（Pr0.8Tb0.2）（Fe0.4Co0.6）1.88C0.05／树脂复合材料的制备与磁特性研究

采用粉末粘结技术制备了Pr0.8 Tb0.2(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.88C0.05/树脂复合材料.研究了超磁致伸缩合金/环氧树脂复合材料的磁致伸缩性质及高频磁性能,并对所制备的磁致伸缩复合材料的磁导率随频率和树脂体积分数的变化规律进行系统研究.结果表明,由于树脂的添加,不仅可以提高复合材料的截止频率和高频磁性能,使其具有良好的高频响应特性,其截止频率达4MHz以上;而且通过适当选择树脂的体积分数,复合材料仍能保持良好的磁致伸缩性能,Pr0.8Tb0.2(Fe0.4 Co0.6)1.88C0.05/树脂复合材料样品的λ在树脂的质量分数为8%时达最大值,为5.33×10-4,除树脂含量为12%的样品外,其余复合材料样品的磁致伸缩系数均大于合金样品;当树脂含量为6%和8%时,表现出较优异的频率稳定性及高频响应特性.     

1-3 型环氧基磁致伸缩复合材料性能

分析了 Tefernol2D颗粒体积含量为 53 %的环氧基磁致伸缩复合材料的显微结构 , 测试了 Terfenol2D/环氧树脂复合材料及相应 Tefernol2D的动静态磁致伸缩性能及增量磁导率 , 通过阻抗频率谱分析计算得到了2种材料的弹性模量、 磁机械耦合系数和截止频率等重要的性能参数。结果表明 , 由于树脂基体隔断了 Terfenol2D颗粒间的导通 , 与 Terfenol2D相比 , Terfenol2D/环氧树脂复合材料的动静态磁致伸缩性能及磁导率、 弹性模量、 磁机械耦合系数均有不同程度的降低 , 但其许用频率却提高了 2个数量级 , 因此更适用于高频超声领域。     

树脂基稀土超磁致伸缩复合材料的磁电性能研究

采用粉末粘结-压缩成型工艺制备出性能良好的超磁致伸缩复合材料（Giant Magnetostrictive Powder Composite, GMPC ），着重研究了合金粉末与绝缘树脂的配比对GMPC的磁致伸缩性能及密度的影响规律，并对其动态电阻率进行了测试分析。结果表明，所制备的GMPC的磁致伸缩量随合金含量的增加而增加，当磁场强度为400kA/m、树脂与合金粉末的体积比为1：9时，GMPC具有最高磁致伸缩系数λm，为558×10^-6；当粘结剂与磁粉的体积比小于3：7时，GMPC的密度随树脂含量增加而增大，体积比为3：7时，密度达最大值，为6．25g/cm，此后，随着树脂含量的增加，GMPC密度明显减小，当体积比为7：3时，密度达最小值，为3．06g/cm^3；GMPC的动态电阻率大于5．24×10^3Ω·cm，GMPC的成功制备将大大拓宽其在高频技术领域中的应用．     

Terfenol-D颗粒取向对树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料性能的影响

已有的研究表明,在树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料固化过程中,施加一定的磁场使Terfenol-D颗粒沿磁场方向取向排列可以形成伪1-3型复合结构,其静态磁致伸缩性能较颗粒随机取向的0～3型复合材料有一定程度的提高。本文旨在研究颗粒取向对磁致伸缩复合材料其它性能的影响。以Terfenol—D颗粒体积含量为50％的0-3型和1-3型环氧基磁致伸缩复合材料为研究对象,通过实验和计算对比两种材料的动静态磁致伸缩性能、增量磁导率、弹性模量、磁机械耦合系数。结果表明．颗粒取向不仅可以提高树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料的静态磁致伸缩性能和动态磁致伸缩性能,还能略微提高其弹性模量,但会适度降低其磁机械耦合系数。     

颗粒粒度分布对树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料性能的影响

已有研究在Terfenol-D颗粒粒径及粒度分布对树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料性能的影响规律上存在分歧。本文中以Terfenol-D为磁致伸缩颗粒,以不饱和聚酯树脂为基体,采用5 种窄分布颗粒(30～53μm、53～150μm、150～300μm、300～450μm、450～500μm)和1种宽分布颗粒(30～500μm)制备颗粒体积分数为20 %的磁致伸缩复合材料,并测试其动静态磁致伸缩系数、磁机械耦合系数、弹性模量及抗压强度等性能参数。在窄分布颗粒制备的试样中,以53～150μm制备的复合材料的磁致伸缩性能最佳;而采用宽分布颗粒制备的试样其性能优于窄分布颗粒制备的试样。该结果表明,增大颗粒粒径同时具有积极作用与消极作用, 其对复合材料磁致伸缩性能的影响取决于哪一个居主导地位。      

