MIMO阵列恒定包络波形设计

提出了MIMO阵列系统利用白高斯随机过程设计恒定包络波形算法,实现给定发射波形的协方差矩阵.该算法首先对白高斯随机过程去白化得到高斯随机变量,建立恒定包络波形相关矩阵与高斯随机变量相关矩阵之间的关系,再采用无记忆性非线性投影函数把高斯随机变量投影到恒定包络随机变量,从而解出恒定包络波形.与现有的阵列系统波形设计算法相比...     

YIG Filters as Envelope Limiters

Envelope limiters are used in such applications as FM demodulation and power leveling. Recently, the envelope-limiting properties of yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) filters were reported for the special cases of unmodulated and pulsed input signals. Measured data is presented hereon the response of a YIG limiter to AM carriers having modulation index of the order of 50 percent. Sinusoidal, square-wave, and low-pass noise modulating signals were used in the measurements. It was found that a YIG filter will give good envelope Iimiting for modulating frequencies in the submegacycle range. At these low frequencies the carrier and the side frequencies are not limited selectively. At higher modulating frequencies where the limiting is frequency selective, the YIG filter will not remove the variations. In fact, in the particular filter tested, the modulation index was increased, rather than decreased, at modulating frequencies greater than about 750 kc/s. A graph is given showing the measured factor of reduction (or increase) of modulation index, as a function of modulating frequency. The response of the limiter as a function of carrier frequency, modulating frequency, and input power is shown by oscilloscope displays produced by sweeping the carrier frequency or input power. In addition, selected photographs of output envelope waveforms are given.     

The class BD high-efficiency RF power amplifier

Class B and class D operation of the same RF power amplifier circuit is not normally possible because of constraints imposed by the tuned output circuit and DC power input circuit. The use of square-wave drive in a current switching class D RF amplifier circuit allows the amplifier to move gradually from current source to current switch operation. This amplifier, called class BD, has a linear transfer characteristic (drive envelope to output envelope) and an efficiency 1.23 times that of a class B RF amplifier with the same peak output. The addition of a resistive AC current path to ground in the DC power input circuit of the class BD RF amplifier allows operation with sinewave driving waveforms. While this lowers the efficiency at the peak output, it can raise it at lower outputs, making possible a factor of 1.57 improvement in efficiency in the amplification of signals with large peak-to-average ratios. The class BD RF amplifier may therefore be used as a broad-band replacement for a Doherty-type amplifier.     

Design of robust envelope-constrained filter with orthonormal bases

In the continuous-time envelope-constrained (EC) filtering problem using an orthonormal filter structure, the aim is to synthesize an orthonormal filter such that the noise enhancement is minimized while the noiseless output response of the filter with respect to a specified input signal stays within the upper and lower bounds of the envelope. The noiseless output response of the optimum filter to the prescribed input signal touches the output boundaries at some points. Consequently, any disturbance in the prescribed input signal or error in the implementation of the optimal filter will result in the output constraints being violated. In this paper, we review a semi-infinite envelope-constrained filtering problem in which the constraint robustness margin of the filter is maximized, subject to a specified allowable increase in the optimal noisy power gain. Using a smoothing technique, it is shown that the solution of the optimization problem can be obtained by solving a sequence of strictly convex optimization problems with integral cost. An efficient optimization algorithm is developed based on a combination of the golden section search method and the quasi-Newton method     

自积分式脉冲磁场传感器的补偿研究

自积分式磁场传感器用于脉冲场测量时，普遍存在低频失真问题，本文提出一种数字滤波的方案对传感器的低频特性进行补偿。滤波器采用无限冲激响应滤波器的形式，并以系统辨识的方法直接在时域进行设计，应用结果表明，该滤波器能有效地修复失真波形，使传感器的响应特性得到显著改善。     

