共聚改性聚偏氟乙烯水性乳液制备及应用研究

为了制备高固含量、长期贮存稳定、可常温固化的含氟聚合物水性乳液，借鉴无皂乳液聚合技术在偏氟乙烯聚合过程中加入全氟或多氟烷基氧化胺型表面活性剂，以偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯（VDF-HFP）共聚物为种子乳液，丙烯酸类单体共聚物为壳层，通过优化共聚组分含量、聚合工艺条件，共聚改性制备高固含量聚偏氟乙烯水性乳液。结果表明：制备的水性PVDF乳液固含量40%～53%，放置4个月仍保持颗粒原始状态，高速搅拌剪切未出现凝聚现象，常温固化后的漆膜外观平整光滑，表面无缺陷。经施工及涂膜性能测试评价，共聚改性PVDF水性乳液喷涂、辊涂施工正常，漆膜综合性能与溶剂型PVDF涂料相当。     

无PFOA的含氟表面活性剂对PVDF树脂合成的影响

采用全氟辛酸(PFOA)的替代品含氟表面活性剂T-5为乳化分散剂,合成了不含PFOA的涂料级聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),并研究了T-5用量、相对分子质量及其分布对产品性能的影响;研究了产品乳液粒径、粒子形貌等对涂料分散性以及漆膜性能的影响。     

叔碳酸乙烯酯改性醋酸乙烯酯乳液的研制

采用半种子连续乳液聚合的方法，以过硫酸钾为引发剂，以十二烷基硫酸钠和OP—10复配为乳化剂，合成了叔碳酸乙烯酯／醋酸乙烯酯共聚乳液。研究了乳化剂的用量、阴离子／非离子质量比和叔碳酸乙烯酯用量对乳液性能的影响；引发剂用量、聚合温度、种子单体加入量以及单体进料速率对聚合过程的影响。乳化剂用量为3％、阴离子／非离子为1：1、叔碳酸乙烯酯用量为30％；聚合温度为76℃、引发剂用量为0．4％、种子加入量为10％、进料周期为4h，聚合过程稳定，乳液性能良好。     

分散聚合工艺制备聚四氟乙烯及其性能研究

应用分散聚合工艺制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)分散树脂,研究了乳化剂全氟辛酸铵、稳定剂石蜡、引发剂过硫酸铵以及聚合压力对PTFE分散聚合体系稳定性和PTFE分散树脂性能的影响。结果表明,全氟辛酸铵用量为0.65%时,可确保PTFE分散聚合体系的稳定,得到没有凝聚粒子的PTFE乳液;全氟辛酸铵分步加入的方式降低了PTFE树脂的标准相对密度,提高了拉伸强度和断裂伸长率;石蜡用量为12%时,树脂粘釜现象明显改善;过硫酸铵用量0.020%、聚合压力1.5MPa时,PTFE分散聚合速率达到76g/(L·h),得到标准相对密度2.171、拉伸强度30.6MPa、断裂伸长率469%的PTFE分散树脂。     

聚偏氟乙烯-丙烯酸酯原位乳液聚合的研究

采用原位乳液聚合 ,将聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)溶解于丙烯酸酯单体中 ,以碳氟表面活性剂 (FC- 80 ,氟醚 )和碳氢表面活性剂 (SLS、OP - 10 )为乳化剂 ,合成了PVDF改性的聚丙烯酸酯乳液 ,乳液在六个月内无分层现象。并用偏光显微镜和示差量热扫描仪对涂膜的结晶行为和热行为进行了研究 ,结果表明 :聚丙烯酸酯破坏了聚偏氟乙烯的结晶性使得改性后的胶膜透明。     

耐低温特种氟橡胶的合成

耐低温特种氟橡胶FLT是四氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯、全氟甲基乙烯基醚等单体的共聚物,其合成采用乳液聚合方式。详细研究了单体组成、反应温度、聚合体系pH值等对FLT聚合过程及产品的低温性能的影响。     

聚偏氟乙烯应用及合成技术进展

叙述了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)在涂料、注塑、水处理、锂电池及光伏等领域的应用,介绍了偏氟乙烯单体的合成方法、PVDF的聚合工艺,汇总了国内企业产能情况,并展望了国内PVDF产业发展趋势。     

全氟辛酸铵盐在离子交换树脂上的行为研究和应用

全氟辛酸是一种具有较低表面张力的、价格昂贵的化合物。它常作为分散剂应用于四氟乙烯的聚合,低浓度的全氟辛酸铵盐作为废水排放,不但污染环境,而且造成经济损失。Du pont 公司最早采用萃取法及水蒸汽蒸馏法回收全氟辛酸,该法工艺复杂,能耗较大。后来吴羽化学公司及 DuPont 公司又提出了离子交换树脂回收聚偏氟乙烯     

聚丙烯酸酯乳液型压敏胶的聚合方法研究

采用三种乳液聚合方式：间歇乳液聚合法、半连续乳液聚合法、种子乳液聚合法,根据实验结果和三种聚合工艺的特点,选出最适合的丙烯酸酯聚合方式;探讨了聚合温度、搅拌强度、软硬单体配比、功能单体、引发剂等因素对聚合反应及压敏胶性能的影响。研究结果表明：种子乳液聚合法最佳;当体系聚合温度为80℃,聚合反应6h,搅拌速率为200f／min时可得到综合性能较好的压敏胶;当软硬单体的比例大约为3：1时,压敏胶可达到最大剥离强度;引发剂的适宜用量为单体总量的0．5％。     

含氟聚合物及其涂料

201309003太阳能组件背板涂装用耐候性优异的核壳型氟聚物涂料的制备：W02012-124926[国际专利申请，韩]/韩国：Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology（HaJongWook等）．-2012．09．20．-13页．-21756（2011．03．11）：IPCC08F14/18题述氟聚物以（A）氟聚物为核和（B）氟乙烯醚（CFz：CFOCF：CF。R，）为壳，其中Rf表示C1～3全氟烷基或全氟烷氧基。例如，在6．3mL浓度为20％的水性全氟辛酸铵以及溶于620mL水中的1．OmL氯仿存在下，于80℃下加热偏氟乙烯（蒸汽压为300psi），然后以0．6mL/min的速度将1OmL浓度为2g/L的过硫酸铵加入反应釜中，同时保持偏氟乙烯蒸汽压为300psi：以0．15mL/min的速度将全氟乙烯基丙醚加入该反应釜中的同时添加180g偏氟乙烯，制得一种共聚物。将该共聚物涂覆于基材上，干煤固化，制得耐候性和防潮性优异的试样。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。