热残余应力对树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料动静态磁致伸缩性能的影响

树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料的固化温度及测试与使用温度存在差异 , 磁致伸缩粒子与基体的热膨胀系数也不同。这将在粒子周围产生热残余应力 , 并影响复合材料的磁致伸缩性能。理论分析了热残余应力的大小及其影响因素 , 发现其值随温差增大或粒子体积分数减小而增大。继而 , 以在不同温度下固化的 Terfenol2D颗粒体积分数为 20 %和 50 %的环氧基复合材料为研究对象 , 对理论分析进行了试验验证。试验结果表明 : 随固化温度升高 , 由于热压应力的增大 , 复合材料的动静态磁致伸缩性能均得到提高; 粒子体积分数的增加在降低其所受的热压应力的同时 , 也提高了功能体的含量 , 材料磁致伸缩系数的升降取决于这两个作用的耦合。     

超声作用下树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料的制备及其性能

树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料是由Terfenol-D颗粒分散在树脂基体内形成的一类复合材料,颗粒的分散均匀性以及颗粒与基体界面的粘结紧密性是影响其性能的两个重要因素.由于颗粒与基体润湿性差,机械搅拌制备的磁致伸缩复合材料,普遍存在分散不均,孔隙率高等缺点.高强度超声在液态树脂中传播时,会产生空化、声流等非线性声学效应,对促进颗粒分散和改善固液界面具有一定的作用.以环氧树脂为基体,分别采用机械搅拌法和高能超声法制备了Terfenol-D颗粒体积含量为50%的树脂基磁致伸缩复合材料.对两种材料进行了SEM分析及力学和磁致伸缩性能测试.实验结果表明,较之机械搅拌法,超声分散法制得的磁致伸缩复合材料具有颗粒分散均匀,孔隙率低,颗粒与基体的界面结合性好,弹性模量高,磁致伸缩应变大等优点.     

基于激光位移法的大磁致伸缩测量技术研究

基于激光位移法建立了一套大磁致伸缩材料测量装置,可以实现磁致伸缩系数的无接触、整体、准确测量。仪器测量磁致伸缩系数的复现性可达到2%。使用该装置测量不具有磁致伸缩性能的材料,结果显示仪器系统误差仅为3×10~(-6);装置测量纯镍样品饱和磁致伸缩系数的结果与理论值吻合良好。     

Mn-Zn铁氧体磁致伸缩系数的测量

磁致伸缩系数定义为磁性材料在外磁场作用下产生的长度或体积的相对变化量,是磁性材料基本特性参数之一。因此,准确地测量磁致伸缩系数对研究磁性材料有重要意义。由于Mn-Zn铁氧体的磁致伸缩系数在10~(-7)～10~(-3)范围内,故必须采用高灵敏度的测量方法。本文所介绍的自动测量系统,其灵敏度达到2×10~(-3),在12秒钟内自动描绘出λ-H曲线,而且测试操作方便。对于磁致伸缩系数λ≥20×10~(-3)的测量,误差小于±13%,测量数据重复性好。在室温至70℃范围内,可测量磁致伸缩系数λ随温度T的变化。     

〈533〉轴向取向稀土超磁致伸缩合金棒的制备与性能EI北大核心

利用非自耗真空电弧熔炼炉,通过恰当控制熔炼温度和热流方向,成功生长了具有〈533〉轴向取向的多晶稀土-铁系超磁致伸缩合金棒材。对其磁致伸缩性能测试结果表明,所制备的棒材具有较高的磁致伸缩应变,在0MPa压应力、400 kA.m-1的磁场下,其轴向饱和磁致伸缩系数λ//达1045×10-6,饱和磁致伸缩系数λS为856×10-6。X射线衍射结果表明,该材料在轴向主要有(533)强衍射峰,同时还具有(311),(110)等弱峰;径向则有(110),(220),(311),(511)等衍射峰,但各峰强度均很弱,证明该方向上的取向性不如轴向。另外,本实验还对超磁致伸缩材料的磁滞回线进行了测试分析。     

Modeling of magnetostriction in particulate composite materials

By combining a magnetostrictive material with a polymer or a metal, the magnetostrictive composites can have a reasonably large magnetostriction response for various sensor and actuator applications. In this paper, a relatively simple model for studying the magnetostrictively induced deformation behavior of magnetostrictive composites is presented. For illustrative purposes, we calculate the magnetostriction responses of composites containing Terfenol-D and nickel. Through numerical calculation, we have obtained the macroscopic longitudinal strains parallel to the applied magnetic field for Terfenol-D/glass composite and both longitudinal and transverse strains for the nickel/epoxy composite. Comparison with experimental data for both material systems shows our model is applicable up to very high volume fraction of magnetostrictive inclusions.     

