基于BEW盒形件的成形工艺研究

以典型盒形件为例,基于毛坯展开和产品成形性分析软件———BEW软件,利用UG NX8.5建立了实体模型,分析了该矩形盒形件的毛坯展开和拉深成形性能,保证了毛坯形状尺寸和零件精度要求,达到了盒形零件的工艺要求。     

三角锥形件拉深成形工艺及模具

三角锥长形件是指有一侧面为三角形的拉深零件,其变形的特点为弯曲和三角锥形拉深变形的组合,三角棱形件的成形难点是工件成形后一般不进行切边即交付使用,因此要求展开毛坯相当准确。介绍三角棱形件拉深的毛坯展开计算、拉深工艺及模具结构。     

带缺口筒形件毛坯展开的数值模拟分析

以一个带铂格矩形缺口的圆筒形拉深件为对象,分析了其成形规律和毛坯展开件形状和尺寸的特点,并用有限元分析软件DYNAFORM-PC对其成形过程进行了数值分析。模拟过程更直观地再现了该零件的冲压成形过程。模拟结果与试模样件基本一致,表明用数值模拟的方法确定大型、复杂冲件的毛坯较试模方法确定毛坯有着明显的优越性。     

方盒件拉深试验研究

在分析经典资料介绍的盒件拉深成形极限和毛坯制定法的基础上进行了方盒件的拉深研究,实验得出了方盒件单工序成形的更高极限值,提出了一种较为合理的新的毛坯制定法———“三参数法”,对于生产中进一步提高方盒件一次成形极限具有指导作用     

方盒件拉深试验研究

在分析经典资料介绍的盒件拉深成形极限和毛坯制定法的基础上进行了方盒件的拉深研究,实验得出了方盒件单工序成形的更高极限值,提出了一种较为合理的新的毛坯制定法－“三参数法”,对于生产中进一步提高方盒件一次成形极限具有指导作用。     

汽车制动器外壳液压深拉成形的数值模拟

液压成形能显著降低成本和提高制件质量,在汽车制造领域中将广泛采用。文中用Dynaform有限元仿真软件对汽车制动器外壳液压深拉成形过程进行了模拟,分析了压边力、液体压力、毛坯形状、压边间间隙对制动器外壳件成形质量的影响。研究结果表明,合适的压边力、液体压力、毛坯形状、压边间间隙能控制制动器外壳件拉深缺陷的发生,可获得好的壁厚分布,能实现一次成形成功的成形区域,为今后此类型的制动器外壳件液压成形生产提供了技术指导。     

带纵向槽筒形件拉深方法的研究

针对传境拉深带纵向槽筒形件的方法的缺点,采用一次拉深成形的方法,并通过试验和计算获得毛坯的形状和尺寸。     

汽车覆盖件成形的有限元模拟及模具设计

介绍了在有限元模拟基础上进行的汽车覆盖件模具设计,利用专用软件AutoForm对某车型的B柱进行了冲压方向的确定、拉深筋的布置、压料面和工艺补充面的设计以及拉深成形过程的数值模拟.根据模拟结果调整优化了工艺参数和毛坯形状等,消除了零件成形中的质量缺陷,提高了成形工艺稳定性,对实际生产中B柱成形的工艺确定和模具设计提供了依据.     

用数值模拟TRIP600汽车前翼子板成形研究

对使用新型高强度相变诱导塑性(TRIP)钢板拉深成形的某轿车翼子板进行研究,针对零件的拉深成形工艺,采用有限元模拟对成形过程进行仿真,通过分析定性地判断成形件的危险区域,并通过调整压边力、拉深筋的布置以及板料的形状等,定量地获得拉深成形过程中的工艺参数,实现了拉深成形工艺的优化,并最终得到合格的拉深件制品,为实际生产提供指导。     

矩形盒一次拉深合理毛坯作图法

矩形盒拉深时正确地确定毛坯形状和尺寸,不仅能节省材料、降低成本,而且还能得到口部平齐,壁厚均匀的高质量工件。同时合理的毛坯形状和尺寸还有利于提高矩形盒的成形极限。本文对《冷压手册》等书介绍的一次拉深成形的矩形盒毛坯外形作图法,提出了不足之处。并提出新的作图法。一、《冷压手册》作图法 (见图1)     

Modelling of flange deformation of irregular drawn cups using a fluid analogy

An analogy is shown to exist between the flow of a viscous fluid and the plane strain deformation of the flange of a deep-drawn cup. A method of finding optimum blank shapes based on the outward extrusion of a viscous fluid between parallel plates is demonstrated. Using this analogy, a computer simulation method is introduced and optimum blank contours obtained for drawing cups of uniform height for a wide variety of cross-sectional shapes. It is suggested that this approach leads to a useful, rapid and accurate computer-aided design method for blank development of irregular deep-drawn cups.     

