定木棉花对人体长期服用的安全性,并为以后的食用安全提供毒理学安全性的依据。采用食品安全国家标准中的急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和经口给药方式进行90d喂养试验。木棉花雌雄性小鼠经口最大耐受剂量(MTD)80.00 g/kg·BW;Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验三项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性。大鼠喂养90d后,受试样品高剂量组进食量和食物利用率和正常对照组比较有差异,其它各项指标无显著性差异;低、中剂量组SD大鼠体重、进食量、食物利用率、血液学、血液生化、脏器重量以及脏体比等指标与正常对照组比较,均无显著性差异。各主要脏器系数及病理组织学检查比较,均未发现有生物学意义的改变。现有试验结果证明木棉花在低于40.0 g/kg·BW内对人体长期使用是安全可靠的。     

曲酸对动物的毒性研究及安全性评价

目的:研究曲酸对动物的毒性作用及安全性评价。方法:急性毒性实验、105d喂养实验。结果:曲酸对小鼠有明显的急性毒性作用,LD50为2571mg/kgbw,在105d大鼠喂养实验中,曲酸对大鼠生长发育、总食物利用率、血液生化指标、多个脏器的脏器系数,以及部分血液指标均无显著影响,但曲酸使雌、雄鼠白细胞数、淋巴细胞数明显下降,中性粒细胞数明显增加,各剂量组之间有剂量-效应关系,T3、T4有下降趋势,500mg/kgbw组少数动物出现了睪丸发育不良、甲状腺间质增生、肾脏和肝脏部分病理改变。结论:曲酸属低毒物质,长期高剂量使用可能会影响实验动物的生长发育及器官的结构和功能改变。