粘结Sm-Dy-Fe合金的磁致伸缩性能研究

采用粘结法制备了Sm_(1-x)Dy_xFe_2合金样品,测量了粘结合金样品的静态磁致伸缩、动态磁致伸缩系数、增量磁导率和磁-机械耦合系数,研究了磁致伸缩性能等随磁场H的变化规律。发现当x<0.12时合金的低场磁致伸缩随x的增加而增加,高场磁致伸缩随x的增加而降低。棒状Sm_(0.88)Dy_(0.12)Fe_2合金在H=200kA/m时的磁致伸缩达405×10~(-6),磁-机械耦合系数和动态磁致伸缩系数分别达到0.34和1.28nm/A,因而粘结Sm_(0.88)Dy_(0.12)Fe_2合金具有一定的实用价值。     

压电/磁致伸缩/环氧树脂层合复合材料的磁电效应及其频响特性

磁电复合材料在磁-电能量转换等领域具有重要的潜在应用价值, 研究磁电复合材料在较高频率下的磁电耦合特性对于实际应用具有重要意义。本文中以0-3型的Terfenol-D(Tb_0.30Dy_0.70Fe₂)/环氧树脂复合材料为磁致伸缩层, 以PZT 压电陶瓷为压电层, 制备了三明治结构的层合磁电复合材料。研究了Terfenol-D/环氧树脂复合材料层的磁致伸缩性质, 并对所制备的层合磁电复合材料磁通密度、 介电常数以及磁电电压系数等随频率和偏磁场的变化规律进行了系统研究。结果表明, 由于Terfenol-D/环氧树脂复合材料的引入, 层合磁电复合材料呈现出良好的频率响应特性, 可靠工作范围大大拓宽。层合磁电复合材料具有优良的动态磁电耦合性能, 在优化偏磁场630 Oe和共振频率69.6kHz下的磁电效应高达21.2 V/cmOe。此外, 层合磁电复合材料的磁电效应随偏磁场的变化发生明显变化, 并存在优化偏磁场。对上述现象和结果进行了详细讨论, 并给出了层合磁电复合材料的磁电耦合机制。      

SiO2-TiO2/聚四氟乙烯复合材料的制备及热膨胀性能

为了使微波基板材料与Cu金属衬底的热膨胀性能匹配,对陶瓷/聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）微波复合基板材料的热膨胀性能进行了研究。采用湿法工艺制备了以SiO₂和TiO₂为填料的SiO₂-TiO₂/PTFE复合材料,研究了复合材料密度、填料粒度和填料体积分数对SiO₂-TiO₂/PTFE复合材料热膨胀性能的影响。结果表明,当SiO₂的体积分数由0增至40%（TiO₂ ：34%~26%）时,SiO₂-TiO₂/PTFE复合材料的线膨胀系数（CTE）由50.13×10^-6 K^-1减小至10.03×10^-6K^-1。陶瓷粉体粒径和复合材料密度减小会导致CTE减小。通过ROM、Turner和Kerner模型计算CTE发现,ROM和Kerner模型与实验数据较相符,而实验值与Turner模型预测值之间的差异随PTFE含量的升高而逐渐增大。     

Exchange biasing of magnetoelectric composites

Magnetoelectric composite materials are promising candidates for highly sensitive magnetic-field sensors. However, the composites showing the highest reported magnetoelectric coefficients require the presence of external d.c. magnetic bias fields, which is detrimental to their use as sensitive high-resolution magnetic-field sensors. Here, we report magnetoelectric composite materials that instead rely on intrinsic magnetic fields arising from exchange bias in the device. Thin-film magnetoelectric two-two composites were fabricated by magnetron sputtering on silicon-cantilever substrates. The composites consist of piezoelectric AlN and multilayers with the sequence Ta/Cu/Mn(70)Ir(30)/Fe(50)Co(50) or Ta/Cu/Mn(70)Ir(30)/Fe(70.2)Co(7.8)Si(12)B(10) serving as the magnetostrictive component. The thickness of the ferromagnetic layers and angle dependency of the exchange bias field are used to adjust the shift of the magnetostriction curve in such a way that the maximum piezomagnetic coefficient occurs at zero magnetic bias field. These self-biased composites show high sensitivity to a.c. magnetic fields with a maximum magnetoelectric coefficient of 96 V cm(-1) Oe(-1) at mechanical resonance.     

