模糊C均值聚类图像分割的改进遗传算法研究

基于模糊C均值（FCM）聚类算法,并利用遗传算法全局随机搜索的特点,提出了一种图像分割的改进遗传算法。该算法首先采用一种初值化算法确定合适的遗传算法的初始搜索范围,然后对遗传算法中的编码方式、交叉算子、变异算子等参数进行了一些适当改进,进而给出了该算法的理论推导和算法的具体实现步骤。该算法除了解决模糊C均值聚类算法在医学图像分割中容易陷入局部最优解的问题,而且采用的初值化算法比标准的遗传模糊C均值聚类算法能确定更合适的遗传算法的初始搜索范围,从而加速了遗传算法的收敛过程。实验表明,该方法相对于标准的遗传模糊C均值聚类算法,效果要好得多。     

多车场洒水车路径问题的双层遗传算法

论文提出了一种新的遗传算法对有多个加水点的洒水车服务路线问题进行优化求解,给出了一种多车场车辆弧路径问题的数学模型,并对传统遗传算法的染色体编码机制和种群结构进行了改进,设计了一种解决多车场车辆弧路径问题的双层遗传算法,可以表示出各车场出动的车辆及路径,与人工安排的方案进行比较,安排效率高,总行驶路程缩短15％以上,车辆行驶路线更为合理,有效地实现多车场车辆弧路径问题的优化。     

带软时间窗的多车场开放式车辆调度

带软时间窗的多车场开放式车辆调度问题是在开放式车辆路径问题的基础上,考虑了多车场和客户服务时间的约束,是一类典型的NP难解问题。针对该问题,提出了一种改进的蚁群算法求解方案,并建立了相应的数学模型。首先通过设置一个虚拟车场将多车场VRP转化为单车场VRP,然后利用参数控制的改进蚁群算法与2-opt算法结合来对模型求解。算法先利用K-means与细菌觅食算法相结合的聚类技术判断蚁群状态,进而动态调整算法参数,使其快速收敛到全局最优解附近,再依据混沌理论的特点来调整参数,使其跳出局部最优。最后,再利用2-opt算法对最优解进行优化。实验结果验证了该算法求解MDOVRPSTW问题的有效性。     

求解非满载车辆调度问题的改进遗传算法

车辆路径问题(VRP)是一个典型的NP问题,采用传统方法求解往往找不到满意解.在分析现有求解该问题的遗传算法的基础上,对现有的变异算子进行了改进,并设计了基于自然数编码的遗传算法,用来求解非满载的车辆路径问题.计算结果表明,该算法可以更有效地求得车辆路径问题的优化解,是解决车辆路径问题的有效方法.     

带时间窗的多车场车辆路径优化的粒子群算法

带时间窗的多车场车辆路径问题在基本车辆路径问题的基础上增加了“多车场”与“时间窗”两个约束条件,是一个典型的NP难解问题。将粒子群算法应用于带时间窗的多车场车辆路径优化问题,构造了一种适用于求解车辆路径问题的粒子编码方法,建立了相应的数学模型,在此基础上设计了相应的算法。算例通过和遗传算法、蚁群算法进行比较,证明了其搜索速度和寻优能力的优越性。     

车辆路径问题的改进的双种群遗传算法

提出了一种基于车辆路径问题的改进双种群遗传算法.该改进双种群遗传算法主要通过两个种群同时进行进化操作,并结合新交叉算子和种群交叉策略,以克服传统双种群遗传算法在求解车辆路径问题上所存在的不足.通过仿真实验,将改进的双种群遗传算法与其它几种遗传算法进行比较,改进的双种群遗传算法比其它几种遗传算法显著提高了优化效果.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效求得该问题的优化解,是解决车辆路径问题的好方法.     

基于混合算法的环形轨道RGV系统调度优化研究

针对自动化仓库中环形轨道RGV（有轨制导车辆）调度问题,以任务最短完成时间为目标,分析其主要影响因素。在此基础上提出路径最短和堵塞次数最少两个优化目标,并建立数学模型,设计基于规则的遗传算法求解。使用自适应的交叉变异概率代替传统遗传算法中的固定参数,改善遗传算法易陷入局部最优解的现象。同时,为解决多目标优化求解问题,提出了改进的自适应权重的求解方案。通过Matlab仿真实验分析比较算法性能,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于模糊时间窗的多目标冷链配送优化

随着生鲜冷链行业竞争逐渐白热化,成本高、时效性强、新鲜度难以保持等问题已成为制约冷链物流配送的瓶颈。为提高生鲜配送效率,考虑客户满意度,以货损成本、惩罚成本等综合配送成本最低为目标函数,构建了一个多目标配送路径优化模型。设计带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法（Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm,NSGA-II）求解该问题,利用Solomon标准数据集进行仿真模拟实验。实验结果对比分析表明,考虑满意度时冷链物流配送所需车辆更少,总路径长度更短,设计的算法可以在较短的时间内获取到帕累托最优解集,能够有效地解决模糊时间窗下的配送路径优化问题。     

多车场多目标开放式物流配送车辆调度问题的研究

为了优化现代物流中的车辆调度问题,文章针对多车场开放式物流配送车辆调度问题,建立了一种灵活的多目标组合优化模型,此模型可以方便地增减优化目标值;设计了适合多车场开放式车辆路径问题的通用染色体编码方案,并对遗传算法中的交叉变异操作做了详细说明,最终得到了多车场多目标开放式物流配送中车辆调度的优化策略;通过真实的测试用例验证了项目设计的优化模型和遗传算法在解决多车场多目标开放式物流配送车辆调度问题中的可行性.     