Continuous-time envelope constrained filter design via orthonormalfilters

The envelope constrained (EC) filtering problem is concerned with designing a filter which minimises the gain to input noise while its response to a given signal fits into a prescribed envelope. This problem had been formulated as a constrained optimisation problem in Hilbert space. By restricting these filters to the span of a finite orthonormal set, the EC filtering problem can be posed as a finite dimensional optimisation problem with a continuum of constraints. The constrained problem is approximated by an unconstrained problem which is then solved by descent direction based algorithms. It is shown that these algorithms converge globally, and one in particular has a quadratic rate of convergence. Numerical examples using the orthonormal Laguerre series approximation are studied     

Phase-staggering control of a series-resonant DC-DC converter withparalleled power modules

A method of decreasing the ripple on the output voltage of high-power AC-DC or DC-DC series-resonant converters without increasing the internal converter frequency or the capacity of the energy storage elements is discussed. This improvement is accomplished by subdividing the converter into two or more series-resonant power modules operated with a constant relative phase shift (phase-staggering control). The method of eliminating the harmonic components in the input and output currents of the conversion system, without increasing the internal pulse frequency, is justified by Fourier analysis of the current waveforms. The frequency spectra of the source and output waveforms for the continuous and discontinuous resonant current mode are shifted to higher frequency ranges, as computations show for both one single module and multiple paralleled modules. Inadequacies in the phase-staggering control method applied to series-resonant converters are indicated in relation to the dominant harmonic component, in particular for two modules and supported by experimentally acquired waveforms. High-frequency current components to the source and to the load are reduced. Resulting in smaller input and output filters. This improves the resolution of the control of the flow of energy from the source to the load, resulting in a faster system response     

A min, + system theory for constrained traffic regulation and dynamic service guarantees

By extending the system theory under the (min, +) algebra to the time-varying setting, we solve the problem of constrained traffic regulation and develop a calculus for dynamic service guarantees. For a constrained traffic-regulation problem with maximum tolerable delay d and maximum buffer size q, the optimal regulator that generates the output traffic conforming to a subadditive envelope f and minimizes the number of discarded packets is a concatenation of the g-clipper with g(t) = min[f(t+ d), f (t)+q] and the maximal f-regulator. The g-clipper is a bufferless device, which optimally drops packets as necessary in order that its output be conformant to an envelope g. The maximal f-regulator is a buffered device that delays packets as necessary in order that its output be conformant to an envelope f. The maximal f-regulator is a linear time-invariant filter with impulse response f, under the (min, +) algebra. To provide dynamic service guarantees in a network, we develop the concept of a dynamic server as a basic network element. Dynamic servers can be joined by concatenation, "filter bank summation," and feedback to form a composite dynamic server. We also show that dynamic service guarantees for multiple input streams sharing a work-conserving link can be achieved by a dynamic service curve earliest deadline scheduling algorithm, if an appropriate admission control is enforced.     

采用SOA-Sagnac光纤干涉仪的AOWC研究与实验

对采用SOA—sagnac光纤干涉仪的全光波长变换器(AOWC)从理论上进行了较为详细的研究，首次根据光路合成法求出SOA—Sagnac光纤干涉仪的响应函数。并构成了一套实验系统，测量了SOA的增益、带宽与输入光功率的关系，测量了输出信号的消光比以及输入、输出信号的波形和眼图。并对它们进行了比较。     

基于不确定集的稳健MIMO雷达波形设计算法

针对雷达目标回波信号存在不确定性导致MIMO雷达波形优化设计性能下降问题,该文提出一种扁平椭球不确定集约束下的稳健自适应发射-接收波形联合优化设计方法。首先将目标脉冲响应的误差推广到更为一般的扁平椭球不确定集约束条件,并利用Lagrange乘子法对优化过程进行推导,得出扁平椭球不确定集约束下的闭式表达式。其次为了提高目标脉冲响应不确定集范围较大时的优化性能,采用了迭代鲁棒最小方差法进行求解(IRMVB),求得更为精确的目标脉冲响应,提高了SINR改善性能。然后进一步分析了基于扁平椭球不确定集约束条件与球体约束条件优化问题的内在联系,推导得出该文求解过程为广义对角加载方法。最后通过仿真实验表明所提算法对于目标回波信号不确定性具有更高的稳健性。     