Improvement of thermal conductivities and simulation model for glass fabrics reinforced epoxy laminated composites via introducing hetero-structured BNN-30@BNNS fillers

Hetero-structured thermally conductive spherical boron nitride and boron nitride nanosheets(BNN-30@BNNS)fillers were prepared via electrostatic self-assembly method.And the corresponding thermally conductive&electrically insulating BNN-30@BNNS/Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites were then fabri-cated via hot compression.BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ(fBNN-30/fBNNS,1/2,wt/wt)fillers presented the optimal synergistic improvement effects on the thermal conductivities of epoxy composites.When the mass fraction of BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ was 15 wt％,λ value of the BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ/E-44 composites was up to 0.61 Wm-1K-1,increased by 2.8 times compared with pure E-44(λ=0.22Wm-1K-1),also higher than that of the 15 wt％BNN-30/E-44(0.56Wm-1K-1),15wt％BNNS/E-44(0.42 Wm-1K-1),and 15 wt％(BNN-30/BNNS)/E-44(direct blending BNN-30/BNNS hybrid fillers,1/2,wt/wt,0.49 Wm-1K-1)composites.The λ in-plane(λ∥)and λ cross-plane(λ⊥)of 15 wt％BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ/Si-GFs/E-44 laminated compos-ites significantly reached 2.75 Wm-1K-1 and 1.32 Wm-1K-1,186.5％and 187.0％higher than those of Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites(λ∥=0.96Wm-1K-1 and λ⊥=0.46Wm-1K-1).Established models can well simulate heat transfer efficiency in the BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ/Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites.Under the condition of point heat source,the introduction of BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ fillers were conducive to accelerating heat flow transfer.BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ/Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites also demonstrated outstanding electrical insulating properties(cross-plane withstanding voltage,breakdown strength,sur-face&volume resistivity of 51.3 kV,23.8 kVmm-1,3.7×1014 Ω&3.4×1014 Ω.cm,favorable mechanical properties(flexural strength of 401.0 MPa and ILSS of 22.3 MPa),excellent dielectric properties(ε of 4.92 and tanδ of 0.008)and terrific thermal properties(Tg of 167.3℃and THRI of 199.2℃).     

环氧树脂-脲醛树脂@2-甲基咪唑微胶囊/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及自修复性能

以一步原位聚合法制备芯材为环氧树脂（E-51）,壁材为脲醛树脂（UF）的E-51-UF微胶囊。采用FTIR、SEM、TG、粒度分析仪等分别对E-51-UF微胶囊结构、表面形貌、耐热性和粒径分布进行了表征。以E-51-UF微胶囊为核,固化剂2-甲基咪唑（2-MI）为壳通过共混复合,得到E-51-UF@2-MI复合微胶囊。将E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊填充到E-51基体中,制备了E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料拉伸试样、弯曲试样和梯形双悬臂梁（TDCB）修复试样,并采用电子万能试验机测试其性能。分析了填充E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊质量分数对E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料力学性能及自修复性能的影响。结果表明:制备的E-51-UF微胶囊呈现规整球形结构,平均粒径为130 μm,耐热温度达364℃;E-51-UF@2-MI复合微胶囊质量分数为10wt%时,E-51-UF@2-MI微胶囊/E-51复合材料拉伸强度达到最大值,为31.17 MPa,弯曲强度为66.77 MPa,最大修复率为90.1%。      

Interdigital pair bonding for high frequency (20-50 MHz) ultrasonic composite transducers

Interdigital pair bonding is a novel methodology that enables the fabrication of high frequency piezoelectric composites with high volume fractions of the ceramic phase. This enhancement in ceramic volume fraction significantly reduces the dimensional scale of the epoxy phase and increases the related effective physical parameters of the composite, such as dielectric constant and the longitudinal sound velocity, which are major concerns in the development of high frequency piezoelectric composites. In this paper, a method called interdigital pair bonding (IPB) is used to prepare 1-3 piezoelectric composite with a pitch of 40 microns, a kerf of 4 microns, and a ceramic volume fraction of 81%. The composites prepared in this fashion exhibited a very pure thickness-mode resonance up to a frequency of 50 MHz. Unlike the 2-2 piezoelectric composites with the same ceramic and epoxy scales developed earlier, the anticipated lateral modes between 50 to 100 MHz were not observed in the current 1-3 composites. The mechanisms for the elimination of the lateral modes at high frequency are discussed. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of the composite was 0.72 at a frequency of 50 MHz. The composites showed a high longitudinal sound velocity of 4300 m/s and a high clamped dielectric constant of 1111 epsilon 0, which will benefit the development of high frequency ultrasonic transducers and especially high frequency transducer arrays for medical imaging.