基于遗传算法的汽轮机DEH控制系统的参数优化研究

在遗传算法基本原理的基础上将其应用于汽轮机数字电液控制系统PID调节器参数的优化整定,对整定后系统的响应特性进行了对比分析,结果表明;改进遗传算法具有寻优速度快、能够获得全局最优的特点,经过优化后控制系统具有良好的动态响应特性。遗传算法可以应用于汽轮机数字电液控制系统调节器参数的优化整定。     

Multiple Input Governor Control for a Diesel Generating Set

The paper presents a multiple-input single-output fuzzy logic governor algorithm that can be used to improve the transient response of a diesel generating set, when supplying an islanded load. The proposed governor uses the traditional speed input in addition to voltage and power factor to modify the fueling requirements during various load disturbances. The use of fuzzy logic control allows the use of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) type structures that can provide variable gain strategies to account for nonlinearities in the system. Fuzzy logic also provides a means of processing other input information by linguistic reasoning and a logical control output to aid the governor action during transient disturbance. The test results were obtained using a 50 kVA naturally aspirated diesel generator testing facility. Both real and reactive load tests were conducted. The complex load test results demonstrate that, by using additional inputs to the governor algorithm, enhanced generator transient speed recovery response can be obtained.      

柴油机外置式电子调速器的装机与调试技巧研究

外置式电子调速器是在保留柴油机原有机械式调速装置的基础上安装的调速系统,它成本低廉、不需要对原有系统进行改动,就可将原来机械调速升级为电子调速系统,大幅度提高柴油机的输出特性。但外置式电子调速器由于是作用在停机或断油手柄,要达到最佳的性能指标,必须做好安装、匹配、调试工作。结合大量的调试经验,详细介绍了电子调速器的执行器的安装、调整方法,如何实现电子调速器与机械调速器的最佳匹配,以及控制器PID参数的调节方法和技巧。综合运用这些方法,可以快速高效的将外置式电子调速器调整到最优,从而使柴油机达到最佳运行状态。     

Design of an optimal robust governor for hydraulic turbinegenerating units

Design and analysis of a hydraulic turbine generator governor using optimal robust control methodology are presented. The approach is unique in the sense that the nonlinear characteristics of the turbine are first modelled as multiplicative uncertainties; and an optimal robust governor is designed by taking into account such uncertainties explicitly. The advantage of this approach is that the designed governor will guarantee the stability and the performance of the speed control loop for the entire turbine operating range. The performance of the new governor is shown to be superior to that of the conventional PID controller during large load disturbances. The resulting governor is only a third order. Hence, it has the same level of complexity as any other electrical-hydraulic governor in use today     

Adaptive hydrogenerator governor tuning with a genetic algorithm

An important aspect of a good control algorithm is robustness with respect to changing plant parameters. Adaptive control strategies attempt to address the robustness issue by optimizing control parameters as changes occur in the plant. This paper investigates the genetic algorithm as one possible means of adaptively optimizing the gains of a proportional-plus-integral hydrogenerator governor. Previous work has shown that the genetic algorithm can effectively optimize the control parameters for a fixed plant. An enhanced version of the genetic algorithm, using the notions of diploidy and dominance, can be used to address the robustness issue. Here, changes in the conduit time constant as well as load constant are considered. It is shown that the genetic algorithm can effectively follow changes in the plant parameters, producing optimal control parameters in an adaptive environment     

An orthogonal test approach based control parameter optimizationand its application to a hydro-turbine governor

The control parameters of the industrial controller should be tuned to match the characteristics of the controlled system, at installation and even during operation. However, many existing controllers can not complete this task themselves. An expert's intervention is usually expected. A control parameter optimization algorithm based on the orthogonal test approach is described in this paper. This algorithm has been implemented in a synthesis test instrument and successfully integrated into a microcomputer-based hydro-turbine governor. The efficiency of this algorithm has been proved by field test results     

基于修正因子模糊数模型的柴油机调速技术研究

介绍了基于修正因子模糊数模型的模糊控制算法在柴油机调速技术上的应用。仿真结果和试验结果表明，使用该算法的控制器有很好的调速性能，并对柴油机参数变化具有较强的适应性。     

模糊PID算法在车用数字调速器中的实现

详细论述了在车用数字调速器中,模糊PID控制算法在数字单片机中的简易实现方法。配机试验证明,该实现方法不仅不影响系统的实时性能,而且有效地提高了执行器的控制精度。     

600MW汽轮机调速系统试验及辨识研究

以某电厂6号机组(600MW)为研究对象,为对其调速器系统模型参数进行辨识,设计并实施了相关的试验。在辨识过程中,针对常规参数辨识方法在进行汽轮机调速系统模型参数辨识时所遇到的困难,采用了一种基于遗传算法的模型参数辨识方法,并利用Matlab及其simulink工具箱予以实现。结果表明,该方法较为适用于汽轮机调速系统模型参数的辨识,辨识所得到的模型也达到了较高的仿真精度。     

水轮机调速器特性研究综述

分析了调速器参数对水电机组及电网稳定运行方式的影响及其最佳运行参数的选定,阐述了水轮机调速器常规PID控制、自适应控制和智能控制等方法,提出了其他控制策略与非线性控制理论相结合的控制策略将是水轮机调节系统控制策略的发展方向,并介绍了提高调速系统可靠性的常用措施.     