基于两阶段求解算法的动态车辆调度问题研究

在分析需求动态变化的基础上,根据需求信息的提出顺序,将动态配送问题转换成不同时刻的静态车辆调度问题,建立基于时间轴的动态车辆调度模型;利用量子理论改进遗传算法,设计量子遗传算法;针对动态车辆调度问题实时性强的特点,设计＂初始优化阶段＋实时优化阶段＂的两阶段求解策略,通过信息更新插入动态需求客户,并对已产生的计划路径进行局部优化调整.通过仿真计算,验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

A fuzzy-based customer clustering approach with hierarchical structure for logistics network optimization

Customer clustering is an essential step to reduce the complexity of large-scale logistics network optimization. By properly grouping those customers with similar characteristics, logistics operators are able to reduce operational costs and improve customer satisfaction levels. However, due to the heterogeneity and high-dimension of customers’ characteristics, the customer clustering problem has not been widely studied. This paper presents a fuzzy-based customer clustering algorithm with a hierarchical analysis structure to address this issue. Customers’ characteristics are represented using linguistic variables under major and minor criteria, and then, fuzzy integration method is used to map the sub-criteria into the higher hierarchical criteria based on the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. A fuzzy clustering algorithm based on Axiomatic Fuzzy Set is developed to group the customers into multiple clusters. The clustering validity index is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and find the optimal clustering solution. Results from a case study in Anshun, China reveal that the proposed approach outperforms the other three prevailing algorithms to resolve the customer clustering problem. The proposed approach also demonstrates its capability of capturing the similarity and distinguishing the difference among customers. The tentative clustered regions, determined by five decision makers in Anshun City, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The validation results indicate that the clustered results from the proposed method match the actual clustered regions from the real world well. The proposed algorithm can be readily implemented in practice to help the logistics operators reduce operational costs and improve customer satisfaction levels. In addition, the proposed algorithm is potential to apply in other research domains.     

METAHEURISTIC APPROACH FOR THE MULTI-DEPOT VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM

Distribution logistics comprises all activities related to the provision of finished products and merchandise to a customer. The focal point of distribution logistics is the shipment of goods from the manufacturer to the consumer. The products can be delivered to a customer directly either from the production facility or from the trader's stock located close to the production site or, probably, via additional regional distribution warehouses. These kinds of distribution logistics are mathematically represented as a vehicle routing problem (VRP), a well-known nondeterministic polynomial time (NP)-hard problem of operations research. VRP is more suited for applications having one warehouse. In reality, however, many companies and industries possess more than one distribution warehouse. These kinds of problems can be solved with an extension of VRP called multi-depot VRP (MDVRP). MDVRP is an NP-hard and combinatorial optimization problem. MDVRP is an important and challenging problem in logistics management. It can be solved using a search algorithm or metaheuristic and can be viewed as searching for the best element in a set of discrete items. In this article, cluster first and route second methodology is adapted and metaheuristics genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to solve MDVRP. A hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) for solving MDVRP is also proposed. In HPSO, the initial particles are generated based on the k-means clustering and nearest neighbor heuristic (NNH). The particles are decoded into clusters and multiple routes are generated within the clusters. The 2-opt local search heuristic is used for optimizing the routes obtained; then the results are compared with GA and PSO for randomly generated problem instances. The home delivery pharmacy program and waste-collection problem are considered as case studies in this paper. The algorithm is implemented using MATLAB 7.0.1.     

多物流中心共同配送的车辆路径问题研究

研究多物流中心共同配送的车辆路径问题。首先考虑客户服务关系变化与客户需求的异质性情况,设计一种共享客户需求、配送车辆与物流中心的共享物流模式;再综合考虑车辆容量、油耗、碳排放、最长行驶时间、客户需求量与服务时间等因素,以总成本最小为目标构建多物流中心共同配送的车辆路径规划模型,并设计一种改进蚁群算法进行求解;最后采用多类型算例进行仿真实验,结果表明共享物流模式能有效避免交叉配送与迂回运输等不合理现象,降低物流成本,缩短车辆行驶距离,减少车辆碳排放,促进物流与环境的和谐发展。     

模糊需求下绿色同时取送货问题与算法研究

研究绿色同时取送货车辆调度问题,提出改进的遗传禁忌搜索算法（Genetic Algorithm with Tabu Search,GA-TS）求解该问题。模型中,以服务成本、油耗成本和碳排放成本构成的总成本最小为目标,采用了综合模型计算油耗和碳排放成本,引入三角模糊数来描述客户需求的不确定性,并考虑同时取送货需求。在改进的GA-TS算法中,将惩罚因子引入适应度函数,采用结合精英策略的选择算子,提出结合禁忌搜索算法的变异算子。在案例分析中,采用田口分析法获取合理的参数设置,通过案例结果分析和算法对比分析验证模型和算法的有效性和先进性。     

Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm and its multi-phase model for multi-depot vehicle routing problem

In the present work, an improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) and its multi-phase model are presented to solve the multi-depots vehicle routing problems (MDVRPs). To further improve the local search ability of SFLA and speed up convergence, a Power Law Extremal Optimization Neighborhood Search (PLEONS) is introduced to SFLA. In the multi-phase model, firstly the proposed algorithm generates some clusters randomly to perform the clustering analyses considering the depots as the centroids of the clusters for all the customers of MDVRP. Afterward, it implements the local depth search using the SFLA for every cluster, and then globally re-adjusts the solutions, i.e., rectifies the positions of all frogs by PLEONS. In the next step, a new clustering analyses is performed to generate new clusters according to the best solution achieved by the preceding process. The improved path information is inherited to the new clusters, and the local search using SFLA for every cluster is used again. The processes continue until the convergence criterions are satisfied. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm possesses outstanding performance to solve the MDVRP and the MDVRP with time windows.     

多车场车辆路径问题的遗传算法

给出了多车场车辆路径问题(MDVRP)的数学模型,提出一种基于客户的编码表示方式,可以表示出各车场出动的车辆及路径,能够有效地实现MDVRP的优化,并用计算实例进行了验证。     

基于改进多目标萤火虫算法的模糊聚类

针对传统的模糊聚类算法大都针对单一目标函数的优化,而无法获得更全面、更准确的聚类结果的问题,提出一种基于改进多目标萤火虫优化算法的模糊聚类方法。首先在多目标萤火虫算法中引入一种动态调整的变异机制以获得更加均匀分布的非劣解,其中以动态减小的概率选择个体并采用类似于差分进化算法中变异算子的策略对其进行变异,通过自适应调整收缩因子以提高变异效率。然后当归档集中的最优解集充满时,从中选取一定量的解与当前种群组合进行下一次进化,使得算法具有更高的效率。最后将其运用到模糊聚类问题中,通过同时优化两个模糊聚类指标的目标函数并从最终的归档集中选取一个解确定聚类结果。采用5组数据进行实验的结果表明,相对于单目标聚类方法,所提方法对各种数据集的聚类有效性指标提高了2到8个百分点,具有更高的聚类准确性和更好的综合性能。     

基于end-to-end深度强化学习的多车场车辆路径优化

为提高多车场车辆路径问题(multi-depot vehicle routing problem, MDVRP)的求解效率,提出了端到端的深度强化学习框架。首先,将MDVRP建模为马尔可夫决策过程(Markov decision process, MDP),包括对其状态、动作、收益的定义;同时,提出了改进图注意力网络(graph attention network, GAT)作为编码器对MDVRP的图表示进行特征嵌入编码,设计了基于Transformer的解码器;采用改进REINFORCE算法来训练该模型,该模型不受图的大小约束,即其一旦完成训练,就可用于求解任意车场和客户数量的算例问题。最后,通过随机生成的算例和公开的标准算例验证了所提出框架的可行性和有效性,即使在求解客户节点数为100的MDVRP上,经训练的模型平均仅需2 ms即可得到与现有方法相比更具优势的解。     

基于偏好的客户模糊聚类方法

在电子商务环境下,如何按照顾客的购买兴趣进行聚类分析并为其提供个性化服务,是电子商务应用中研究的热点课题之一时.顾客的浏览行为及兴趣进行了研究,提出了利用偏好度的方法来度量顾客的兴趣度,在此基础上给出了基于偏好的客户群聚类算法.在该算法中,依据Web日志数据计算顾客偏好度,建立偏好度矩阵,再利用模糊聚类方法对顾客进行聚类.并用实例说明了具体的聚类过程.     

Modular configuration of service elements based on the improved K‐means algorithm

To reduce the vagueness and subjectivity of customer demand in the process of product–service system design, a fuzzy semantic calculation method is proposed to obtain the importance of service demand. In addition, according to the demand of the clustering of service modules, a new clustering method is proposed to analyse discrete data based on the improved K‐means algorithm that is based on the Kruskal algorithm. According to the criterion of the service module division and its weight, the correlation coefficient between any two service activities is judged to form the comprehensive correlation coefficient matrix, and the comprehensive dissimilarity matrix can be obtained by the additive model. Then, this method calculates the minimum cost spanning tree (MCST) using the Kruskal algorithm. The different clusters of service activities with different centres can be found based on the MCST, and the edge values can be calculated by the improved K‐means algorithm. This paper uses 28 service activities of excavators. These activities can be divided into K (K = 4, 5, 6, and 7) clusters by the improved K‐means algorithm. Finally, the service element configuration model is established based on the demand weight, which is optimized by using the maximum customer satisfaction of competition.