三态门逻辑功能的Multisim仿真方案

介绍了用Multisim仿真软件分析三态门工作过程的方法,目的是探索三态门工作波形的仿真实验技术,即用Multisim仿真软件中的字组产生器产生三态门的控制信号及输入信号,用Multisim中示波器、逻辑分析仪多踪同步显示三态门的各个输入信号及输出信号波形。并介绍了不同工作条件下仿真时Multisim中字组产生器的设置方法、字组产生器的字组内容如何反映三态门输入端的不同输入情况。结论是可直观形象地描述三态门的工作过程。所述方法的创新点是解决了三态门的工作波形无法用电子实验仪器进行分析验证的问题。     

Multiple signal extraction by multiple interference attenuation in the presence of random noise in seismic array data

A vector of digital filters is derived for the multichannel processing of the signals acquired by an array of sensors with the objective of extracting multiple desired signals by the attenuation of multiple interferences and random noise. The signals and interferences are assumed to have arbitrary waveforms with no a priori knowledge of these waveforms. The time duration of the recorded array data is assumed to be long enough to incorporate all time delayed propagated waveforms at the sensors of the array. The derivation is for the general case of an arbitrary array geometric configuration and is not confined to the special case of a linear array of equispaced sensors. The rationale adopted in the derivation of the filters is to give first priority at each discrete frequency to passing the signals, a second priority to canceling the interferences, and a third priority to attenuating the random noise. This rationale well suits the case of seismic data that are dominantly corrupted by strong interferences rather than random noise. Solving a constrained minimization problem derives the vector of array filters. The computation of this vector requires the application of a powerful matrix decomposition technique for the detection of any redundant and/or inconsistent constraints at each discrete frequency. The simulation results demonstrate the extraction ability of the derived filters in both the multiple input single output and the multiple input multiple output processing schemes.     

Envelope constrained filter with linear interpolator

The envelope constrained (EC) filtering problem is the minimization of the noise gain of the filter while satisfying the constraint that its noiseless response to a specified input lies within a prescribed envelope. Using a hybrid filter consisting of an A/D converter, an FIR filter, and a linear interpolator, the problem is posed as a functional inequality constrained optimization problem. A technique for solving this problem is proposed by approximating it with a conventional unconstrained optimization problem that is then solved by a descent direction-based algorithm     

Phase and amplitude comparison between experiment and calculation of ultrabroad-band pulses generated in a taper fiber

Using a cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating apparatus, the phases and amplitudes of ultrabroad-band optical pulses from a taper fiber have been measured for various input pulse peak powers. The measured waveforms have been compared with calculated waveforms using a finite-difference in the frequency domain method, in which no envelope approximations were used and the variation of the taper shape was taken into account. Excellent agreement between the measured and the calculated waveforms was obtained when the additional dispersion of a normal fiber and an objective was considered.     

Test Generation for Mixed-Signal Devices Using Signal Flow Graphs

We describe a new reverse simulation approach to analog and mixed-signal circuit test generation that parallels digital test generation. We invert the analog circuit signal flow graph, reverse simulate it with good and bad machine outputs, and obtain test waveforms and component tolerances, given circuit output tolerances specified by the functional test needs of the designer. The inverted graph allows backtracing to justify analog outputs with analog input sinusoids. Mixed-signal circuits can be tested using this approach, and we present test generation results for two mixed-signal circuits and four analog circuits, one being a multiple-input, multiple-output circuit. This analog backtrace method can generate tests for second-order analog circuits and certain non-linear circuits. These cannot be handled by existing methods, which lack a fault model and a backtrace method. Our proposed method also defines the necessary tolerances on circuit structural components, in order to keep the output circuit signal within the envelope specified by the designer. This avoids the problem of overspecifying analog circuit component tolerances, and reduces cost. We prove that our parametric fault tests also detect all catastrophic faults. Unlike prior methods, ours is a structural, rather than functional, analog test generation method.     

