磷石膏和钾长石制硫酸钾的试验研究

萃取磷酸生产中副产的大量固体废弃物磷石膏已成为制约磷复肥工业发展的重要因素.针对我国可溶性钾矿资源严重匮乏,而钾长石储量丰富,指出了利用磷石膏与钾长石生产硫酸钾具有现实意义.试验研究了 KAlSi3O8—CaSO4—CaCO3体系的配料比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、助剂、焙烧样粒度对焙烧产物中 K2O收率的影响,确定了在 n(KAlSi3O8)∶n(CaSO4)∶n(CaCO3)=2∶1∶6配料比下,最适宜的工艺条件为:焙烧温度1000℃、焙烧时间2.0h、助剂 Na2SO4用量为反应物料总量的7%,焙烧产物粒度为74~84μm(180~200目),钾长石中 K2O收率达90%以上.     

环保型生化黄腐酸复合融雪剂的研究

以生化黄腐酸(BFA)为主要成分制备环保型BFA复合融雪剂。通过融冰性能和冰点考察,筛选获得了BFA钙盐复合物和BFA硝酸铵复合物,配方分别为:m(BAF)∶m(醋酸钙)∶m(氯化钙)=1∶0.7∶1.3和m(BAF)∶m(硝酸铵)=1∶0.8。2种BFA复合物对碳钢腐蚀性和对植物种子相对受害率均符合融雪剂北京市地方标准。总之,BFA融雪剂不仅环境友好,还有益于植物的营养吸收。     

环保型生化黄腐酸复合融雪剂的研究

<正>以生化黄腐酸(BFA)为主要成分制备环保型BFA复合融雪剂。通过对融冰性能和冰点的考察,筛选获得了BFA钙盐复合物和BFA硝酸铵复合物,配方分别为:m(BAF)∶m(醋酸钙)∶m(氯化钙)=1∶0.7∶1.3和m(BAF)∶m(硝酸铵)=1∶0.8。2种BFA复合物对碳钢腐蚀性和对植物种子相对受害率均符合融雪剂北京市地方标准。总之,BFA融雪剂不仅环境友好,还有益于植物的营养吸收。     

转糖苷化法合成烷基糖苷工艺研究

采用转糖苷化法合成烷基糖苷,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度等因素对产率的影响,得到了最佳反应条件:m(催化剂)∶m(丁醇)=0.011∶1;n(正丁醇)∶n(高碳醇)=1∶1;n(丁醇)∶n(葡萄糖)=3∶1。经过H2O2脱色,反应温度为110℃~115℃,反应时间为4 h,葡萄糖的转化率达到98%。实验结果表明:影响产率的主要因素为催化剂和葡萄糖的配料比。     

超高温耐火测温锥的研制探索

目前我国没有高于1 800℃的测温锥,为了填补国内的此项空白,通过相图研究探讨了1 800℃以上的测温锥的成分组成。通过对试锥弯倒温度的测试,说明根据SiO2-Al2O3相图拟定的不同耐火度的超高温测温锥的成分配方是可行的,即:183号锥(1 830℃)的成分配方是m(SiO2)∶m(Al2O3)=0.44∶0.56,185号锥(1 850℃)的是m(SiO2)∶m(Al2O3)=0.41∶0.59,188号锥(1 880℃)的是m(SiO2)∶m(Al2O3)=0.32∶0.68。但由于设备所限,还有待进一步进行系统的试验验证。     

