溶胶-凝胶法合成的TiO2和Fe、Zn和Si掺杂TiO2 纳米粉体的光催化研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米尺寸的TiO2和Fe,Zn和Si掺杂的TiO2纳米粉并进行了粉体微观结构和晶体结构的表征.通过纳米粉对甲基橙的分解研究了合成粉体的光催化特性.溶胶-凝胶法制得的TiO2纳米粉具有比商业TiO2高的光催化活性但掺杂5%Fe,Zn或Si却没有带来TiO2的光催化活性的提高.     

钌掺杂二氧化钛纳米粉体的制备及光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制各了纯TiO2和Ru掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体.利用热重-差热分析、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和紫外-可见分光光度计对粉体进行了表征.在模拟太阳光下,利用含酚水溶液中苯酚的光催化降解反应,考察了TiO2纳米粉体的光催化活性和Ru的掺杂量对光催化活性的影响.结果表明:Ru的掺杂延缓了T...     

Eu~(3+)和Gd~(3+)共掺杂TiO_2粉体的制备及催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯TiO2和Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂TiO2复合粉体,采用X射线衍射、漫反射光谱和扫描电镜等技术对样品进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(methyleneblue,MB)的光催化降解为目标反应评价其光催化活性,探讨Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂对TiO2粉体光催化的影响机制。结果表明:Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂可以显著提高TiO2粉体光催化活性。Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂在TiO2粉体中产生协同作用,可以抑制TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石相转变,使TiO2的粒径减小。Gd3+/Eu3+共掺杂增大了TiO2粉体的晶格畸变,使TiO2粉体吸收带边蓝移。当Gd3+和Eu3+的质量掺量分别为0.05%和0.4%时,TiO2粉体光催化活性最高,降解率达到95.31%。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备B掺杂TiO2纳米粉体及其光催化性能研究

本研究采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了B掺杂TiO2纳米粉体.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)等测试手段对其进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,评价了不同热处理条件下的粉体在可见光下的光催化活性.结果表明:B掺杂对TiO2表面形貌没有明显影响,但抑制了TiO2晶粒的长大和TiO2由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变;部分B以B2O3的形式存在,部分B掺入到TiO2晶格间隙形成B-O-Ti键;B掺杂未改变TiO2的吸收边带,且使得TiO2对可见光的吸收有所减弱;B掺杂能有效促进TiO2表面活性基团Ti-OH的生成,该基团能够有效捕获空穴,从而提高光催化活性;B掺杂TiO2粉体在650℃煅烧的催化活性最高,对亚甲基蓝的2h降解率比未掺杂TiO2提高16.51％.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2粉体及掺杂锰对光催化性能的影响

综述了TiO2粉体的制备和其在光催化降解中的应用。提出了以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉体。并且以MnSO4.H2O为锰源,制备锰掺杂的Mn-TiO2光催化剂,在600℃、焙烧2h条件下制备了不同浓度掺杂锰的TiO2纳米粉体。通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)分析了二氧化钛的结构,并在此基础上深入探讨了二氧化钛的制备工艺、掺杂等因素对其光催化活性的影响。     

低量Pr3+掺杂TiO2粉体的制备及性能

利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和低量Pr3 掺杂的TiO2复合粉体,为了验证其光催化活性,以甲基橙的光催化活性降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性,探讨了低量Pr3 掺杂对TiO2粒子光催化活性的影响机制.研究结果表明:(1)在500℃下灼烧粉体可获最佳催化活性;(2)Pr3 掺杂TiO2可以显著提高TiO2粉体的催化活性,当pr3 与TiO2质量比为0.150%粉体的活性最好;(3)酸性或者碱性条件下,粉体活性得到提高;(4)催化剂最佳用量为2.50 g/L.     

锌掺杂TiO2超微粉的溶胶-凝胶法制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锌掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,探讨了锌掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了产品的微观结构和晶相组成,用综合热分析仪对前驱体凝胶进行了差热分析;以亚甲基蓝为降解对象,考察了锌掺杂、掺杂浓度对TiO2光催化活性的影响.结果表明:锌掺杂对TiO2晶由锐钛矿型向金红石型的相转变有抑制作用,并能够提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性;锌掺杂量具有一个相对最佳比例,当掺杂量3%、热处理温度550℃时,用溶胶-凝胶法可得到粒径分布均匀、锐钛矿晶型含量高、具有较高光催化活性的锌掺杂纳米TiO2.     

Fe3+/Zn2+复合掺杂纳米TiO2的结构及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺,以钛酸丁酯(Ti(C4H9O)4)为前驱体,冰醋酸为螯合剂,制备了Fe3 /Zn2 复合掺杂的改性纳米TiO2粉体材料.运用X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、Fourier变换红外光谱和光吸收研究了铁锌元素掺杂对纳米TiO2相变和光催化活性的影响.结果表明:铁及锌的掺杂会降低TiO2由锐铁矿相向金红石相的转变温度;掺铁和锌能提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性;当Fe3 /Ti4 摩尔比为0.2,Fe3 /Zn2 摩尔比为0.5时,经300℃焙烧1 h制备的Fe3 /Zn2 复合掺杂纳米TiO2样品的光催化活性最好;在太阳光照4h时,Fe3 /Zn2 摩尔比为0.5复合掺杂纳米TiO2样品对甲基橙的降解率可达71.43%.     

可见光活性负载型Fe2O3/TiO2光催化剂的制备

以FeCl3·6H2O和TiOSO4为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,采用均匀共沉淀法制备了Fe3 掺杂的纳米TiO2粉体,并通过X射线衍射、透射电镜分析及观察粉体的相结构、形貌和粒径.以甲基橙溶液为降解对象,考察了掺杂后的粉体在紫外和可见光作用下的光催化性能并对其机理进行了探讨.结果表明:Fe3 部分固溶于TiO2的晶格;当Fe3 掺杂量＜0.8%(摩尔分数,下同)时,随铁离子掺入量的增加,TiO2的光催化性能提高;当Fe3 掺杂量为0.8%时,复合粉体的光催化性能提高15%以上;当Fe3 掺杂量＞0.8%时,随铁离子掺入量的增加,TiO2的光催化性能降低,而当Fe3 掺杂量＞1.2%时,粉体的光催化性能受到抑制,低于纯TiO2粉体.     

几种类型纳米TiO2的制备及光催化活性研究

通过水解-沉淀法制备出一系列I和Fe掺杂纳米TiO2粉体。掺杂TiO2的物理性质通过XRD、UV-vis漫反射表征,光催化活性通过对MB的光催化降解来表征。讨论了不同掺杂元素对TiO2的晶型、晶粒尺寸、光响应程度及光催化活性的影响。结果表明掺杂可以减小晶粒尺寸,增加TiO2的紫外光和可见光响应程度和提高TiO2光催化活性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。