Tuning method for governor control parameters of hydropower generator in isolated grid considering primary frequency performance and small-signal stability

This paper presents a method of tuning governor control parameters of an isolated hydropower generator considering the primary frequency performance and small-signal stability. First, generators that can be operated in isolated state are identified. Second, different schemes are proposed for generator mode switching from on-grid to off-grid state through comparison and mechanism analysis. Third, the time domain model and frequency domain model of the isolated generator governor are constructed to respectively estimate the primary frequency performance and small signal stability. Parameter sets that satisfy the primary frequency performance and small signal stability are acquired as optimal values of governor control parameters. Finally, the measurement-based parameters of the governor are identified and validated using simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.     

水轮机调整器并联型液压控制系统

在详细分析水轮机调速器流压控制系统的结构和工况的基础上,提出了一种新型的水轮机调速器液压控制系统,水轮机调速器并联型液压控制系统。它由1个可连续调节流量的小流量阀和1个开关型的大流量阀构成的并联系统完成自动调节控制。对它的控制策略及稳定性进行了分析,并对比例阀和方向阀并联系统进行了讨论。     

汽轮机及调速器对共振型低频振荡的影响及改进措施

汽轮机调速器采用转速和功率作为控制信号,在调速器的控制下汽轮机输出功率会引入附加机械同步转矩和阻尼转矩,进而影响共振型低频振荡。分析了共振幅值与机械同步转矩系数Km、阻尼转矩系数Dm的关系,基于汽轮机及调速器的数学模型采用复转矩系数法推导了Km和Dm的表达式,并分析了汽轮机及调速器相频特性和转矩系数之间的关系。在此基础上提出了一种改进措施,通过在控制环路中加入超前滞后环节,使汽轮机在共振频率处输出的机械同步转矩和阻尼转矩为正值,从而有利于消除汽轮机及调速器对共振振荡的不利影响。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建典型单机无穷大系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性和改进措施的有效性。     

福建电网水电厂一次调频试验剖析

针对当代电力系统中水轮机调速器已成为水轮机控制系统的控制核心,依据福建电网大量水电站一次调频试验结果,论述了水轮机调速器与电网负荷频率控制间的关系,分析了调速器在电网一次调频中的作用、静态与动态特性,提出了福建电网水电机组并网工况下调速器PID参数整定范围及机组功率控制模式.     

柴油机电液调速器执行器的设计和研究

电液调速器是柴油机电控的一个重要组成部分,相对于以往的机械式调速器具有动态响应快,稳态误差小,系统超调量小及调速时间短的特点。简述了开发的电液调速器的工作原理,并对结构设计进行了计算分析,证明了其工作的可靠性。     

A Self-Tuning Stabiliser for Excitation or Governor Control of Power Systems

Recently there has been increasing interest shown in utilising self-tuning control for stability enhancement of power systems. This paper proposes a new method of designing a self-tuning stabiliser for excitation or governor control for stability enhancement of power systems. In this method, a linear discrete-time model of preassumed order is used for the stabiliser design. Based on this model, a modified version of a conventional quadratic performance index is so defined that upon minimization, the resulting optimal stabiliser possesses an additional derivative term not found in the conventional stabiliser. The method also employs the recursive least squares algorithm for the purpose of estimating the model parameters every sampling interval. Based on the latest parameter estimate, the optimal stabilising signal is computed and applied to the power system under control. The proposed strategy is, therefore, self-tuning. Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the proposed strategy for self-tuning excitation or governor control of a power system. An advantage of the derivative control term is that it possesses an anticipatory characteristic and initiates an early stabilising action. Consequently, the proposed self-tuning stabiliser is suitable for improving the damping characteristics of power systems. In fact, simulation results show that the damping characteristics of a power system, under different disturbances and over a wide range of operating conditions, can be enhanced when the proposed stabiliser is applied to the excitation or governor loop. Fig. 2 shows a set of typical nonlinear test results.     

双PID水轮机调速器的研究

针对PID水轮机调速器存在的问题，提出在机械压随动系统前再引入一PID控制的新系统结构，以改善其静态特性，并用MATLAB进行仿真验证。结果表明：此种结构对调速器的性能有极大改善。     

数字插装式水轮机调速器应用研究

数字插装式调速器作为水轮机调速器控制的一个新方向,已在工程实践中得到了较好的应用,但相关理论和工程应用研究偏少。因此,采用理论和工程应用相结合的方式,论述了数字插装式水轮机调速器在工程应用中重点关注的闭环功率调节、孤网运行、贯流式机组甩负荷低频灭磁和过速等方面的控制策略和规律,总结了数字插装式调速器的工程应用情况,对于解决调速器工程应用中的相关问题有较好借鉴意义。     

A self-tuning stabiliser for excitation or governor control ofpower systems

A method based on the minimization of a quadratic performance index, is proposed for designing a self-tuning power system stabilizer. In the method, a linear model for stabilizer design is chosen, and a conventional performance index is so modified that, upon minimization, the optimal control law possesses an additional derivative term not found in the conventional control law. The method utilizes the recursive least-squares algorithm for estimating the model parameters. Consequently, the stabilizer is self-tuning and is suitable for further stability enhancement of power systems. Simulation results show that the damping characteristics of a power system can be enhanced when the stabilizer is applied the excitation or governor loop