总承包项目设备材料采购价格控制要素的探讨

本通过对总承包项目设备材料采购过程中几个影响最终采购价格的环节的分析，提出了影响采购价格的控制要素。     

装配式建筑预制构件钢材采购成本优化研究

钢材费用在装配式建筑预制构件材料成本中最高占比超过51%,是进行采购成本优化的关键部分。本文考虑钢材市场价格波动的影响,研究应用ABC-LSSVR方法,预测未来多期钢材价格;进而以采购成本最小化为目的,考虑资金使用成本、生产连续性、价格波动等制约因素,建立钢材多期联合采购模型,应用粒子群算法对模型进行求解,得出最优的钢材采购策略,从而降低采购成本。实证分析表明:对比目前业内现行的钢材采购方案,应用优化后的采购方案,使钢材单位采购成本节约了34.21元/吨。     

国际工程项目中物资采购成本的控制

正随着国际工程承包市场不断发展和相关国家政策逐步推进,我国国际工程承包业迎来发展的关键期,承包项目规模大、数量多,且对物资的需求量增加,国际工程项目中的物资采购成本控制工作的重要性日益凸显。从物资采购存在的现状问题入手,研究运用ABC分析法确定成本构成中的主要影响因素为采购价格、作业成本及运输费,进而提出提高采购计划准确性及重视计划管理水平、采购价格、作业成本及运输费用等主要控制措施。     

谈建设单位建筑工程主材采购

建筑工程材料费用大约占工程成本的60%左右,其价格的合理性对工程造价的合理性影响很大。为了在采购过程中有效的控制材料价格,作者通过借鉴ABC管理法来分析确定建设单位采购的建筑材料的品种,并通过事例分析建设单位主材采购的益处。     

工程采购需在“动态”中强化管理与控制

工程采购要在动态中掌握价格信息,总结走势规律,完善采购机制,实施工程量清单采购,强化工程采购管理与控制。     

我国海外EPC项目采购阶段的成本管理

采购阶段的成本管理是项目成本控制的主题和核心部分,采购总成本由直接成本和间接成本构成。归纳出了影响采购的因素有市场竞争关系、项目复杂程度、质量标准和工期、原材料、组成品、设备等价格变动、项目的采购数量、付款条件、EPC总承包商采购管理能力。给出了搞好前期市场调查,建立市场信息机制;编制合理的物资采购计划,制订合理的采购预算与估计成本;注重信息数据收集,实施物资分类管理建议。     

独立市场调查堵塞采购黑洞

建筑施工企业物资材料占整个工程投资达60%左右,中铁二十三局集团八公司是以铁路桥梁制品生产为主体的综合施工企业,每年采购的钢筋、水泥、砂石骨料以及各种低值易耗品等材料将近10亿元。为降低工程成本,八公司成立了物资采购市场价格调查队,秘密调查所有材料市场价格,这一招数的实施,有效地控制了物资采购价格,堵死了物资采购黑洞,杜绝了企业效益的流失。去年,各单位市场价格调查员,深入到施工驻地市场各个角落,对施工物资、小型设备、生活用品、办公用品等调查     

监理在智能大楼电气设备招标中的作用

电气设备采购是智能大楼建设工程中的一项重要工作。电气设备的招标工作直接关系到所选设备是否符合设计要求、是否价格合理、供货及时、售后服务周到，并影响到智能大楼工程的建设质量。一般购置电气设备的方式有下列四种：①市场采购。这种方法简单方便，但是受到采购人员视野的局限，不易找到理想的采购目标，并受到采购人员的经验、作风的影响，因此只适用于小型设备和配件、材料的采购。②直接向设备制造厂定货。这种方法要求建设单位十分熟悉设备的性能、市场价格、以及厂家的情况，这种方法不具有价格竞争特点，往往使得商务洽谈和技…     

浅谈建筑施工企业材料采购控制

施工材料采购控制，是所有建筑施工企业在降低施工项目成本过程中的重要工作内容，建立完善施工材料采购规章制度，选择供应商，严格采购询价流程，进行货比三家，确定采购价格．与供应商建立稳定的供应合作关系，这些对控制施工材料采购极为重要。     

中美两国政府工程采购模式比较

美国政府机构在工程服务采购中通常采用以资质为标准的专业服务采购模式,而在施工采购中通常采用以价格为标准的"大宗商品"采购模式.本文分析了以上两种截然不同的采购模式产生和发展的历史背景,并与我国工程采购中常用的综合评分法采购模式作了比较,从而为发展和完善我国工程采购市场机制提供了借鉴.     

浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

浅谈我国工程项目建设成本控制存在的问题

结合目前我国施工企业工程项目成本管理现状,对工程项目成本管理过程中存在的问题进行了较详细的分析,并提出了一些解决问题的办法,以做好项目成本控制工作,进而增强企业经济实力。     

浅谈建筑施工临时用电安全

针对由于建筑施工临时用电安全管理的不完善和不规范操作而导致大量工伤事故频频发生的问题,为消除用电安全隐患,对建筑施工临时用电安全管理进行了归纳和分析,并提出了整改意见,以确保现场人员及电气设备的安全运行。     

安康市工程施工企业未来几年人才需求调查

为了不断提高工程类专业的办学质量,对安康市区主要施工企业或项目经理部未来几年人才需求状况进行了调查,同时提出相关建议,以期培养更多的该类专业人才,满足施工企业需求。     

Culturable and Total Fungi in Dust Accumulated in Air Ducts in Single-Family Houses

Abstract Fungal spore content in dust accumulated in air ducts was investigated in 24 mechanically ventilated single-family houses of which 15 had also a central air heating system. Dust was collected from the ducts simultaneously with cleaning of the ventilation systems. Besides spore concentrations and flora of culturable fungi, total fungal spore concentrations were determined in dust samples by the aqueous two-phase technique and spore counting with epifluorescence microscopy. Culturable spore concentrations in the dust varied from 10⁴ to 10⁷ CFU/g and total spore concentrations from 107 to 108 spores/g. Total spore concentrations in the duct dust were significantly higher in the air heated houses than in the other mechanically ventilated houses. The difference resulted mainly from a higher proportion of recirculation air and a higher age of the air heated houses. Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and yeasts consisted of >90% of fungal flora in the dust. Although total spore concentrations were at the same level both in the exhaust and in the supply ducts in both types of house, culturable fungal spore concentrations were slightly higher in the exhaust ducts than in the supply ducts. The proportion of culturable spores was <5% of total spores in dust accumulated in the ducts.     

北京私家园林的建筑艺术

北京私家园林中建筑占据了重要的地位,其中拥有厅堂斋馆亭榭轩楼台等不同形式,以及模仿江南的画舫,此外还经常设置戏楼和各种祭祀性建筑,并且拥有多种样式的门、廊、桥、墙等设施。这些建筑均采用典型的北方官式做法,用料考究,造型端庄,色彩相对浓烈,与山水花木景观很好地结合在一起,体现出与南方园林迥异的特色。结合大量具体实例,对北京私家园林的各类型建筑的基本特点进行分析,并对其整体的风格特征作了探讨和总结。     

Resident Participation in Housing Regeneration in France

The involvement of local residents in housing regeneration policy and practice has become a ‘new orthodoxy’ across Western Europe. This paper considers the experience of France, a country noted for its history of ‘third sector’ activism and innovative practice in, for example, neighbourhood management. It is argued here that—notwithstanding three decades of central government rhetoric and exhortation—there remain few examples of genuine involvement of residents in formal regeneration decision-making processes at a local level in France (especially in respect of strategic issues). There exists a ‘participation deficit’. This paper explores this phenomenon empirically through case studies of housing regeneration in Lyon, Marseille and Mantes la Jolie. It also seeks to explain the ‘participation deficit’, drawing a distinction between those factors that are pan-European and those that are particularly French, not least the apparent resilience of representative democracy.     

北京私家园林的掇山艺术

掇山是北京私家造园的重要内容,历史上曾经出现过很多著名的假山实例,清代以来一些江南叠石名家也曾经在一些京城私园中留下自己的作品。掇山材料除了推崇湖石以外,主要大量使用青石或以土带石,可以表现出山麓山坡、悬崖峭壁、峰峦叠嶂、洞穴深邃、山涧峡谷、叠石花台等各种丰富的峰峦景色,手法雄健大气,不同于江南园林假山的柔美秀丽之风,具有鲜明的地方特色。结合大量文献描述和现有实例,对北京私家园林的假山堆叠手法进行了探讨和总结。