"V"型内锥式流量计的应用前景

长期以来,标准孔板由于其发展技术成熟、标准化程度高、结构简单等特点在过热蒸汽流量计量中得到非常广泛的应用.然而,孔板流量计存在着一些固有的缺陷,如流出系数不稳定、线形差、重复性不高、准确度受客观因素制约而无法达到设计要求、量程比小、压损大等.本文介绍"V"型内锥式差压流量计的工作原理,分析了如何解决孔板流量计的这些缺陷,并通过计算实例介绍"V"型内锥式流量计在节能方面的优点,最后介绍在恶劣条件下"V"型内锥式流量计是如何提供准确计量的.     

上游阻流件对V锥流量计性能的影响

利用常压气体作为流动介质,以流出系数平均相对误差、线性度和不确定度为评价指标,通过实流实验,研究上游组合管件对V锥流量计测量性能的影响。在上游相同阻流件条件下建模仿真,对V锥流量计和孔板流量计的结构进行对比。     

径距取压孔板流量计存在问题及解决办法

工艺生产装置中化工仪表里流量计有质量流量计、容积式流量计、速度式流量计、差压式流量计、靶式流量计等,而差压式流量计又有孔板式流量计、喷嘴式流量计、文丘里管式流量计、弯管流量计、V锥流量计、皮托管流量计、匀速管流量计、楔形流量计、径距取压孔板流量计等。文章以径距取压孔板流量计为研究对象,通过学习工作原理、结构形式、安装要求,掌握径距取压孔板流量计存在问题及解决办法;工作中遇到化工装置生产过程中出现径距取压孔板流量计一些故障,不断根据现场实际情况分析和解决其存在问题,总结了径距取压孔板流量计存在问题及解决办法及经验。     

测管式流量计在大口径气（汽）体流量测量中的应用

近年来各种非标准差压式流量计如：均速管、环形孔板、V型锥、内置式文丘里管、弯管等流量计,依其各自的特点。在大口径流量测量方面做了有益的探索。但是非标准差压式流量计,由于不能像孔板等标准节流件一样,有成熟且通行的国际标准支持,所以其仪表系数必须通过实流标定获得,而目前我国还没有口径大于400mm、满足圆管流的气体标准装置,即使标定采用风洞,由于在风洞均匀流场下游,     

关键因素对内锥流量计压损的影响

为提高对内锥流量计压力损失的认识,获得高准确度的压损计算公式,开展了关键因素对内锥流量计压损影响的实流实验研究。实验介质为常温水,雷诺数范围0.14×105～4.2×105。设计等效直径比分别为0.45、0.55、0.65、0.75、0.85的实验样机一套,从永久压损与相对压损2个角度进行分析。研究表明,一方面等效直径比相同而雷诺数不同时,内锥流量计的永久压损随雷诺数的增大而增大,在对数坐标系下成线性关系;雷诺数相同而等效直径比不同时,永久压损随等效直径比的增大而减小;另一方面,内锥流量计的相对压损与雷诺数无关,与等效直径比相关,随等效直径比的增大而减小。将本研究给出的内锥流量计相对压损计算公式与国外公式预测结果进行了比较,最大偏差为21%;同时,与国外测试的不同流量计相对压损曲线进行了比较,得出本套样机相对压损曲线介于孔板和喷嘴之间,且更靠近孔板的结论。     

提高孔板流量计计量精度的研究

阐述了孔板流量计的测量原理,针对目前在天然气计量中孔板流量计的运行情况,分析了影响孔板流量计计量精度的因素,提出了提高孔板流量计计量精度的若干措施。     

新型差压式流量计的设计

通过对内舍V型内锥的圆管内的流体流动进行分析，推导出差压式流量计的流量方程，设计了一个适用于发动机试验情况的V型内锥流量计，最后通过试验对此流量计进行标定，并检验了其精度。     

在检测与控制回路中用涡街流量计代替孔板及差压流量计（一）

把涡街流量计用于控制回路的流量测量是目前流量测量工程师十分关心的热点问题，我们根据多年应用孔板流量计和漏街流量计的经验详细论述了用涡街流量计代替孔板流量计测量流量的好处，并就如何使用涡街流量计测量流量作了详细说明。     

可逆式孔板流量计

采用节流装置的流量计是最早使用的流量计。属于上述流量计的有孔板流量计、文丘里管流量计、喷嘴流量计等。此类流量计均规定流体流动方向为单向流动。与此不同的是本文所述的可逆式孔板流量计,它是一种在流量测量时与流体流动方向无关的新型流量计。此流量计的特点是,将节流     