On the rms bandwidth of nonlinearly envelope detected narrow-band Gaussian noise

This paper determines the relationship between the rms bandwidth of the envelope of a narrow-band Gaussian process and the rms bandwidth of the process itself for a general nonlinear (no-memory) envelope detector. The interesting result is shown that the output rms bandwidth depends only on the input rms bandwidth and the nonlinear device and not on the shape of the input spectrum. As an illustrative example, it is shown that the rms bandwidth of the output of anuth-law envelope detector issqrt{nu/2}times the rms bandwidth of the input process. Some attention is given to the determination of higher moments of the output spectrum in terms of moments of the input spectrum.     

Four-Wave Mixing of Pulsed Signal in Dispersion-Shifted Fiber With Pump Depletion

The output signal and idler pulses generated by dispersion-shifted-fiber-based four-wave mixing (FWM) with pulsed signal input are analyzed. A set of analytical expressions for the amplitude and phase of the output pulses is derived. Analytical analysis shows that the generated idler pulse is far away from the phase conjugation of the input signal, and that the output signal is not an amplified replica of the input signal. These phenomena are due to both the phase distortion caused by self- and cross-phase modulation and the temporal envelope broadening resulting from pump depletion. Besides, in the frequency domain, the spectral inversion between signal/idler will be destroyed. The implications of the phase and shape distortions in all-optical signal processing by FWM are discussed. The induced phase distortions of idler pulses in dual pumps case are found to be much smaller than those of the single-pump case.     

Selection of Input Stimulus for Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuits Using ARMA Model

The paper addresses the problem of fault diagnosis of analog circuits based on dictionary approach. The proposed approach first identifies an adequate set of test frequencies to optimize the process of detection and isolation of simulated fault scenarios. The circuit under test (CUT) is then excited by an input stimulus composed of a set of sinusoidal waveforms with the selected test frequencies. The circuit response, at different fault scenarios, is preprocessed by an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model to yield a set of features formulating the fault dictionary. Collected features are utilized to train and test a back-propagation (BP) neural network (NN) based classifier. Demonstrative results from soft fault simulation of two active circuit examples prove the excellent effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Envelope-constrained H2 FIR filter design

In this paper, we consider an envelope-constrained (EC)H ₂ optimal finite impulse response (FIR) filtering problem. Our aim is to design a filter such that theH ₂ norm of the filtering error transfer function is minimized subject to the constraint that the filter output with a given input to the signal system is contained or bounded by a prescribed envelope. The filter design problem is formulated as a standard optimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. Furthermore, by relaxing theH ₂ norm constraint, we propose a robust ECFIR filter design algorithm based on the LMI approach.     

Combined Linear and $Delta$-Modulated Switch-Mode PA Supply Modulator for Polar Transmitters

A combined linear and delta-modulated (DeltaM) switch-mode PA supply modulator for polar transmitters in wireless handsets is designed in a 0.25 mum CMOS process. The modulator employs a DeltaM switch-mode DC-DC buck converter to enhance the efficiency of a linear regulator at backed-off supply voltages and powers. The delta-modulator's noise-shaping characteristic, linear regulator's power supply rejection, digital pre-emphasis of the input envelope, and a closed-loop amplitude path from the PA output are simultaneously used to achieve state-of-the-art modulator performance. The presented supply modulator follows the input signal's envelope with 20 dB output dynamic range, maximum efficiency of 75.5% at an output power of 30.8 dBm, and 75 dB SFDR for envelope signals up to 4 MHz occupied RF bandwidth. For a 1625 kb/s 8 PSK RF input signal at 900 MHz, polar modulation of a commercial low-power GSM-900 PA provides 10 dB ACPR improvement.