基于正交试验的半球形拉深成形工艺参数优化

以某半球形TA1钛合金拉深成形件为例,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立了拉深成形三位模型和数值模拟正交试验方案。以是否破裂和起皱为衡量指标,探究凹凸模间隙、拉深速度和压边力对拉深成形件质量的影响,结果表明:起皱现象主要出现在压边区域不影响成形件质量,对底部最小厚度的影响从大到小依次为拉深速度、压边力以及凹凸模间隙。基于正交试验结果设计优化方案,得到最优工艺参数组合并将其应用于实际生产得到表面质量较好的拉深成形件,结果表明:基于正交试验对拉深成形工艺参数优化的方案可行,可以为企业生产提供指导,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Blank shape design for a planar anisotropic sheet based on ideal forming design theory and FEM analysis

A sequential design procedure to optimize sheet forming processes was developed utilizing ideal forming design theory, FEM analysis and experimental trials. For demonstration purposes, this procedure was used to design a blank shape for a highly anisotropic aluminum alloy sheet (2090-T3) that results in a deep-drawn, circular cup with minimal earing. All blank shape design methods require a certain number of iterations. However, the sequential procedure can be more effective than the other iterative methods based on FEM analysis in conjunction with experimental trials or on experimental trials alone. For this design demonstration, the anisotropic constitutive behavior of the 2090-T3 sheet was expressed using plastic potentials previously proposed by Barlat et al. The implementation of the anisotropic strain-rate potential in the ideal forming design code is also briefly summarized.     

A rapid and intelligent approach to design forming shape model for precise manufacturing of flanged part

Adjusting the part shape with complex flanges to compensate springback deformation is key to forming shape design for manufacturing rapidly and precisely. Classical forming shape design by displacement adjustment (DA) method using finite element (FE) simulation is usually time-consuming and not accurate enough for complex surface part in industrial application. In this paper, the forming shape is modeled by changing the relations of geometric features of part model with the new flange control surfaces directly. Control surface processing (CSP) method is presented including control surface trimming, cross section division, springback compensation, and extending to design forming shape model of doubly curved flange part with joggles rapidly. The algorithms of cross section curves division of control surfaces and subsequent subdivision of each curve with circular arc and line segments are proposed. A case-based reasoning (CBR) technique and gray relation analysis (GRA) are used to support the intelligent springback prediction of each bending segment of the cross section curve. The geometric data of control surface is expressed in XML format to realize the integration of the CAD-based tools of control surface division and compensation with the Web-based springback prediction system. The approach is demonstrated on an industrial aircraft wing rib part. The forming shape model could be designed rapidly by comparison with DA method. The part shape deviations of flange angle (?0.465° ~ 0.528°) and surface position (?0.3 mm ~ 0.3 mm) were detected by comparing the desired geometry with the actual digital formed part shape, and the results indicate that the approach can achieve the industrial part manufacturing rapidly and precisely.     

Wrinkling control in aluminum sheet hydroforming

In this paper, the wrinkling behavior of 6111-T4 aluminum alloys during sheet hydroforming process was numerically and experimentally investigated. In sheet hydroforming, one or both surfaces of the sheet metal are supported with a pressurized viscous fluid, while a punch forms the part. In sheet hydroforming the use of a matching female die is not needed. The use of the pressurized fluid delays the onset of material rupture (International Journal of Mechanical Science 2003;45:1815–48) and also acts as an active blank-holding force to control wrinkling in the flange area. To form a wrinkle-free deep-drawn hemispherical cup with sheet hydroforming, a theoretical analysis based on the work of Lo et al. (Journal of Materials Processing Technology 1993;37:225–39) was initially used to predict the optimum fluid pressure profile. Simplifying geometrical assumptions and Tresca material model used in the theoretical analysis provided a fluid pressure profile that resulted in premature rupture of the sheet metal. However, an optimum fluid pressure profile generated by the finite element method, using Barlat's anisotropic yield function (Journal of Mechanical Physics and Solids 1997;45(11/12):1727–63), was successfully applied in sheet hydroforming to make the deep-drawn hemispherical cup without tearing and with minimal wrinkling in the flange area. The finite element model was also capable of accurately predicting the location of the material rupture in pure stretch, and wrinkling characteristics of the aluminum alloy sheet in the draw-in process.     