用阿牛巴流量计替代孔板流量计带来的经济效益

我厂煤气站空气输送管线上,原设计安装的是孔板流量计对入炉空气进行计量。由于标准孔板的压力损失较大,使空气鼓风机的能耗较大,并且安装也不方便。若采用阿牛巴流量计替代孔板流量计对入炉空气进行计量,就可起到增加空气流量,减少煤气生产的循环时间,增加煤气的产量,减少空气鼓风机的电能     

德尔塔巴流量计在流量测量中的应用

介绍了一种用于流量测量的德尔塔巴流量计,简述了德尔塔巴的测量原理以及基本结构,详细的介绍了德尔塔巴流量计的特点并与孔板、转子流量计、涡街流量计等常见的流量仪表进行了对比,通过实例阐述了德尔塔巴在实际工程应用中的价值。     

Soft sensor for an orifice flowmeter in presence of disturbances

Measurements using an orifice flowmeter are widely used in industry. In certain instances, the output of the flowmeter may be corrupted due to plate contamination, changes in fluid density, or incorrect insertion of the plate. This paper describes a method for estimating the correct output in the presence of such disturbances. First, a linear parameter-varying model of the orifice flowmeter is developed using data extracted from computational fluid dynamics simulations. The simulation and experimental output are found to have an average deviation of 6.5% and 3.49% in terms of the differential pressure and discharge coefficient, respectively. Observer-based estimators for the linear parameter-varying models are developed for different combinations of the settling time and maximum overshoot. These estimators enable the disturbance-induced output to be corrected close to the true value. The error in the disturbed output due to plate contamination is reduced from 45% to 0.82%. Similarly, the error due to an accidental change of plate decreases from 76% to 2.03%. Thus, the proposed estimator can be used to nullify the disturbances induced in the measurements from orifice flowmeters.     

孔口流量计正压测试夹具和可膨胀系数的研究

孔口流量计是标准孔板流量计的特殊使用形式,为环境监测领域中常用流量测量元件。孔口流量计在校准时按上游入口压力的不同,其校准方法分为微正压和微负压两种校准工况。两种工况均为国家标准和规范推荐方法,但校准出的流量系数差距达10%。夹具引入的附加差压和仪表流量系数线性度误差是导致两种校准工况流量系数偏差的原因。通过CFD仿真研究,设计对被校准孔口流量计上游压力影响较小的夹具形式和结构参数。在仿真数据的基础上计算得到适用于常用管径和雷诺数范围的孔口流量计的可膨胀修正系数公式。运用上述成果并进行试验验证,正压和负压校准流量系数的差距减小至±0.5%以内。校准流量范围内孔口流量计流量系数线性度也有0.1%左右的提升。     

孔板流量计测量误差及产生的原因和解决方法

就孔板流量计在现场应用中的测量误差产生的原因进行了分析,并对孔板、导压管和差压变送器的安装及维护中产生的各种附加测量误差提出了一些解决方法。     

一种新式差压流量计的设计与应用

该文分析了影响蒸汽流量准确计量的主要因素,介绍了传统的蒸汽流量计如孔板流量计和涡街流量计的使用局限性,详细介绍了一种基于皮托管原理的新式差压式流量计的设计原理、结构特点及其标定方法,通过实例给出了典型蒸汽工况下选择流量计的考虑因素,以及应用这种新式差压式流量计的选型和计算过程。     

Study on the design and performance of a bi-directional cone flowmeter

The present study explores a novel design of cone flowmeter for bi-directional flow metering application. Two identical cone shapes are machined with their base circle surfaces joined together with a small step in between them and differential pressure measurement is done across the apex of the cones. The bi-directional cone flowmeter is tested under fully developed flow conditions and its performance under double 90° bend (out-of-plane) is also evaluated. The bi-directional cone flowmeter is tested in a circular pipe (inside diameter of 101 mm) with water as the working medium for the flow Reynolds number ranging from 1.18×10⁵ to 5.48×10⁵. Influence of the half cone angle (α) and the location of static pressure taps on the coefficient of discharge (C_d) of a cone flowmeter are studied. Two cones with half cone angles α=30° and α=45° with a constant constriction ratio (β) of 0.75 are studied. Static pressure taps are located on both sides of the bi-directional cone. Two sets of locations of static pressure taps are studied. First set includes two static pressure taps on the pipe wall in the planes of apexes of the bi-directional cone—called apex taps. Second set includes pressure taps on the pipe wall in the planes at a distance D/4 away from the apexes of the bi-directional cone—called D/4 taps. Double 90° bend (out-of-plane) is placed at 1.5D, 5.5D, 9.5D and 13.5D upstream to the bi-directional cone flowmeter. It is observed that the apex static pressure taps located in the plane of apexes of the bi-directional cone result in statistically consistent coefficient of discharge for all Reynolds numbers covered in this study. The results suggest that the bi-directional cone flowmeter is insensitive to the swirl created by double 90° bend (out-of-plane) placed at the upstream of cone flowmeter, if placed at a distance of 9.5D or more.     

