快速多维标度算法研究

经典多维标度法(classical multidimensional scaling,CMDS)是一种常用的数据降维和可视化方法。随着数据规模的扩大,CMDS的运算时间急剧增加。为了提高CMDS的计算速度,研究了3种适用于不同距离矩阵的快速算法。通过预先确定枢轴,减少了不必要的距离计算,提出了一种基于FastMap的快速算法。基于分而治之策略,提出了一种新的算法dc MDS(divide-and-conquer based MDS)。通过合理地选择标志点集,确保LMDS(landmark multidimensional scaling)能得到与CMDS一致的解。当样本内在维数远小于样本个数时,这些算法都能得到与CMDS完全一致的解,并且在速度上有大幅提高。实验证实了这3种算法与CMDS的一致性以及高效性。     

基于分布式的多维定标定位算法

针对经典多维定标的MDS-MAP算法在定位精度与矩阵计算复杂度方面的不足,提出一种基于分布式的MDS定位算法.该算法通过采用测定距离量化的方法,得到节点的近邻向量(CNV),然后通过一定的估算算法得到距离矩阵D,从而实现节点定位的分布式计算.通过理论分析和仿真实验表明,这种改进算法能够实现高精度节点定位.     

子空间搜索广义主成分分析

GPCA(Generalized Principal Component Analysis)是近几年提出的一种数据聚类和降维方法,它通过将样本聚类为不同的子空间得到样本的低维表达.GPCA方法已经被应用于图像分割、图像聚类等问题.原有的GPCA算法具有指数计算复杂度,很难应用于高维数据的实际处理.文中针对此问题,提出了基于子空间搜索的SGPCA算法,将聚类问题分解为单个平面的单个垂直向量的搜索问题,对不同子空间分别搜索,从而实现多项式复杂度算法.实验表明,新方法不仅计算复杂度低,而且对噪声的鲁棒性也更强.     

非监督子空间学习中关联度量多维尺度分析

多维尺度分析已经在维度约减和数据挖掘领域得到了广泛应用。MDS的主要缺点是其定义在训练数据上,对于新的测试样本无法直接获得映射结果。另外,MDS基于欧氏距离度量,不适合获取相似数据中的非线性流形结构。将MDS扩展到关联度量空间,称为关联度量多维尺度分析(CMDS)。与传统MDS在训练数据中完成映射,进而缩小空间范围相比,CMDS 能够直接获得测试样本映射结果。此外,CMDS基于关联度量,能够有效学习相似数据中的非线性流形结构。理论分析表明,CMDS可以利用核方法扩展到新特征空间,解决非线性问题。实验结果表明,CMDS及其核形式KG-CMDS性能优于常用传统降维方法。     

基于随机矩阵变换的快速PCA算法

主成分分析PCA（PrincipleComponentAnalysis）是一种重要的分析方法,广泛应用于图像检索、机器学习、模式识别等领域。随着近年来数据维数越来越大,算法的稳定性、时间复杂度和内存使用成了PCA进一步应用所必须要解决的问题。为此提出一种快速算法,该算法利用随机矩阵构造卷数据降维矩阵,在保持点与点之间“核距离”不变的情况下,将待分解矩阵变换成一个低维矩阵。在没有偏差的情况下,将对原始大矩阵的分解变成对这个低维矩阵的分解,大幅降低了时间复杂度,减少了对内存的使用,同时增加了算法的稳定性,从而在根本上解决了上述3个问题。     

三维欧氏距离变换的一种新方法

常见的三维距离变换算法大都是对城市街区、棋盘等二维近似欧氏距离变换算法的三维扩展,得到的依然是近似欧氏距离.提出一种新的三维欧氏距离变换算法,可以得到完全欧氏距离,时间复杂度为O(n3logn).将该算法应用于三维医学CT图像内部软组织的显示,取得了较好的效果.     

基于改进的等距离映射算法的人脸识别

针对等距离映射(Isomap)算法在处理扰动图像时拓扑结构不稳定的缺点,提出了一种改进算法。改进算法将图像欧氏距离(IMED)嵌入到等距离映射算法之中。首先引入坐标度量系数计算图像的坐标度量矩阵,通过线性变换将原始图像从欧氏距离(ED)空间转换到图像欧氏距离空间;然后计算变换空间中样本的欧氏距离矩阵,并在此基础上构建样本邻域图,得到近似测地距离矩阵;最后采用多维标度(MDS)分析算法构造样本的低维表示。对ORL和Yale人脸数据库降维并结合最近邻分类器进行实验,基于改进算法的识别率平均分别提高了5.57%和3.95%,表明与原算法相比,改进算法在人脸识别中对图像扰动具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于等角映射的多样本增量流形学习算法

目前一些经典的降维流形学习方法以距离来度量数据间的相似度,难以处理噪音造成的子空间偏离.针对此问题,文中提出一种基于等角映射的多样本增量流形学习算法,将以样本均值为中心的高维样本数据的协方差矩阵变为以邻域均值为中心的协方差矩阵,消除基于距离度量对子空间带来的误差,并对协方差矩阵进行加权,减少不规则新增样本或噪音对降维造成的影响.实验证明该算法与其他算法相比,具有更好的抗噪能力及降维效果,可更好地应用于图像识别问题.     

一种基于特征子空间的改进动态核主元分析方法 *

针对传统的动态核主成分分析(Dynamic Kernel Principal Component Analysis)用于大样本数据集的故障检测时,占用计算机内存大、计算复杂度高等不足,提出一种基于特征子空间的DKPCA算法。该方法通过构建具有较小维数特征子空间上的正交基来简化核矩阵K,从而降低DKPCA的计算复杂性。与DKPCA方法相比,该方法具有更高的计算效率且只需较小的计算机存储空间。将该方法应用于TE(Tennessee Eastman)过程,仿真结果显示,二者诊断结果大致相同,而所需时间大大减小,说明了本算法的有效性。     

最长公共子序列问题的改进快速算法

现在几个最常用的解决最长公共子序列(LCS)问题的算法的时间复杂度分别是O(pn),O(n(m-p)).这里m、n为两个待比较字符串的长度,p是最长公共子串的长度.给出一种时间复杂度为O(p(m-p)),空间复杂度为O(m+n)的算法.与以前的算法相比,不管在p<相似文献   

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.