虚拟加工技术在汽车冲压件工艺中的应用

阐述了虚拟加工技术在汽车冲压件板料成形过程中进行有限元分析的一般过程与步骤及基本方法，应用该技术并结合某型号汽车上的某些较典型的拉延件的初始模具冲压工艺方案对冲压件板料仿真成形进行分析，预测了初始模具冲压工艺方案可能产生的冲压缺陷，提出了冲压工艺方案的改进措施，表明了虚拟加工技术为汽车复杂冲压零件成形分析与模具设计制造提供了一种十分有效的先进手段。     

虚拟加工技术在汽车冲压件工艺中的应用

阐述了虚拟加工技术在汽车冲压件板料成形过程中进行有限元分析的一般过程与步骤及基本方法,应用该技术并结合某型号汽车上的某些较典型的拉延件的初始模具冲压工艺方案对冲压件板料仿真成形进行分析,预测了初始模具冲压工艺方案可能产生的冲压缺陷,提出了冲压工艺方案的改进措施,表明了虚拟加工技术为汽车复杂冲压零件成形分析与模具设计制造提供了一种十分有效的先进手段。     

Critical deformation in the ironing of deep-drawn cups

An instability criterion due to Hillier[1] which can also be deduced like Schmid[2] from the strain hardening energy is used to determine the critical deformation (ironing limit) in the ironing of a deep-drawn cup. The results of experiments are presented and compared with the theoretical predictions. The results prove the applicability of the simplification of the stress state due to the disc-model. Contrary to literature, the experiments also show that the stress due to loss of stability, and not the uniaxial tensile fracture stress has to be used to calculate the maximum force applicable to the bottom of the ironed part.     

Effect of electropulsing on springback during V-bending of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet

Because the intermediate-stage forming surface and the intermediate-stage forming tool path of the complex shape model are difficult to generate, the existing multi-stage CNC incremental forming takes the regular rotary body model or the square model as the research objects, and all adopt the three-axis CNC incremental forming mode. In this paper, a method for generating the intermediate-stage surface by using a longitude line that can reflect the personality of the surface and the five-axis CNC multi-stage incremental forming tool path was proposed. Firstly, the vertexes of the triangular facets of the STL model are used to generate the longitude lines which can reflect the characteristic of the surface, then the longitude lines are offset according to the multi-stage forming strategy and the characteristics of each surface associated with the longitude lines so that the intermediate-stage longitude lines could be generated, and then the intermediate-stage surfaces are built using the intermediate-stage longitude lines. Finally, the cutter location points of each intermediate stage are obtained by cutting the intermediate-stage surfaces, and the postures of the five-axis CNC pressing tool are determined according to the normal vector of the cutter location points. The case studies show that the proposed method can well generate the five-axis CNC multi-stage incremental forming path for the complex shape sheet metal part. The results of the numerical simulation analysis and forming experiments show that the proposed method is applicable.     

铝型材多点三维拉压复合弯曲成形工艺

轻量化薄壁型材三维弯曲结构件是高端装备制造业中一种难成形加工的关键零部件。针对此类制件的高精度、低成本的成形需求,提出一种拉弯-压弯相结合的铝合金型材三维弯曲成形工艺,设计多点联动的拉压复合成形单元体结构,通过水平方向由夹钳带动拉弯,垂直方向由各单元体上液压执行机构压弯,实现"W"形三维弯曲零件的成形,并研制成形装备样机。建立分析成形过程及回弹预测的数值仿真模型,通过试验对模型的有效性进行验证,仿真结果与试验结果回弹变形一致,回弹预测最大误差小于15%。此外,研究拉力对矩形截面型材拉压复合成形件回弹变形的影响规律,预拉伸力较补拉伸力对成形件的回弹减小趋势更为明显,当预拉伸力从零达到临界塑性应力Aσ_s时,总回弹减少了26.81%,为保证成形件不发生截面畸变和破裂等成形缺陷,确定了预拉伸力为Aσ_s、补拉伸力为0.3Aσ_s的最优工艺参数。所提出的多点三维拉压复合弯曲成形工艺解决了W形一类型材传统三维拉弯无法实现的多向曲率半径复杂弯曲成形的技术难题,为实现镜面对称结构件的成对一次成形提供了一种新方法。