Experimental and numerical study of the flow characteristics of a novel olive-shaped flowmeter (OSF)

A novel differential pressure flowmeter with an olive-shaped flowmeter (OSF) is proposed and investigated both experimentally and numerically. The streamline, pressure and velocity are obtained and numerically analysed. The results indicate that the proposed OSF exhibits less permanent pressure loss than the orifice plate flowmeter (OPF). The pressure also tends to be more stable in the OSF, which ensures high measurement accuracy and repeatability. The OSF is superior to the OPF in terms of relative pressure loss, streamline distribution, pressure distribution and velocity distribution. In the experiment, an oil pump transported diesel oil into the measurement pipe, through the check valve, filter, pressure-regulating container, and flow-regulating valve, before it was finally returned to the fuel tank. The experimental results showed that the pressure loss of the OSF was only about 14.94% of that of the OPF under the same conditions. The pressure loss curve of the OPF increased rapidly by up to 2,700 Pa with each 1 m³/h increase in the flow rate, whereas that of the OSF increased only slightly.     

Influence of cone angle on the performance of a wafer cone flowmeter

The present study explores the effect of upstream disturbances like a single 90°bend, double 90° bends (in plane and out of plane) on the performance of wafer cone flowmeters with same beta ratio (β) of 0.77 but different half cone angles (α) of 30° and 45°. The influence of these disturbances on the upstream and downstream axial velocity (u) profiles are studied experimentally. The orientation effects, if any, are also studied experimentally. The minimum upstream distances required to get a fully developed flow for these disturbances vary with type of upstream disturbance, beta ratio (β) and half cone angle (α) of the wafer cone flowmeter. The study is carried out for a single phase flow with air as working medium at high Reynolds number (Re_D = 144000). From the results obtained from this study, it may be concluded that the wafer cone flowmeter with a beta ratio (β) of 0.77 and a cone angle of 30° requires less upstream distance compared to the wafer cone flowmeter with a beta ratio (β) of 0.77 with a cone angle of 45° for all the disturbances under consideration.     

On the effect of the electrode shape and contraction section on the right-angled electromagnetic flowmeter

Flow measurement is of great importance in many industries, such as the chemical industry, energy and urban drainage. Electromagnetic flowmeter is widely used due to its wide range, high response and suitability for multiphase flow detection. To meet the needs of small-caliber and low-flow applications and wider installation scenarios, this paper proposes a new insertion-type right-angled bent electromagnetic flowmeter. The measurement signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter is closely related to its internal fluid flow state, thus computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to optimize the electrode shape and contraction section shape of the electromagnetic flowmeter. Through comparison experiments of flat electrodes and cone electrodes, a better model is obtained. Furthermore, three new models of the contraction section are proposed: the sharp contraction type, the gradual contraction type, and the Widosinski curve contraction section. The Widosinski curve contraction section is easier to stabilize the flow field inside the flowmeter. The experimental data are in good agreement with the results of the large eddy simulation, and the results show that the measurement performance of the cone electrode is better than that of the flat electrode. When measuring small flow rates, the error of the cone electrode is only 5%, much smaller than the error of the flat electrode. The findings of this study provide a new idea for the development and optimization of the measurement performance of the right-angled electromagnetic flowmeters.     

Effects of flow disturbance on an ultrasonic gas flowmeter

A series of tests are carried out to assess the effects of flow disturbance on a small dimension ultrasonic gas flowmeter. Flow disturbances generated by cone couplings, and single and double elbows are investigated. Measurements with a 100 D straight pipe upstream with a smooth connection to the meter body are used as a reference. Our measurements show that the symmetrical disturbance produced by a cone coupling at a 12 D distance from the transducer path does not impair the performance of the flowmeter. An asymmetrical disturbance, such as a single or a double elbow at the same distance, seems generally to give an underestimation of the flow velocity, resulting in reading errors of −1% or worse. Measurements with straight pipes of 10 D, 20 D, 40 D and 80 D between the disturbance and the flowmeter have also been made showing that 10 D can cause an overestimation of flow velocity. Increasing the length of the straight pipe generally decreases the error. More than 80 D straight pipe between the disturbance and the flowmeter is required to give a result within ±1% of reference conditions. The angle between the elbow plane and the transducer plane is changed from 0 to 315° in 45° steps. The meter error is plotted as a function of inlet angle, showing a clear relationship between these values.