CaO和γ-Al2O3配比对合成片晶状六铝酸钙的影响

以工业级γ-Al2O3和w(CaO)≥99.0%的CaO为原料,按n(Cao)∶n(γ-Al2O3)分别为0.6∶6、0.8∶6、1.0∶6、1.2∶6、1.4∶6配料,经球磨、干燥后,先干压法成型为6 min×6 mm×40 mm的样坯,然后在1 550℃保温3 h煅烧,合成了六铝酸钙材料.采用XRD和SEM分析了烧后试样的物相组成和显微结构,并检测了试样的烧后体积收缩率及烧后试样的显气孔率、体积密度、常温抗折强度.结果表明:1)不同CaO、γ-Al2O3配比的烧后试样的主要物相均为CA6,但富铝配料中有少量的α-Al2O3,富钙配料中有少量的CA2.2)不同CaO、γ-Al2O3配比的烧后试样中的CA6均为片晶状;富铝配料中CA6的片晶状明显,晶体轮廓清晰;富钙配料中Al2O3含量相对不足,CA2未能全部转化为CA6.3)n(CaO)∶n(γ-Al2O3)为0.6∶6的试样的烧后体积收缩率最大;n(CaO)∶n(γ-Al2O3)为1.4∶6的试样的显气孔率最小,体积密度最大;试样的常温抗折强度都较低,以n(CaO)∶n(γ-Al2O3)为0.8∶6的试样最大,为30.9 MPa.     

低品位磷矿与磷化工废料制备烘干球团实验研究

以湿法磷酸淤渣酸及BE材料为黏结剂,利用黄磷生产筛下粉矿与低品位磷矿制备黄磷入炉烘干球团,确定混合矿配料方案、干燥方式及时间、黏结剂用量等.结果表明,在m(低品位磷矿)∶m(黄磷生产筛下粉矿)=45∶55、100℃烘干2 h、黏结剂添加量为混合矿质量的10％条件下,所制得烘干球团w(P2O5)为23.98％,w(SiO...     

利用煤矸石代替部分硅砂生产水泥熟料

煤矸石是洗煤厂排出的一种工业废渣,因其化学成份中 SiO2、 Al2O3含量高,且残存有部分煤,因此利用煤矸石代替部分硅砂生产水泥熟料不但能达到变废为宝的目的,而且还能达到提高熟料产量和降低熟料煤耗的效果。本文就我厂 3.5m× 145m湿法窑利用煤矸石代替部分硅砂生产水泥熟料的生产实践作一介绍。 1配料方案 我厂生产中一直采用三组分配料方案,其配比为石灰石∶硅砂∶铁粉 =89∶ 7∶ 4。利用煤矸石代替部分硅砂生产后,就采用了四组分配料。其四种原料配比为：石灰石∶硅砂∶生煤矸石∶铁粉 =86∶ 2∶ 10∶ 2。生产用原燃料化学…     

低硫可膨胀石墨的制备

采用乙酸酐为插入剂,H2O2和K2Cr2O7为氧化剂制备低硫可膨胀石墨。最佳实验条件:m(石墨)∶m(乙酸酐)∶m(浓硫酸)∶m(H2O2)∶m(K2Cr2O7)=1∶1 4∶0 5∶0 12∶0 12;反应时间为1h;反应温度为45℃。制备出的可膨胀石墨膨胀后体积达到280mL/g,含硫量w(S)=0 11%。     

农户不要误信受骗根本不存在“磷酸三铵”商品肥料

磷酸铵(简称磷铵)是用磷酸和氨为原料制成的氮磷复合肥料。根据加氨量的多少,可以分别形成磷酸一铵NH4 H2 PO4 、磷酸二铵(NH4 ) 2 HPO4 和磷酸三铵(NH4 ) 3PO4 3种化合物。1　3种化合物(纯品)的总养分含量(见表1)表1　3种化合物的养分含量化合物名称养分含量/ %w( N) w( P2 O5) w( N+P2 O5)氮磷比m( N)∶m( P2 O5)磷酸一铵12 .2 61.7 73 .91∶5 .1磷酸二铵2 1.2 5 3 .875 .0 1∶2 .5磷酸三铵2 8.64 8.3 76.91∶1.7由表1可见,3种化合物的总养分含量均在74 %～77%之间,基本相近。只是其中m(N) / m(P2 O5)不同,磷酸一铵的m(N)∶m(…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。